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(Top) 1 House of Burgundy (1139–1383) 2 House of Aviz (1385–1580) 3 House of Habsburg (1581–1640) 4 House of Braganza (1640–1910) 5 Length of Reign 6 See also 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External links

List of Portuguese monarchs

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King of Portugal and the Algarves

Royal Coat of Arms of Portugal

Manuel II

Details

Style

His Most Faithful Majesty

First monarch

Afonso I

Last monarch

Manuel II

Formation

25 July 1139

Abolition

5 October 1910

Residence

Royal residences in Portugal

Pretender(s)

Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza

This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution.

Through the nearly 800 years in which Portugal was a monarchy, the kings held various other titles and pretensions. Two kings of Portugal, Ferdinand I and Afonso V, claimed the crown of Castile and waged wars in order to enforce their respective claims. Ferdinand I managed to be recognized as King of Galiza in 1369, although his dominance of the region was short-lived. When the House of Habsburg came into power, the kings of Spain, Naples, and Sicily also became kings of Portugal. The House of Braganza brought numerous titles to the Portuguese Crown some honorary, such as the attribution of the title of Rex Fidelissimus (His Most Faithful Majesty), and royal titles, such as King of Brazil and then de jure Emperor of Brazil.

After the demise of the Portuguese monarchy, in 1910, Portugal almost restored its monarchy in a revolution known as the Monarchy of the North, though the attempted restoration only lasted a month before destruction. With Manuel II's death, the Miguelist branch of the house of Braganza became the pretenders to the throne of Portugal. They have all been acclaimed king of Portugal by their monarchist groups.

The monarchs of Portugal all came from a single ancestor, Afonso I of Portugal, but direct lines have sometimes ended. This has led to a variety of royal houses coming to rule Portugal, though all having Portuguese royal lineage. These houses are:

House of Burgundy (1139–1383)
House of Aviz (1385–1580)
House of Habsburg (1581–1640)
House of Braganza (1640–1910)

House of Burgundy (1139–1383)[edit]

The Portuguese House of Burgundy, known as the Afonsine Dynasty, was the founding house of the Kingdom of Portugal. Prior to the independence of Portugal, the house ruled the feudal County of Portugal, of the Kingdom of Galicia. When Afonso Henriques declared the independence of Portugal, he turned the family from a comital house to a royal house which would rule Portugal for over two centuries. During the Reconquista, the Afonsine Dynasty expanded the country southwards until the definitive conquest of Algarve with Sancho II and the establishment of the Kingdom of Algarve, in 1249, under Afonso III. When Ferdinand I died, a succession crisis occurred between 1383 and 1385. Ferdinand's daughter Beatrice of Portugal was proclaimed queen and her husband John I of Castile proclaimed king by the right of his wife. Her legitimacy as a monarch is disputed.^[1]^[2]

Name

Lifespan

Reign start

Reign end

Notes

Family

Image

Afonso I

The Conqueror; The Great; The Founder; The Father of the Nation

Afonso Henriques

1106/09/11 – 6 December 1185 (aged 73–79)

25 July 1139

6 December 1185

previously Count of Portugal, founder of the Kingdom of Portugal
Son of Henry, Count of Portugal and Teresa, Countess of Portugal

Burgundy

Sancho I

The Populator

11 November 1154 – 26 March 1211 (aged 56)

6 December 1185

26 March 1211

Son of Afonso I

Burgundy

Afonso II

The Fat; The Leprous; The Lawgiver

23 April 1185 – 25 March 1223 (aged 37)

27 March 1211

25 March 1223

Son of Sancho I

Burgundy

Sancho II

The Caped; The Hooded (capuchado); The Cowled; The Pious

8 September 1209 – 4 January 1248 (aged 38)

26 March 1223

4 December 1247

Son of Afonso II

Burgundy

Afonso III

The Boulonnais

5 May 1210 – 16 February 1279 (aged 68)

4 January 1248

16 February 1279

Son of Afonso II
Brother of Sancho II

Burgundy

Denis I

The Farmer; The Farmer-King; The Husbandman; The Poet; The Poet-King; The Troubadour; The Just; The Liberal

Portuguese: Dinis I

9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325 (aged 63)

6 February 1279

7 January 1325

Son of Afonso III

Burgundy

Afonso IV

The Brave; The Bold

8 February 1291 – 28 May 1357 (aged 66)

7 January 1325

28 May 1357

Son of Denis I

Burgundy

Peter I

The Cruel; The Just; The Enemy-Son; The Stutterer; The Till-the-End-of-the-World-Passionate; The Vengeful; The Revengeful

Portuguese: Pedro I

8 April 1320 – 18 January 1367 (aged 46)

28 May 1357

18 January 1367

Son of Afonso IV

Burgundy

Ferdinand I

The Handsome; The Fair; The Debonair; The Inconstant; The Fickle; The Inconscient

Portuguese: Fernando I

31 October 1345 – 22 October 1383 (aged 37)

18 January 1367

22 October 1383

Son of Peter I

Burgundy

Beatrice

Portuguese: Beatriz

7–13 February 1373 – c. 1420 (aged 46–47)

(Disputed) 1383

(Disputed) 1385

Daughter of Ferdinand I

Burgundy

House of Aviz (1385–1580)[edit]

The House of Aviz, known as the Joanine Dynasty, succeeded the House of Burgundy as the reigning house of the Kingdom of Portugal. The house was founded by John I of Portugal, who was the Grand Master of the Order of Aviz. When King John II of Portugal died without an heir, the throne of Portugal passed to his cousin, Manuel, Duke of Beja. When King Sebastian of Portugal died, the throne passed to his Grand-uncle, Henry of Portugal (he might be called Henry II because Henry, Count of Portugal, father of Alphonso I of Portugal, was the first of that name to rule Portugal). When Henry died, a succession crisis occurred and António, Prior of Crato, was proclaimed António of Portugal.

Name

Lifespan

Reign start

Reign end

Notes

Family

Image

John I

Of Good Memory; The One with Good Memory; Of Fond Memory; The Master of Avis; The Good; The Great; The Bastard

Portuguese: João I

11 April 1357 – 14 August 1433 (aged 76)

6 April 1385

14 August 1433

Illegitimate son of Peter I

Aviz

Edward

The Eloquent; The Philosopher; The Philosopher-King

Portuguese: Duarte I

31 October 1391 – 9 September 1438 (aged 46)

14 August 1433

9 September 1438

Son of John I

Aviz

Afonso V

The African; The Crusader

15 January 1432 – 28 August 1481 (aged 49)

13 September 1438
—
15 November 1477

11 November 1477
—
28 August 1481

Son of Edward I

Aviz

John II

The Perfect Prince; The Man (El Hombre)

Portuguese: João II

3 March 1455 – 25 October 1495 (aged 40)

11 November 1477
—
28 August 1481

15 November 1477
—
25 October 1495

Son of Afonso V

Aviz

Manuel I

The Fortunate; The Grocer King/The Spices King (Le Roi-Épicier)

31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521 (aged 52)

25 October 1495

13 December 1521

Cousin of John II
Grandson of Edward I

Aviz

John III

The Pious; The Colonizer

Portuguese: João III

7 June 1502 – 11 June 1557 (aged 55)

13 December 1521

11 June 1557

Son of Manuel I

Aviz

Sebastian I

The Desired; The Sleeping Hero; The Sleeping King; The Hidden; The Crusader; The Virgin King

Portuguese: Sebastião I

20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578 (aged 24)

11 June 1557

4 August 1578

Grandson of John III

Aviz

Henry I

The Chaste; The Cardinal; The Cardinal-King

Portuguese: Henrique I

31 January 1512 – 31 January 1580 (aged 68)

4 August 1578

31 January 1580

Son of Manuel I
Brother of John III
Great-uncle of Sebastian

Aviz

Anthony I

The Prior of Crato; The Determined; The Fighter; The Resistant; The Independentist

Portuguese: António I

1531 – 28 August 1595 (aged 64)

(Disputed) 24 July 1580

(Disputed) 1583

Grandson of Manuel I
Nephew of Henry I

Aviz

House of Habsburg (1581–1640)[edit]

The House of Habsburg, known as the Philippine dynasty, was the house that ruled Portugal from 1581 to 1640. The dynasty began with the acclamation of Philip II of Spain as Philip I of Portugal in 1580, officially recognized in 1581 by the Portuguese CortesofTomar. Philip I swore to rule Portugal as a kingdom separate from his Spanish domains, under the personal union known as the Iberian Union.

Name

Lifespan

Reign start

Reign end

Notes

Family

Image

Philip I

The Prudent

Portuguese: Filipe I

21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598 (aged 71)

17 April 1581

13 September 1598

Grandson of Manuel I
Nephew of Henry I

Habsburg

Philip II

The Pious

Portuguese: Filipe II

14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621 (aged 42)

13 September 1598

31 March 1621

Son of Philip I

Habsburg

Philip III

The Great; The Tyrant; The Oppressor

Portuguese: Filipe III

8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665 (aged 60)

31 March 1621

1 December 1640

Son of Philip II

Habsburg

House of Braganza (1640–1910)[edit]

The House of Braganza, also known as the Brigantine Dynasty, came to power in 1640, when John II, Duke of Braganza, claimed to be the rightful heir of the defunct House of Aviz, as he was the great-great-grandson of King Manuel I. John was proclaimed King John IV, and he deposed the House of Habsburg in 1640 during the Portuguese Restoration War. The Habsburgs continued to claim the throne of Portugal until the end of the war in the Treaty of Lisbon (1668).

The descendants of Queen Maria II and her consort, King Ferdinand II (a German prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), came to rule in 1853. Portuguese law and custom treated them as members of the House of Braganza, though they were still Saxe-Coburg and Gotha dynasts. This has led some to classify these last four monarchs of Portugal as members of a new royal family, called the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, though this view is not widely held.

Name

Lifespan

Reign start

Reign end

Notes

Family

Image

John IV

The Restorer; The Fortunate; The Musician King

Portuguese: João IV

19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656 (aged 52)

1 December 1640

6 November 1656

Was chosen as king through Acclamation (unanimous consent) by the Portuguese people. Later, by right of conquest, dethroned the King Philip III Was also great-great-grandson of Manuel I

Braganza

Afonso VI

The Victorious

21 August 1643 – 12 September 1683 (aged 40)

6 November 1656

12 September 1683

Son of John IV

Braganza

Peter II

The Pacific

Portuguese: Pedro II

26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706 (aged 58)

6 November 1683

9 December 1706

Son of John IV
Brother of Afonso VI

Braganza

John V

The Magnanimous; The Magnificent; The Generous; The Most Faithful King; The Nuns' Lover; The Portuguese Sun-King

Portuguese: João V

22 October 1689 – 31 July 1750 (aged 60)

9 December 1706

31 July 1750

Son of Peter II

Braganza

Joseph I

The Reformer

Portuguese: José I

6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777 (age 62)

31 July 1750

24 February 1777

Son of John V

Braganza

Maria I

The Pious; The Mad

Portuguese: Maria I

(1734-12-17)17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816(1816-03-20) (aged 81)

24 February 1777

20 March 1816

Daughter of Joseph I

Braganza

Peter III

The Capacidónio; The Builder; The Edifier; The Sacristan; The Enabler

Portuguese: Pedro III

(1717-07-05)5 July 1717 – 25 May 1786(1786-05-25) (aged 68)

24 February 1777

25 May 1786

Husband of Maria I
Son of John V
jure uxoris king

Braganza

John VI

The Clement; The Merciful

Portuguese: João VI

13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826 (aged 58)

20 March 1816

10 March 1826

Son of Maria I and Peter III

Braganza

Peter IV

The Soldier King; The Liberator; The Emperor; The Hero of Two Worlds

Portuguese: Pedro IV

12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834 (aged 35)

10 March 1826

2 May 1826

Son of John VI

Braganza

Maria II

The Educator; The Good Mother

Portuguese: Maria II

4 April 1819 – 15 November 1853 (aged 34)

2 May 1826
26 May 1834

23 June 1828
15 November 1853

Daughter of Peter IV

Braganza

Michael I

The Absolute King; The Absolutist; The Traditionalist; The Usurper; The Grandfather of Europe

Portuguese: Miguel I

26 October 1802 – 14 November 1866 (aged 64)

26 February 1828

6 May 1834

Son of John VI
Brother of Peter IV
Uncle of Maria II

Braganza

Ferdinand II

The Artist King

Portuguese: Fernando II

29 October 1816 – 15 December 1885 (aged 69)

16 September 1837

15 November 1853

Husband of Maria II
jure uxoris king

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry

Peter V

The Hopeful; The Beloved; The Well-Beloved

Portuguese: Pedro V

16 September 1837 – 11 November 1861 (aged 24)

15 November 1853

11 November 1861

Son of Maria II and Ferdinand II

Braganza^[3]

Louis I

The Popular; The Musician King; The Painter King

Portuguese: Luís I

31 October 1838 – 19 October 1889 (aged 50)

11 November 1861

19 October 1889

Son of Maria II and Ferdinand II
Brother of Peter V

Braganza^[3]

Carlos I

The Diplomat; The Martyr; The Martyred; The Oceanographer; The Hunter; The Painter King; The Obese

28 September 1863 – 1 February 1908 (aged 44)

19 October 1889

1 February 1908

Son of Louis I

Braganza^[3]

Manuel II

The Patriot; The Sorrowful; The Unfortunate; The Studious; The Scholar; The Erudite; The Learned; The Bibliophile; The Missed-King

15 November 1889 – 2 July 1932 (aged 42)

1 February 1908

5 October 1910

Son of Carlos I
Last King of Portugal

Braganza^[3]^[4]

Length of Reign[edit]

Name

Reign

Duration

Afonso I

25 July 1139 – 6 December 1185

46 years 4 months 11 days

Sancho I

6 December 1185 – 26 March 1211

25 years 3 months 20 days

Afonso II

26 March 1211 – 25 March 1223

11 years 11 months 27 days

Sancho II

25 March 1223 – 4 December 1247

24 years 8 months 9 days

Afonso III

4 January 1248 – 16 February 1279

31 years 1 month 12 days

Denis I

6 February 1279 – 7 January 1325

45 years 11 months 1 day

Afonso IV

7 January 1325 – 28 May 1357

32 years 4 months 21 days

Peter I

28 May 1357 – 18 January 1367

9 years 7 months 21 days

Ferdinand I

18 January 1367 – 22 October 1383

16 years 9 months 4 days

John I

6 April 1385 – 14 August 1433

48 years 4 months 8 days

Edward

14 August 1433 – 9 September 1438

5 years 26 days

Afonso V

13 September 1438 – 11 November 1477,

15 November 1477 – 28 August 1481

1st: (39 years 1 month 29 days),

2nd: (3 years 9 months 13 days),

full: 42 years 11 months 11 days

John II

11 November 1477 – 15 November 1477,

28 August 1481 – 25 October 1495

1°st: (4 days),

2°nd: (14 years 1 month 27 days),

full: 14 years 2 months 1 day

Manuel I

25 October 1495 – 13 December 1521

26 years 1 month 18 days

John III

13 December 1521 – 11 June 1557

35 years 5 months 29 days

Sebastian I

11 June 1557 – 4 August 1578

21 years 1 month 24 days

Henry I

4 August 1578 – 31 January 1580

1 year 5 months 27 days

Philip I

12 September 1580 – 13 September 1598

18 years 1 day

Philip II

13 September 1598 – 31 March 1621

22 years 6 months 18 days

Philip III

31 March 1621 – 1 December 1640

19 years 8 months 1 day

John IV

1 December 1640 – 6 November 1656

15 years 11 months 5 days

Afonso VI

6 November 1656 – 12 September 1683

26 years 10 months 6 days

Peter II

12 September 1683 – 9 December 1706

23 years 2 months 27 days

John V

9 December 1706 – 31 July 1750

43 years 7 months 22 days

Joseph I

31 July 1750 – 24 February 1777

26 years 6 months 24 days

Maria I

24 February 1777 – 20 March 1816

39 years 25 days

Peter III

24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786

9 years 3 months 1 day

John VI

20 March 1816 – 10 March 1826

9 years 11 months 18 days

Peter IV

10 March 1826 – 2 May 1826

1 month 22 days

Maria II

2 May 1826 – 23 June 1828,

26 May 1834 – 15 November 1853

1st: (2 years 1 month 21 days),

2nd: (19 years 5 months 20 days),

full: 21 years 7 months 10 days

Michael I

11 July 1828 – 26 May 1834

5 years 10 months 15 days

Ferdinand II

16 September 1837 – 15 November 1853

16 years 1 month 30 days

Peter V

15 November 1853 – 11 November 1861

7 years 11 months 27 days

Louis I

11 November 1861 – 19 October 1889

27 years 11 months 8 days

Carlos I

19 October 1889 – 1 February 1908

18 years 3 months 13 days

Manuel II

1 February 1908 – 5 October 1910

2 years 8 months 4 days

References[edit]

^ David Williamson, «Debrett's Kings and Queens of Europe»,1988,Webb & Bower, Exeter, ISBN 0-86350-194-X; César Olivera Serrano, «Beatriz de Portugal»

^ García de Cortázar, Fernando (1999), Breve historia de España, Alianza Editorial, page 712; Armindo de Sousa, in História de Portugal coordinated by José Mattoso, Editorial Estampa, vol. II, ISBN 972-33-0919-X, pages 494/95

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Also referred as the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. "While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha according to pp. 88, 116 of the 1944 Almanach de Gotha, Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 5 of the 1838 Portuguese constitution declared, with respect to Ferdinand II of Portugal's issue by his first wife, that 'the Most Serene House of Braganza is the reigning house of Portugal and continues through the Person of the Lady Queen Maria II'. Thus their mutual descendants constitute the Coburg line of the House of Braganza"

^ Some historians consider that Manuel II was preceded by his elder brother Luís Filipe, not by his father Carlos. In fact, while king Carlos died instantly under the bullets of the anarchists on 1 February 1908, his son Luís Filipe, the crown prince, survived for at least twenty-five minutes, enough to allow governmental officials to name him king. This act is, however, usually considered as historically irrelevant, given that the crown prince never recovered from his coma. His younger brother Manuel (who was also injured, though not seriously) is therefore considered to have been the direct successor of the murdered King Carlos I.

Bibliography[edit]

Sousa, D. António Caetano de [in Portuguese] (1946) [1735–49]. História Genealógica da Casa Real Portuguesa (in Portuguese). Coimbra: Atlântida-Livraria Eds. OCLC 20210378.

Jiří Louda & Michael Maclagan (1981), "Portugal", in Lines of Succession. Heraldry of the Royal families of Europe, London, Orbis Publishing, pp. 228–237. ISBN 0-85613-672-7. (revised and updated edition by Prentice Hall College Div - November 1991. ISBN 0-02-897255-4.)

Luís Amaral & Marcos Soromenho Santos (2002), Costados do Duque de Bragança, Lisboa, Guarda-Mor Edições.

Afonso Eduardo Martins Zuquete (dir.)(1989), Nobreza de Portugal e Brasil, vol. I, Lisboa, Editorial Enciclopédia.

Imhof, Jacob Wilhelm (1708). Stemma Regum lusitanicum sive Historia genealogica Familiae Regiae Portugallicae. Amsterdam: orsinidemarzo.com. (reprint)