Portal:Organized Labour

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Introduction

The labour movement is the collective organisation of working people to further their shared political and economic interests. It consists of the trade unionorlabour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It can be considered an instance of class conflict.

• Intrade unions, workers campaign for higher wages, better working conditions and fair treatment from their employers, and through the implementation of labour laws, from their governments. They do this through collective bargaining, sectoral bargaining, and when needed, strike action. In some countries, co-determination gives representatives of workers seats on the board of directors of their employers.

• Political parties representing the interests of workers campaign for labour rights, social security and the welfare state. They are usually called a labour party (in English-speaking countries), a social democratic party (inGermanic and Slavic countries), a socialist party (inRomance countries), or sometimes a workers' party.
• Though historically less prominent, the cooperative movement campaigns to replace capitalist ownership of the economy with worker cooperatives, consumer cooperatives, and other types of cooperative ownership. This is related to the concept of economic democracy.

The labour movement developed as a response to capitalism and the Industrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, at about the same time as socialism. The early goals of the movement were the right to unionise, the right to vote, democracy and the 40-hour week. As these were achieved in many of the advanced economies of western Europe and north America in the early decades of the 20th century, the labour movement expanded to issues of welfare and social insurance, wealth distribution and income distribution, public services like health care and education, social housing and common ownership. (Full article...)

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PLAs are authorized under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), 29 U.S.C. §§ 151–169. Sections 8(e) and (f) of the NLRA, 29 U.S.C. §§ 158(e) and (f) make special exceptions from other requirements of the NLRA in order to permit employers to enter into pre-hire agreements with labor unions in the construction industry. The agreements have been in use in the United States since the 1930s, and first became the subject of debate in the 1980s, for their use on publicly funded projects. In these instances, government entities made signing PLAs a condition of working on taxpayer funded projects. This type of PLA, known as a government-mandated PLA, is distinct from a PLA voluntarily entered into by contractors on public or private work—as is permitted by the NLRA—as well as a PLA mandated by a private entity on a privately funded construction project.

June in Labor History

• June 01 - Matthew Woll died; the United Farm Workers conducted its first strike in 1966inTexas; the Cananea strike began in 1906 in Mexico
• June 02 - During the 1952 steel strike, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer; the Child Labor Amendment was adopted by the U.S. Congress; Charles Moyer died
• June 03 - The U.S. Supreme Court decided Hammer v. Dagenhart, outlawing child labor laws; Victor G. Reuther died; Emmanuel Christopher Loblack died
• June 04 - The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers affiliated with the CIO; Lou Cunningham was born
• June 05 - Teamsters for a Democratic Union was formed; the U.S. Supreme Court decided Hague v. CIO; the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act became law
• June 06 - Don Farrell was born; CUPE 3902 was founded; N. M. Perera was born; Thomas Jackson died
• June 07 - The Steel Workers Organizing Committee was founded; the Matignon Agreements ended a general strike in 1936 in France; John Willcock died
• June 08 - Robert Lee Hill was born; Emil Rieve was born; Percy Wells was born
• June 09 - R. J. Thomas was born
• June 10 - The U.S. Supreme Court decided Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co.; Frank Hayes died
• June 11 - John L. Lewis died; the Federación Sindical de Trabajadores Mineros de Bolivia was founded; José Bové was born
• June 12 - The 1981 Major League Baseball strike began in the U.S. and Canada; Philip Vera Cruz died
• June 13 - Israel Kugler was born; Tony Mazzocchi was born
• June 14 - 1911 Liverpool general transport strike began in the U.K.; government troops triggered the 2006 Oaxaca protests in Mexico
• June 15 - The Metal Trades Department, AFL–CIO was founded
• June 16 - Dave Beck was born
• June 18 - Battle of Ballantyne Pier occurred in Canada in 1935; the Battle of Orgreave occurred in 1984 in the U.K.
• June 19 - Nelson Cruikshank died; John W. Brown died; Tanong Po-arn disappeared
• June 20 - The American Railway Union was founded; Jim Bacon died; Evelyn Dubrow died; Alphonse Verville died
• June 21 - Nelson Cruikshank was born; the Herrin massacre occurred in 1922 in the U.S.; the U.S. Supreme Court decided United States v. Congress of Industrial Organizations; the "Molly Maguires" were hanged in the U.S.; Frank Drozak died
• June 22 - Riots occurred during the Grunwick disputein1976 in the U.K.; Paul Hall died; the U.S. Supreme Court decided Burlington Northern Railway v. White; the Sheffield Trades and Labour Council was founded; John Marius Trana was born
• June 23 - The Taft–Hartley Act became law in the U.S.
• June 24 - Terence V. Powderly died, Agnes Nestor was born
• June 25 - Winnipeg general strike of 1919 ended; the Smith–Connally Act became law in the U.S.
• June 26 - Timothy D. Murphy died; the Alliance of Concerned Teachers was formed; John W. Brown died; Emma Miller was born
• June 27 - The 1949 Australian coal strike began; the Industrial Workers of the World was founded; the Bureau of Labor Statistics was formed in the U.S.
• June 28 - President Grover Cleveland signed legislation establishing Labor Day in the U.S.; Alfred Miodowicz was born; Vere Bird died
• June 29 - The National Labor Relations Board was created; a lockout triggered the Homestead Strike; the merger of the blacksmiths and boilermakers formed the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers; Edward J. Carlough died; the U.S. Supreme Court decided Communications Workers of America v. Beck
• June 30 - Former labor union official Tomiichi Murayama became Prime Minister of Japan

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Image 2Former headquarters of the United Mine Workers of America and the Congress of Industrial Organizations, 900 15th Street NW, Washington, D.C., in 200.

Image 3Samuel Gompers.

Image 4The Place de la SorbonneinParis is closed by police during the 2006 labour protests in France.

Image 5Big Bill Haywood, a founding member and leader of the Industrial Workers of the World.

Image 6Illustration from the Brisbane Worker newspaper condemning the brutality of the Queensland PoliceonBlack Friday during the 1912 Brisbane General Strike.

Image 7Barges set ablaze by steelworkers during the Homestead strikein1892.

Image 8Joe Hill.

Image 9Striking American Railway Union members confront Illinois National Guard troops in Chicago, Illinois, during the Pullman Strike in 1894.

Image 10John L. Lewis (right, President of the United Mine Workers, confers with Thomas Kennedy (left), UMW Secretary-Treasurer of the UMW, and a UMW official at the War Labor Board in 1943 about a coal miners' strike.

Image 11Samuel Gompers, President of the American Federation of Labor, and his wife, circa 1908.

Image 12The Ludlow massacre monument located in Ludlow, Colorado, United States.

Image 13Strike leaders at the Paterson silk strike of 1913. From left, Patrick Quinlan, Carlo Tresca, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Adolph Lessig, and Bill Haywood.

Image 14Wilma B. Liebman, chair, NLRB.

Image 15William Green, president of the AFL–CIO from 1924 to 1952.

Image 16Armed vigilantes deport striking copper miners during the Bisbee Deportation in Bisbee, Arizona, July 12, 1917.

Image 17A. Philip Randolph.

Image 18Picket signs at the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike.

Image 19AFL–CIO unions protest outside Verizon headquarters in Philadelphia using a giant inflatable rat.

Image 20Members of the United SteelworkersinOhio phone bank other union members to educate them about critical issues in the 2008 election in the U.S.

Image 21Mounted police chase demonstrators through Vancouver's East End during the Battle of Ballantyne Pierin1935.

Image 22National Federation of Federal Employees officials sign a collective bargaining agreement with the U.S. 8th Army in October 2002.

Image 23Mary Harris "Mother" Jones.

Image 24Australian industrial relations legislation national day of protest, 2005.

Image 25Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York) notice of subway closure during the 2005 New York City transit strike.

Image 26Union members march in ArgentinaonHuman Rights Day in December 2005. The signs read "Worker rights are human rights..

Image 27Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during the Winnipeg general strike, June 21, 1919.

Image 28Striking teamsters armed with pipes battle police in the streets during the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934.

Image 29Great Railroad Strike of 1877.

Image 30During World War II, a female aircraft worker checks electrical assemblies at the Vega Aircraft CorporationinBurbank, California.

Image 31Camp put up by striking Pepsi-Cola workers, in Guatemala City, Guatemala, 2008.

Image 32Cripple Creek, Colo., under martial law, during the 1894 strike.

Image 33Richard Trumka.

Image 34Rally in Dhaka, organized by Jatiyo Nari Shramik Trade Union Kendra (National Women Workers Trade Union Centre), an organization affiliated with the Bangladesh Trade Union Kendra.

Image 35The Western Federation of Miners' famous flyer entitled "Is Colorado in America?".

Image 36George Meany, former leader of the AFL–CIO.

Image 37Union elections with an illegal firing, 1951 to 2007.

Image 38Political cartoon about the Coal Strike of 1902 from the Cleveland Plain Dealer.

Image 39Public and Commercial Services Union members on strike in Manchester 2006.

Image 40Knights of Labor Grand Master Workman Terence V. Powderly.

Image 41Striking workers march moments before the Swedish military opened fire, killing five workers during the Ådalen shootings.

Image 42AnAFL–CIO protest of Rite Aid, with Rev. Mark Reisinger (Pastor of Grace United Methodist Church in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania), Bill George, and Richard Bloomingdale.

Image 43United Mine Workers of America poster circa 1902.

Image 44American Federation of Teachers (AFT) president Albert Shanker.

Image 45Protesters barricade the street on June 22 during the 2006 Oaxaca protests.

Image 46Registered nurses on strike in 2006 outside Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.

Image 47Empty Gare du Nord train station during the November 2007 strikes in France.

Image 48Shields used by striking workers at the Carnegie Steel Works during the Homestead Strike in 1892.

Image 49May Day Rally in Mumbai, India, 2004.

Image 50J. Warren Madden, the first Chair of the National Labor Relations Board.

Image 51Detail of monument to the Reesor Siding Strike of 1963.

Image 52The front page of the Union Record on the Seattle General Strike of 1919.

Image 53Lewis Hine's 1920 image "Power house mechanic working on steam pump," which shows a working class young American man with wrench in hand, hunched over, surrounded by the machinery that defines his work.

Image 54Union members picketing recent NLRB rulings outside the agency's Washington, D.C., headquarters in November 2007.

Image 55Memorial marker for the Bay View Tragedy.

Image 56Exaggerated 19th century engraving showing flames and smoke following the Haymarket riot.

Image 57Strike sign used by the German Train Drivers' Union in the German national rail strike of 2007.

Image 58Striking I.W.W. members confront Massachusetts National Guard troops in Boston, during the Lawrence textile strike in 1912.

Selected Quote

I am opposed to 'right to work' legislation because it does nothing for working people, but instead gives employers the right to exploit labor."

— Eleanor Roosevelt.

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