Gardner-Serpollet (steam) 5HP Double phaeton from 19001901 Serpollet Vis-a-Vis Typ_D, 1901, Collection Schlumpf, Mulhouse, FrancePTL Serpollet double phaeton c. 1902Racing two-seater 19021903 Gardner-Serpollet now at Larz Anderson Auto MuseumPhaeton 1906
Gardner-Serpollet was a French manufacturer of steam-powered cars in the early 20th century. Léon Serpollet is credited with inventing and perfecting the flash boiler in the late 1800s.[1]
Serpollet produced his own automobiles under the name Serpollet and Gardner-Serpollet until his death in 1907.
Léon Serpollet was born in the Ain department of France, and went on to establish his factory with his brother Henri on the rue des Cloÿs in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, a location that has become the Parc Léon Serpollet today.[2] In 1886 the brothers formed La Société des Moteurs Serpollet FrèresinMontmartre.[3][4]
Leon Serpollet and his brother Henri, early French steam car pioneers, worked together to perfect the flash tube boiler that introduced an efficient and new way to produce steam. The exact date that their innovative system was first built appears to be unknown, but after further development it went on to make steam power in an automobile more practical because of its advanced design and quick steam output. They made a steam tricycle in the late eighteen-eighties to test the steam engines and it soon convinced others of the merit of the design.[1]
In 1896 Léon Serpollet patented the flash boiler, which made steam a much more practical source of power for an automobile. The oil-fired flash boiler fed steam to a very advanced four-cylinder enclosed engine similar to the contemporary petrol engine design including poppet valves and an enclosed crankcase.[5]
On July 22, 1894 four Serpollet vehicles competed in the Le Petit Journal Contest for Horseless Carriages from Paris to Rouen.[6] Maurice Le Blant finished 14th and Ernest Archdeacon finished 16th, but 'De Prandiéres' and Étienne le Blant stopped en route.[7][8]
Serpollet steam car De Prandiéres did not finish Le Petit Journal - Contest for Horseless Carriages, Paris-Rouen. Le Petit Journal Sunday July 22, 1894
Serpollet steam car with 7 seats Ernest Archdeacon finished 16th Le Petit Journal - Contest for Horseless Carriages, Paris-Rouen. Le Petit Journal Sunday July 22, 1894
Chastel et David Serpollet steam Étienne le Blant did not finish Le Petit Journal - Contest for Horseless Carriages, Paris-Rouen. Le Petit Journal Sunday July 22, 1894
Besides being an inventor and manufacturer, Leon Serpollet became the first driver of a non-electrically powered car to hold the Land Speed Record. His ovoid steam car Œuf de Pâques (Easter Egg) reached a speed of 120 km/h (75 mph) over the flying kilometre on the Promenade des AnglaisatNice, France on April 13, 1902, exceeding the 1899 record of Camille Jenatzy's La Jamais Contente.
