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(Top) 1 Phonology 1.1 Consonants 1.2 Vowels 2 References 3 External links

Gadsup language

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Gadsup
Native to	Papua New Guinea
Region	Eastern Highlands Province
Ethnicity	Gadsup
Native speakers	(25,000 cited 1996 – 2000 census)^[1]
Language family	Trans–New Guinea Kainantu–Goroka Kainantu Gauwa Gadsup
Dialects	Oyana, Akuna, Ontenu^[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`gaj` – inclusive code Individual code: `ont` – Ontenu village
Glottolog	`gads1258`

Gadsup is a Kainantu language spoken by the people of the same name in Papua New Guinea.

Phonology[edit]

Consonants[edit]

Ontena Gadsup's consonants^[3]^[4]
	Bilabial	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Group 1	ɸ, β	s, ɾ	x
Group 2	m	n	j	ʔ

/ɸ, β, s, ɾ, x/ become plosives [p, b, t, d, k] when preceded by /N, ʔ/, but initially and medially they are [/ɸ, β, s, ɾ, x, ɾ].^[3]

Akuna Gadsup's consonants^[3]
	Bilabial	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Group 1	p	t, d	k
Group 2	m, β	n	j	ʔ

The phonology of Akuna Gadsup is similar to Ontena Gadsup, except voiceless plosives don't lenite initially, but they do medially.^[3]

Vowels[edit]

^[4]	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	e	ɐ	o
Low		a

/ɐ/ can also be heard as [ʌ̈].^[5]

References[edit]

^ GadsupatEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)
Ontenu villageatEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)

^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ulfsbjorninn, Shanti; Lahrouchi, Mohamed (2016). "The typology of the distribution of Edge: The propensity for bipositionality". Papers in Historical Phonology. 1: 109. doi:10.2218/pihph.1.2016.1696.

^ ^a ^b "Organised Phonology Data: Gadsup (Ontena dialect) Language [GAJ], Eastern Highlands Province" (PDF). www.sil.org. 2004-08-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-03-08.

^ Frantz, Chester I.; Frantz, Marjorie E. (1971) [1966]. "Gadsup phoneme and toneme units". Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 5. Canberra: Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-A7.1. ISBN 0-85883-012-4.