Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (Rac3) is a G protein that in humans is encoded by the RAC3 gene.[5] It is an important component of intracellular signalling pathways. Rac3 is a member of the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of small G proteins.[6][7] Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases.[5]
RAC3 has been shown to interact with CIB1[8] and HNF1A.[9] RAC3 also interacts with Nrf2 proteins.[10]ETAR, ILK, and β-arr1 interact with RAC3 as well.[11]
RAC3 gene is located in the third sub-band of the fifth band in the second region of the q arm on chromosome 17. There's many tumor suppressor genes that are located around the RAC3 gene.[12]
Since the RAC3 gene is over-expressed in carcinoma cells, it can function as a therapeutic target for the treatment of different cancer such as lung adenocarcinoma. To become invasive, epithelial cells have to transform into mesenchymal cells and the transformation is regulated by the RAC3 gene. As a result, if the RAC3 gene is silenced, lung adenocarcinoma cells cannot metastasize. In addition, drugs designed to silence the RAC3 gene lead to the apoptosis of tumor cells, thus preventing the cells from colonizing.[13]
Mutations of the RAC3 gene may result in neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain anomalies and dysmorphic facies, first described in 2018 by White et al.
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PDB gallery
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1e96: STRUCTURE OF THE RAC/P67PHOX COMPLEX
1foe: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RAC1 IN COMPLEX WITH THE GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE REGION OF TIAM1
1g4u: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SALMONELLA TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE AND GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEIN SPTP BOUND TO RAC1
1he1: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN THE GAP DOMAIN OF THE PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA EXOS TOXIN AND HUMAN RAC
1hh4: RAC1-RHOGDI COMPLEX INVOLVED IN NADPH OXIDASE ACTIVATION
1i4d: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF RAC1-GDP COMPLEXED WITH ARFAPTIN (P21)
1i4l: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF RAC1-GDP IN COMPLEX WITH ARFAPTIN (P41)
1i4t: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF RAC1-GMPPNP IN COMPLEX WITH ARFAPTIN
1mh1: SMALL G-PROTEIN
2c2h: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN RAC3 IN COMPLEX WITH GDP
2fju: Activated Rac1 bound to its effector phospholipase C beta 2
2g0n: The Crystal Structure of the Human RAC3 in complex with GDP and Chloride
2h7v: Co-crystal structure of YpkA-Rac1
2ic5: Crystal structure of human RAC3 grown in the presence of Gpp(NH)p.
2nz8: N-terminal DHPH cassette of Trio in complex with nucleotide-free Rac1
2ov2: The crystal structure of the human RAC3 in complex with the CRIB domain of human p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4)
2p2l: Rac1-GDP-Zinc Complex
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