Philip (Spanish: Felipe, Italian: Filippo; 15 March 1720 – 18 July 1765) was a Spanish infante who reigned as Duke of Parma from 18 October 1748 until his death in 1765. He was born in Madrid as the second son of King Philip V and Queen Elisabeth. He became Duke of Parma as a result of the 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. The duchy had earlier been ruled by Philip's elder brother, the future Charles III of Spain, and by their maternal ancestors. Philip founded the House of Bourbon-Parma, a cadet line of the House of Bourbon. He was a first cousin and son-in-law of the French king Louis XV.

Life[edit]

Born at the Royal AlcazarinMadridasFelipe de Borbón y Farnesio, he was the third child and second son of Philip V of Spain and his wife, Elisabeth Farnese.

He was raised in Madrid and as a child showed more interest in art than in politics. He was also the 12th Count of Chinchón and Grandee of Spain First Class with a coat of arms of Bourbon after the alienation with royal authorization in 1738 of the 11th Count of Chinchón, Don Jose Sforza-Cesarini, Duke of Canzano, a title he later ceded to his brother Louis in 1754.

Portrait of the Duke of Parma as a child, by Jean Ranc, c. 1725-32

His mother came from the family of Farnese, which had ruled the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla for many generations. The duchy had been ruled between 1731 and 1736 by his elder brother Charles, but was exchanged with Austria for The Two Sicilies after the War of Polish Succession. Twelve years later, in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Austria lost the duchy and Philip became the new duke, founding the House of Bourbon-Parma.

As part of the Second Treaty of Versailles (1757) between Austria and France, it was intended that Philip would become king of the Southern Netherlands in a deal that would see French troops occupy key positions in the country – however this arrangement was repudiated by the subsequent Third Treaty of Versailles and Philip continued in Parma.

The Duchy of Parma was ruined by many years of warfare, and in 1759 Philip named the able Frenchman Guillaume du Tillot as his minister to restore the economy. Philip was an enlightened ruler who stimulated education and philosophy, attracting personalities like Étienne Bonnot de Condillac and Alexandre Deleyre.

Marriage[edit]

Portrait of the Duke of Parma with his family, by Giuseppe Baldrighi, c. 1757

Philip married his first cousin once removed Princess Louise Élisabeth of FranceinAlcalá de Henares, Spain on 25 October 1739. They had three children.

Princess Isabella of Parma (31 December 1741 – 27 November 1763) – she married Marie Antoinette's older brother, the Austrian emperor, Archduke Joseph of Austria. She had issue, but all her children died in childhood.
Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma (20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802) – he succeeded his father as Duke of Parma and married Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria and left issue.
Princess Luisa Maria of Parma (9 December 1751 – 2 January 1819) married Charles IV of Spain and left issue.

Their marriage was an unhappy one, and Louise Elisabeth died of smallpox at the age of 32 in 1759. Philip died unexpectedly on 18 July 1765 in Alessandria, Sardinia, after having accompanied his daughter Maria Luisa on her way to Genoa, where she sailed for Spain to marry Infante Charles. Through Philip's daughter Maria Luisa, he is an ancestor of the Bourbons of Spain, the Bourbons of the Two Sicilies, and the House of Orléans.

Honours[edit]

France: Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit (22 March 1736)

Ancestors[edit]

Ancestors of Philip, Duke of Parma^[1]

8. Louis XIV of France

4. Louis, Dauphin of France

9. Maria Theresa of Austria

2. Philip V of Spain

10. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria

5. Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria

11. Henriette Adelaide of Savoy

1. Philip, Duke of Parma

12. Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma

6. Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma

13. Isabella d'Este

3. Elisabeth Farnese

14. Philip William, Elector Palatine

7. Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg

15. Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

Heraldry[edit]

Heraldry of Philip, Duke of Parma
Coat of arms as Infante of Spain^[2]
Coat of arms as Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla^[3]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Philip, Duke of Parma.

^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 8.

^ Balechou, Jean Joseph. "Don Philippe, Infant d'Espagne" (in Portuguese). National Library of Portugal. Retrieved 18 March 2013.

^ "Parma, Fernando I de Borbón, Duque de (1751-1802)". Ex-Libris Database (in Spanish). Royal Library of Spain. Retrieved 18 March 2013.

Regnal titles
Philip, Duke of Parma House of Bourbon-Parma Cadet branch of the House of Bourbon Born: 15 March 1720 Died: 18 July 1765
Preceded by Maria Theresa (Parma and Piacenza) Giuseppe Maria Gonzaga (Guastalla)	Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla 1748–1765	Succeeded by Ferdinand
Spanish nobility
Preceded by Philip V of Spain	Count of Chinchón 1738–1754	Succeeded by Infante Luis of Spain
Preceded by Philip V of Spain	Duke of Canzano 1748–1765	Succeeded by Infante Luis of Spain

v t e Infantes of Spain
The generations indicate descent from Carlos I, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
1st generation	Felipe II
2nd generation	Carlos, Prince of Asturias Fernando, Prince of Asturias Diego, Prince of Asturias Felipe III
3rd generation	Felipe IV Infante Carlos Infante Fernando Infante Alonso
4th generation	Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias Carlos II
5th generation	None
6th generation	None
7th generation	Luis I Infante Felipe Pedro Fernando VI Carlos III Felipe I, Duke of Parma Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón
8th generation	Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria Carlos IV Fernando I of the Two Sicilies Infante Gabriel Infante Antonio Pascual Infante Francisco Javier Fernando I, Duke of Parma¹
9th generation	Fernando VII Infante Carlos, Count of Molina Infante Francisco de Paula Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal¹ Luis I of Etruria²
10th generation	Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier² Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin¹ Infante Juan, Count of Montizón¹ Infante Fernando¹ Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain¹ Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville¹ Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal¹ Carlos II, Duke of Parma¹
11th generation	Alfonso XII Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti² Infante Luis Fernando² Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera¹ Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime¹ Carlos III, Duke of Parma¹
12th generation	Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies² Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria² Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera¹ Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans¹ Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid¹ Roberto I, Duke of Parma¹
13th generation	Alfonso, Prince of Asturias Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona Infante Gonzalo Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria¹ Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera
14th generation	Juan Carlos I Infante Alfonso Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria¹
15th generation	Felipe VI
16th generation	None
¹ title granted by Royal Decree ² consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante

Dukes of Parma

Pier Luigi (1545–47)
Ottavio (1556–86)
Alexander (1586–92)
Ranuccio I (1592–1622)
Odoardo (1622–46)
Ranuccio II (1646–94)
Francesco (1694–1727)
Antonio (1727–31)
Charles I (1731–35)
Charles II (1735–40)
Maria Theresa (1740–48)
Philip (1748–65)
Ferdinand (1765–1802)
Cambacérès (Parma) (1808-1814)
Lebrun (Piacenza) (1808-1814)
Marie Louise (1814–47)
Charles Louis (1847–49)
Charles III (1849–54)
Robert I (1854–1859)

Held in pretence, no implied sovereignty:

Robert* (1859–1907)

Henry* (1907–39)

Joseph* (1939–50)

Elias* (1950–59)

Robert II* (1959–74)

Xavier* (1974–77)

Carlos Hugo* (1977–2010)

Carlos* (2010–present)

* denotes titular Duke

Authority control databases
International	FAST ISNI VIAF WorldCat
National	France BnF data Germany Italy United States Sweden Poland Vatican
People	Italian People Deutsche Biographie
Other	RISM IdRef