Southern Kurdish (Sorani Kurdish: کوردی باشووری ,کوردی خوارین, romanized: Kurdî Başûrî, Kurdî Xwarîn)[2] is one of the dialects of the Kurdish language, spoken predominantly in northeastern Iraq and western Iran.[3] The Southern Kurdish-speaking region spans from Khanaqin in Iraq to Dehloran southward and Asadabad eastward in Iran.[4]
Name
'Southern Kurdish' is a linguistic term for a group of related dialects in Western Iran. Speakers are not familiar with the term and do not refer to the language as such. They generally identify the kind of Kurdish they speak as a local dialect (the Kurdish of a given village), or as a regional variety such as "Garūsi".[5]
Variants
Southern Kurdish has many variants, linguist Fattah divides them into 35 varieties. These include:
Bîcarî
The most septentrional variety of Southern Kurdish spoken in and around Bijar in Iran. Bîcarî is the only Southern Kurdish variety detached from the greater Southern Kurdish-speaking region.[6]
Qurweyî (Chahar Dawli Xarbi)
The Quwreyî variety is spoken around Ghorveh in Iran and is related to the variety spoken in Asadabad and other Kurdish-speaking areas in Hamadan Province.[7]
Kulyayî
The Kulyayî variety is spoken northeast of Kermanshah, principally in Sonqor County and surrounding counties. The variety also spans into the Kolyai Rural District in Hamadan Province.[8]
About 83 villages in Dinavar District speak the Dînewer variety. The differences between the Dînewerî and the Kulyayî varieties are anodine.[10]
Sehne / Lekî-Kirmaşanî
The Sehne variety, or Lekî-Kirmaşanî has many similar characteristics with Lekî and is spoken in Harsin County and in Sahneh. What distinguishes it most from Lekî is the lack of the ergative case.[10]
Kurdelî a.k.a. Pahlavi is quite distant, and may be a distinct language.[11]
The Southern Kurdish alphabet is very similar to the Central Kurdish (Sorani) alphabet, which is a derivation of the Arabic alphabet.
Southern Kurdish has one additional letter "ۊ"; the Arabic letter waw with two dots above.
^Anonby, Erik; Mohammadirad, Masour; Sheyholislami, Jaffer (299). "Kordestan Province in the Atlas of the Languages of Iran: Research process, language distribution, and language classification". Current issues in Kurdish linguistics. University of Bamberg Press. p. 26.
