I received this rule and ordinance from our blessed father/pope, Heraclas.[7][8]
From the early 3rd century the title was applied generically to all bishops.[9][10] The earliest extant record of the word papa being used in reference to a Bishop of Rome dates to late 3rd century, when it was applied to Pope Marcellinus.[11]
The title pope continues to be used by Alexandrian bishops; both the Coptic Orthodox and Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria are known as the "Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria".[13][14]
In the Western Christian world "pope" is chiefly associated with the Bishops of Rome — from the 5th or 6th century it became, in the West, a title reserved exclusively for these bishops.[15][16] Despite its earlier use to refer to any bishop, in 998 an Archbishop of Milan was rebuked for having called himself "pope",[17] and in 1073 it was formally decided by Pope Gregory VII that no other bishop of the Catholic Church would hold the title.[18][19]
^Greer, Thomas H, Lewis, Gavin (2004). A Brief History of the Western World. Cengage Learning. p. 172. ISBN9780534642365)
^Mazza, Enrico (2004). The Eucharistic Prayers of the Roman Rite. Liturgical Press. p. 63. ISBN9780814660782
^Addis, William E., Arnold, Thomas (2004). A Catholic Dictionary Containing Some Account of the Doctrine, Discipline, Rites, Ceremonies, Councils and Religious Orders of the Catholic Church: Part Two. Kessinger Publishing. p. 667. ISBN978-0766193802
^Gerhart, Mary, Udoh, Fabian E. (2007). The Christianity Reader. University of Chicago Press. p. 494. ISBN978-0226289595
^Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press. p. 16. ISBN978-1434458766
^Stankiewicz, E. (1993). The Accentual Patterns of the Slavic Languages. Stanford University Press. p. 122. 978-0804720298
^Ioann Shusherin et al (2007). From Peasant to Patriarch: Account of the Birth, Upbringing, and Life of His Holiness Nikon, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. Lexington Books. p. 182. ISBN978-0739115794
^Subtelny, Orest (2008). Ukraine: A History. Univ. Toronto Press. p. 215. ISBN978-0802083906
^Magner, F. Thomas (1995). Introduction to the Croatian and Serbian Language. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 201. ISBN978-0271015361
^Tomic, Olga Miseska (2004). Balkan Syntax and Semantics. John Benjamins Pub Co. p. 108. ISBN978-1588115027
^Ethnologica. Association d'histoire comparative des institutions et du droit de la République socialiste Roumanie, 1982.
^"pope, n.1". OED Online. Oxford University Press.
