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'{{Redirect|The Feast of All Saints|the 1978 novel by Anne Rice|The Feast of All Saints (novel)}}
{{short description|Christian feast day}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name=All Saints' Day
|type=Christian
|image=All-Saints.jpg
|imagesize=300px
|caption=Painting of various saints by [[Fra Angelico]]
|nickname=All Hallows' Day, Hallowmas
|observedby= {{Plainlist|
* [[Catholic Church]]
* [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]
* [[Lutheran Church]]es<ref>{{cite book |last=Marty |first=Martin E. |title=Lutheran questions, Lutheran answers: exploring Christian faith |year=2007 |publisher=[[Augsburg Fortress]] |location=Minneapolis |isbn=978-0806653501 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPRSDFqD-fwC&pg=PA127|authorlink=Martin E. Marty |quote=All Lutherans celebrate All Saints Day, and many sing, 'For all the saints, who from their labors rest…' |accessdate=2 November 2011 |page=127}}</ref>
* [[Anglican Communion]]
* [[Methodist Church]]es<ref>{{cite book |author=Willimon, William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCRga-tv8U4C&q=Saints+%2B+Methodism&pg=PA64 |title=United Methodist Beliefs |page=64 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-1611640618 |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref>
* [[Reformed Church]]es
* [[Philippine Independent Church]]
* Other Christian denominations
}}
|litcolor=White (Western Christianity)<br>Green (Eastern Christianity)
|date=[[November 1|1 November]] (Western Christianity)<br/>Sunday after Pentecost (Eastern Christianity)
|celebrations=
|duration= 2 day
|frequency=annual
|observances=[[Service of worship|Church services]], [[praying for the dead]], visiting [[cemeteries]], eating [[soul cakes]]
|relatedto={{Plainlist|
* [[Allhallowtide]] ([[Hallowe'en]] 31 October, [[All Souls' Day]] 2 November)
* [[Totensonntag]]
* [[Day of the Dead]]
* [[Saint]]s
}}
}}
'''All Saints' Day''', also known as '''All Hallows' Day''', '''Hallowmas''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://langs.eserver.org/shakespeare-glossary.txt|title=Shakespearian Glossary|access-date=10 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423155308/http://langs.eserver.org/shakespeare-glossary.txt|archive-date=23 April 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ta6SAgAAQBAJ&q=shakespeare+hallowmas&pg=PT307|title=The Shakespeare Name Dictionary |publisher=Routledge |date=2004 |isbn=978-1135875718 |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> the '''Feast of All Saints''',<ref>{{cite book|title=The Anglican Service Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jN4wspXqHBkC&pg=PA676|accessdate=3 November 2012|date=1 September 1991|publisher=Good Shepherd Press|isbn=978-0962995507|page=677}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco]]|title=Homily on the Feast of All Saints of Russia|url=http://www.russianorthodox-stl.org/all_saints_russia.html|website=St. John Chrysostom Orthodox Church}}</ref> or '''Solemnity of All Saints''',<ref>Roman Missal</ref> is a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[solemnity]] celebrated in honour of all the [[saint]]s, known and unknown. In [[Western Christianity]], it is celebrated on November 1 by the [[Latin Church|Roman Catholic Church]], the [[Anglican Communion]], the [[Methodist Church]], the [[Philippine Independent Church]] (Iglesia Filipina Independiente), the [[Church of the Nazarene]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefoundrypublishing.com/celebrations-and-observances-of-the-church-year-9780834124332.html|title=Celebrations and Observances of the Church Year|website=www.thefoundrypublishing.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> the [[Lutheran Church]], the [[Reformed Church]], and other Protestant churches. November 1 is also the day before [[All Souls' Day]]. The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and associated [[Eastern Catholic]] and [[Byzantine Rite Lutheranism|Byzantine Lutheran churches]] celebrate it on the first Sunday after [[Pentecost]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sidhu|first1=Salatiel|last2=Baldovin|first2=John Francis|title=Holidays and Rituals of Jews and Christians|date=5 February 2013|language=English|isbn=978-1481711401|page=193|quote=Lutheran and Orthodox Churches who do not call themselves Roman Catholic Churches have maintained the traditions of the Roman Catholic Church, still celebrate this Day. Even the Protestant Churches like the United Methodist Church all celebrate this day as the All Souls Day and call it All Saints day.}}</ref> The [[Church of the East]] and associated Eastern Catholic churches celebrate All Saints' Day on the first Friday after [[Easter]].<ref name="SMCLIT">{{cite web|url=http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/pdf/Panchangam%20English2016.pdf|title=Syro Malabar Liturgical Calendar 2016}}</ref>
In the Western Christian practice, the [[liturgy|liturgical]] celebration begins at [[Vespers]] on the evening of 31 October, [[All Hallows' Eve]] (All Saints' Eve), and ends at the close of 1 November. It is thus the day before [[All Souls' Day]], which commemorates the faithful departed. In many traditions, All Saints' Day is part of the season of [[Allhallowtide]], which includes the three days from 31 October to 2 November inclusive and in some denominations, such as [[Anglicanism]], extends to [[Remembrance Sunday]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Leslie|first=Frank|title=Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7_QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA539|accessdate=9 April 2014|year=1895|publisher=Frank Leslie Publishing House|page=539|work=Allhallowtide|quote=Just as the term "Eastertide" expresses for us the whole of the church services and ancient customs attached to the festival of Easter, from Palm Sunday until Easter Monday, so does All-hallowtide include for us all the various customs, obsolete and still observed, of Halloween, All Saints' and All Souls' Days. From the 31st of October until the morning of the 3rd of November, this period of three days, known as All-hallowtide, is full of traditional and legendary lore.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=All Saints' Tide|url=http://www.oremus.org/liturgy/pohg/s2a.html|website=Services and Prayers for the Season from All Saints to Candlemas|publisher=[[General Synod of the Church of England]]|quote=For many twentieth-century Christians the All Saints-tide period is extended to include Remembrance Sunday. In the Calendar and Lectionary we have sought to make it easier to observe this without cutting across a developing lectionary pattern, and we have reprinted the form of service approved ecumenically for use on that day.}}</ref> In places where All Saints' Day is observed as a public holiday but All Souls' Day is not, cemetery and grave rituals such as offerings of flowers, candles and prayers or blessings for the graves of loved ones often take place on All Saints Day.<ref name="Hatch1978">{{cite book|last=Hatch|first=Jane M.|title=The American Book of Days|url=https://archive.org/details/americanbookofda00hatc/page/979|accessdate=|year=1978|publisher=Wilson|language=English|isbn=978-0824205935|page=[https://archive.org/details/americanbookofda00hatc/page/979 979]|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="army.mil-toussaint"/><ref name="couleur-toussaint"/><ref name="portugese-american-saints"/> In Austria and Germany, [[godparents]] gift their godchildren [[Allerheiligenstriezel]] (All Saint's Braid) on All Saint's Day,<ref name="Williams2016">{{cite book|last= Williams|first=Victoria|title=Celebrating Life Customs around the World|year=2016|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|language=English|page=979}}</ref> while the practice of [[souling]] remains popular in Portugal.<ref name="Guillain2014">{{cite book|last= Guillain|first=Charlotte |title=Portugal|year=2014|publisher=Capstone|language=English}}</ref> It is a [[public holiday|national holiday]] in many [[Christian state|Christian countries]].
The Christian celebration of All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day stems from a belief that there is a powerful spiritual bond between those in heaven (the "[[Church triumphant]]"), and the living (the "[[Church militant]]"). In [[Catholic]] theology, the day commemorates all those who have attained the [[beatific vision]] in Heaven. In [[Methodist]] theology, All Saints Day revolves around "giving God solemn thanks for the lives and deaths of his [[Saints in Methodism|saints]]", including those who are "famous or obscure".<ref name="Iovino2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.umc.org/what-we-believe/all-saints-day-a-holy-day-john-wesley-loved|title=All Saints Day: A holy day John Wesley loved |last=Iovino|first=Joe|date=28 October 2015|publisher=[[The United Methodist Church]]|language=English|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> As such, individuals throughout the Church Universal are honoured, such as [[Paul the Apostle]], [[Augustine of Hippo]] and [[John Wesley]], in addition to individuals who have personally led one to faith in Jesus, such as one's grandmother or friend.<ref name="Iovino2015" />
==Combined celebrations of All Saints and All Souls==
In some countries, All Saints' Day is a public holiday, but [[All Souls' Day]] is not. Consequently, people visit graves and conduct other All Souls' Day practices on All Saints Day instead. Countries where All Souls' Day traditions are observed on All Saints' Day in this fashion include Belgium,<ref name="army.mil-toussaint">[https://www.army.mil/article/196239/all_saints_day_honors_the_deceased "All Saints' Day honors the deceased", USAG Benelux Public Affairs, November 1, 2017]</ref> Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France,<ref name="couleur-toussaint">[https://www.couleurnature.com/blogs/news/the-flower-of-death "The Flower of Death", Couleur Nature, Paris, 25 July 2011]</ref> Finland, Germany, Guatemala,<ref name="revuemag-guatemala"/> Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, the Philippines,<ref name="guardian-world-saints"/> Poland, Portugal,<ref name="portugese-american-saints">[http://portuguese-american-journal.com/national-holiday-november-1st-is-all-saints-day-%E2%80%93-portugal/ "National holiday: November 1st is All Saints Day – Portugal", ''Portuguese American Journal'', 1 November 2011]</ref> Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, and Sweden.
{{Main|All Souls' Day}}
==In Eastern Europe and Western Asia==
The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], following the Byzantine tradition, commemorates all saints collectively on the Sunday after [[Pentecost]], '''All Saints' Sunday''' (Greek: Ἁγίων Πάντων, ''Agiōn Pantōn'').
By 411 the East Syrians kept the Chaldean Calendar with a "Commemoratio Confessorum" celebrated on the Friday after Easter.<ref name="mershman">{{cite book|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01315a.htm|author=Mershman, Francis|title= "All Saints' Day". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. |publisher=Robert Appleton Company|year= 1907|location=New York|accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> commemoration on the Friday after Easter. The 74th homily of St. [[John Chrysostom]] from the late 4th or early 5th century marks the observance of a feast of all the martyrs on the first Sunday after Pentecost.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints">{{cite book |title=New Catholic Encyclopedia |date=2003 |isbn=0-7876-4004-2 |pages=288–290 |edition=Second}}</ref> Some scholars place the location where this sermon was delivered as [[Constantinople]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Holy Women, Holy Men: Celebrating the Saints|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|isbn=978-0898696783|page=662|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZqabeZvNaMC&pg=PA662|date=2010}}</ref> The [[Byzantine Rite]] still celebrates the Feast of All Saints on the first Sunday after Pentecost.
The Feast of All Saints achieved greater prominence in the 9th century, in the reign of the [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Leo VI the Wise|Leo VI "the Wise"]] (866–911). His wife, Empress [[Theophano Martiniake|Theophano]] lived a devout life. After her death in 893,<ref>The date in ''[[Patriarch Euthymius I of Constantinople|Vita Euthymii]]'', not printed until 1888 "makes it seem practically (though not absolutely) certain that she died on 10 Nov. 893"{{which calendar?|date=November 2019}}.{{harv|Downey|1956|pp=301–305}}</ref> her husband built a church, intending to dedicate it to her. When he was forbidden to do so, he decided to dedicate it to "All Saints", so that if his wife were in fact one of the righteous, she would also be honoured whenever the feast was celebrated.{{sfn|Downey|1956|pp=301–305}} According to tradition, it was Leo who expanded the feast from a commemoration of All Martyrs to a general commemoration of All Saints, whether martyrs or not.
This Sunday marks the close of the [[Paschal cycle|Paschal season]]. To the normal Sunday services are added special scriptural readings and hymns to all the saints (known and unknown) from the [[Pentecostarion]].
In the late spring, the Sunday following Pentecost Saturday (50 days after Easter) is set aside as a commemoration of all locally venerated saints, such as "All Saints of America", "All Saints of [[Mount Athos]]", etc. The third Sunday after Pentecost may be observed for even more localised saints, such as "All Saints of [[St. Petersburg]]", or for saints of a particular type, such as "[[Persecution of Christians#Ottoman Empire and Turkey|New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke]]".
In addition to the Mondays mentioned above, Saturdays throughout the year are days for general commemoration of all saints, and special hymns to all saints are chanted from the [[Octoechos (liturgy)|Octoechos]].
===Lebanon===
The celebration of 1 November in Lebanon as a holiday reflects the influence of Western Catholic orders present in Lebanon and is not [[Maronite]] in origin. The traditional Maronite feast equivalent to the honor of all saints in their liturgical calendar is one of three Sundays in preparation for Lent called the Sunday of the Righteous and the Just. The following Sunday is the Sunday of the Faithful Departed (similar to All Souls Day in Western calendar).
===East Syriac tradition===
In East Syriac tradition the All Saints Day celebration falls on the first Friday after resurrection Sunday.<ref name="SMCLIT" /> This is because all departed faithful are saved by the blood of Jesus and they resurrected with the Christ. Normally in east Syriac liturgy the departed souls are remembered on Friday. Church celebrates All souls day on Friday before the beginning of Great lent or Great Fast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasranifoundation.org/calendar/dr/reflection_9fri_denha.html|title= Commemoration of the Departed Faithful|work=Nasrani Foundation}}</ref>
==In Western Europe, the Americas and the Philippines==
The Christian holiday of All Saints' Day falls on 1 November, followed by [[All Souls' Day]] on 2 November, and is currently a Solemnity in the [[Roman Rite]] of the Catholic Church, a [[Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)|Festival]] in the [[Lutheran Church]]es, as well as a [[Principal Feast]] of the Anglican Communion.
===History===
During the 5th century, [[St. Maximus of Turin]] preached annually on the Sunday after Pentecost, the same day being used in many places in the East, in honor of all martyrs in what is today Northern Italy. The [[Comes of Würzburg]], the earliest existing ecclesiastical reading list, dating to the late 6th or early 7th century in what is today Germany, lists this the Sunday after Pentecost as "dominica in natale sanctorum" or "Sunday of the Nativity of the Saints". By this time, the commemoration had expanded to include all saints whether or not they were martyred.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>
On 13 May 609 or 610, [[Pope Boniface IV]] consecrated the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon at Rome]] to the Blessed Virgin and all the martyrs, ordering an anniversary;<ref name="mershman"/> the feast of the ''dedication Sanctae Mariae ad Martyres'' has been celebrated at Rome ever since. There is evidence that from the 5th to the 7th centuries there existed in certain places and at sporadic intervals a feast date on 13 May to celebrate the holy martyrs.<ref>C. Smith ''The New Catholic Encyclopedia'' 1967: ''s.v.'' "Feast of All Saints", p. 318.</ref> The origin of All Saints' Day cannot be traced with certainty, and it has been observed on various days in different places. However, there are some who maintain the belief that it has origins in the [[Religion in ancient Rome|pagan]] observation of 13 May{{which calendar?|date=November 2019}}, the [[Lemuria (festival)|Feast of the Lemures]], in which the malevolent and restless spirits of the dead were propitiated. Some liturgiologists base the idea that this ''Lemuria'' festival was the origin of that of All Saints on their identical dates and on the similar theme of "all the dead".<ref>For example, Violet Alford ("The Cat Saint", ''Folklore'' '''52'''.3 [September 1941:161–183] p. 181 note 56) observes that "Saints were often confounded with the [[Lares]] or Dead. Repasts for both were prepared in early Christian times, and All Saints' Day was transferred in 835 to November 1st from one of the days in May which were the old Lemuralia"; Alford notes [[Pierre Saintyves]], ''Les saints successeurs des dieux'', Paris 1906 (''sic'', i.e. 1907).</ref> Meanwhile, others consider that 13 May was perhaps deliberately chosen by the Pope because of its celebration already established in the East.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Saunders|first1=William|title=All Saints and All Souls|url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/all-saints-and-all-souls.html|website=catholiceducation.org|accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref>
The feast of All Saints, on its current date, is traced to the foundation by [[Pope Gregory III]] (731–741) of an [[oratory (worship)|oratory]] in [[Old St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter's]] for the relics "of the holy apostles and of all saints, martyrs and confessors, of all the just made perfect who are at rest throughout the world",{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} with the date moved to {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}} and 13 May feast suppressed.<ref>"All Saints' Day", ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'', 3rd edition, ed. E. A. Livingstone (Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], 1997), 41–42; ''The New Catholic Encyclopedia'', ''eo.loc''.</ref> During the late 8th century, lay religious scholar [[Alcuin of York]] used his influence with [[Charlemagne]] to introduce the Irish-Northumbrian celebration of the Feast of All Saints to the [[Frankish Kingdom]].<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-alcuin">{{cite book |title=New Catholic Encyclopedia |date=2003 |isbn=0-7876-4004-2 |pages=242–243 |edition=Second}}</ref> In 798, [[Archbishop]] [[Arno of Salzburg]] called for a festival of all saints on {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}} for Southeast Germany, for which he was subsequently commended by Alucin.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>
The {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}} All Saints Day was made a day of obligation throughout the [[Franks|Frankish]] empire in 835, by a decree of [[Louis the Pious]], issued "at the instance of [[Pope Gregory IV]] and with the assent of all the bishops",{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} which confirmed its celebration on {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}}. Under the rule of Charlemagne and his successors, the Frankish Kingdom expanded into the [[Carolingian Empire]] and subsequently the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
The 9th century Félire Óengusso ("Martyrology of Óengus") by [[Óengus of Tallaght]] attests a {{OldStyleDateNY|April 15|April 20}} celebration in Rome for all the saints of Europe as well as a 1 November celebration in Ireland for all saints.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/> [[Sicard of Cremona]], a scholar who lived in the 12th and 13th centuries, proposed that [[Pope Gregory VII]] (1073–85) suppressed the feast of May 13 in favor of {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}}. By the 12th century, May 13 had been removed from liturgical books.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>
The All Saints [[Octave (liturgy)|octave]] was added by [[Pope Sixtus IV]] (1471–1484).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Both the All Saints vigil and the octave were suppressed by the reforms of 1955.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>
===Proposed connection to Samhain===
{{See also|Samhain}}
Some scholars have proposed that churches in the British Isles began celebrating All Saints on 1 November at the beginning of the 8th century to coincide with or replace the Celtic festival of [[Samhain]]. James Frazer represents this school of thought by arguing that 1 November was chosen because Samhain was the date of the Celtic festival of the dead.<ref>Pseudo-Bede, ''Homiliae subdititiae''; John Hennig, 'The Meaning of All the Saints', ''Mediaeval Studies'' 10 (1948), 147–61.</ref><ref>"All Saints Day", ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'', 3rd edition, ed. E. A. Livingstone (Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], 1997), 41–42; ''The New Catholic Encyclopedia'', ''eo.loc''.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 2856837|title = A Feast of All the Saints of Europe|journal = Speculum|volume = 21|issue = 1|pages = 49–66|last1 = Hennig|first1 = John|year = 1946|doi = 10.2307/2856837}}</ref> Ronald Hutton argues instead that the earliest documentary sources indicate that [[Samhain]] was a harvest festival with no particular ritual connections to the dead. Hutton proposes that 1 November was a Frankish and Germanic rather than a Celtic cultural referent.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hutton | first = Ronald | authorlink = Ronald Hutton | title = Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain | year = 1996 | publisher = Oxford Paperbacks | location = New York | isbn = 0192854488 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/stationsofsunhis0000hutt }}</ref>
===Protestant observances===
The festival was retained after the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] in the calendar of the [[Anglican Church]] and in many [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] churches.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} In the Lutheran churches, such as the [[Church of Sweden]], it assumes a role of general commemoration of the dead. In the [[Holidays in Sweden|Swedish calendar]], the observance takes place on the Saturday between 31 October and 6 November. In many Lutheran Churches, it is moved to the first Sunday of November. In the [[Church of England]], [[mother church]] of the [[Anglican Communion]], it is a [[Principal Feast]] and may be celebrated either on 1 November or on the Sunday between 30 October and 5 November. It is also celebrated by other [[Protestants]] of the English tradition, such as the [[United Church of Canada]], the [[Methodist]] churches and the [[Wesleyan Church]].
Protestants generally commemorate all Christians, living and deceased, on All Saints' Day; if they observe All Saints Day at all, they use it to remember all Christians both past and present. In the [[United Methodist Church]], All Saints' Day is celebrated on the first Sunday in November. It is held, not only to remember Saints, but also to remember all those who have died who were members of the local church congregation. In some congregations, a candle is lit by the [[Acolyte]] as each person's name is called out by the clergy. Prayers and responsive readings may accompany the event. Often, the names of those who have died in the past year are affixed to a memorial plaque.
In many Lutheran churches, All Saints' Day is celebrated the Sunday after Reformation is celebrated (the date for Reformation is 31 October, so Reformation Sunday is celebrated on or before 31 October). In most congregations, the festival is marked as an occasion to remember the dead. The names of those who have died from the congregation within the last year are read during worship and a bell is tolled, a chime is played or a candle is lit for each name read. While the dead are solemnly remembered during worship on All Saints' Sunday, the festival is ultimately a celebration of [[Atonement in Christianity|Christ's victory over death]].
In English-speaking countries, services often include the singing of the traditional hymn "[[For All the Saints]]" by [[Walsham How]]. The most familiar tune for this hymn is ''Sine Nomine'' by [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]. Other hymns that are popularly sung during corporate worship on this day are "[[I Sing a Song of the Saints of God]]" and "[[Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones]]".
==Customs==
[[File:Celebración de Todos los Santos, cementerio de la Santa Cruz, Gniezno, Polonia, 2017-11-01, DD 07-09 HDR.jpg|thumb|250px|All Saints' Day at a cemetery in [[Gniezno]], Poland – flowers and candles placed to honor deceased relatives (2017)]]
===Europe===
====France====
In France, and throughout the [[Francophone]] world, the day is known as ''La Toussaint''. Flowers (especially in [[Chrysanthemum]]s), or wreaths called 'couronnes de toussaints' are placed at each tomb or grave. The following day, 2 November ([[All Souls' Day]]) is called ''Le jour des morts'', the Day of the Dead.<ref name="couleur-toussaint"/>
====Belgium====
In Belgium, "Toussaint" or "Allerheiligen" is a public holiday. Belgians visit the cemeteries to place chrysanthemums on the graves of deceased relatives on All Saints Day, since All Souls is not a holiday.<ref name="army.mil-toussaint"/>
====Portugal====
In Portugal, ''Dia de Todos os Santos'' is a national holiday. Families remember their dead with religious observances and visits to the cemetery. Portuguese children celebrate the ''[[Pão-por-Deus]]'' tradition (also called ''santorinho'', ''bolinho'' or ''fiéis de Deus'') going door-to-door, where they receive cakes, nuts, pomegranates, sweets and candies.<ref name="portugese-american-saints"/>
====Spain====
In Spain, el ''Día de Todos los Santos'' is a national holiday. As in all Hispanic countries, people take flowers to the graves of dead relatives. The play ''[[Don Juan Tenorio]]'' is traditionally performed.<ref>[http://mividaen.sampere.com/all-saints-day-in-spain "All Saints' Day in Spain", Estudio Sampere]</ref>
====Austria and Bavaria====
In Austria and Bavaria it is customary on All Saints' Day for godfathers to give their godchildren ''[[Allerheiligenstriezel]]'', a braided yeast pastry.<ref>[https://metropole.at/austrian-holiday-november-saints-day/ Berger, Corinna. "Your Vienna Guide of All Saints' Day", ''Metropole'', 31 October 2017]</ref>
===The Americas===
In Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and the state of [[Louisiana]], people take flowers to the graves of dead relatives.{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}
====Day of the Dead====
All Saints' Day in Mexico coincides with the first day of the [[Day of the Dead]] (''Día de Muertos'') celebration. It commemorates children who have died (''Dia de los Inocentes'') and the second day celebrates all deceased adults.<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/daily-southtown/news/ct-sta-day-of-the-dead-st-1101-20151030-story.html Trebe, Patricia. "Mexican-Americans to celebrate Day of the Dead", ''Chicago Tribune'', 30 October 2015]</ref>
====Guatemala====
[[File:Barrilete (Sumpango 2009).jpg|thumb|Giant kite (''barrilete'') at [[Sumpango, Sacatepéquez|Sumpango]], Guatemala.]]
In Guatemala, All Saints' Day is a national holiday. On that day Guatemalans make a special meal called ''fiambre'' which is made of cold meats and vegetables; it is customary to visit cemeteries and to leave some of the ''fiambre'' for their dead. It is also customary to fly kites to help unite the dead with the living. There are festivals in towns like [[Santiago Sacatepéquez]] and [[Sumpango, Sacatepéquez|Sumpango]], where giant colorful kites are flown.<ref name="revuemag-guatemala">[http://www.revuemag.com/2012/11/all-saints-day-in-guatemala-a-photographic-essay/ Mijangos, Nelo. "All Saints Day in Guatemala", ''Revue'', 2 November 2012]</ref>
====Halloween====
In the United States and Canada, [[Halloween]] is celebrated in connection with All Saints' Day,<ref>{{cite journal|year=1973|title=NEDCO Producers' Guide|publisher=Northeast Dairy Cooperative Federation|volume=31–33|quote=Originally celebrated as the night before All Saints' Day, Christians chose November first to honor their many saints. The night before was called All Saints' Eve or hallowed eve meaning holy evening.}}</ref> although celebrations are generally limited to 31 October. During the 20th century the observance largely became a secular one, although some Christian groups have continued to embrace the Christian origins of the holiday whereas others (typically [[Protestant]] groups) have rejected celebrations.<ref name="russo">''Halloween: What's a Christian to Do?'' (1998) by Steve Russo.</ref><ref name="Brandreth">Gyles Brandreth, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20071011093730/http://telegraph.co.uk/health/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fhealth%2F2000%2F11%2F03%2Ftldevl03.xml&page=1 The Devil is gaining ground]" ''The Sunday Telegraph'' (London), 11 March 2000.</ref> On Halloween night, children dress in [[Halloween costume|costumes]] and go door to door asking for candy in a practice known as [[trick-or-treating]],<ref name=Britannica>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Halloween|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252875/Halloween|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=25 October 2012|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030150155/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252875/Halloween|archivedate=30 October 2012}}</ref> while adults may host costume parties. There are many popular customs associated with Halloween, including carving a [[pumpkin]] into a [[Jack-o'-lantern]] and [[apple bobbing]].<ref name="Fieldhouse2017p256">{{cite book|author= Paul Fieldhouse|title=Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions|date=17 April 2017|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|page=256|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-FqDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA256|isbn=9781610694124}}</ref> Halloween is not a [[public holiday]] in either the United States or Canada.
===Philippines===
Hallow-mas in the Philippines is variously called "''Undás''", "''Todos los Santos''" (Spanish, "All Saints"), and sometimes "''Araw ng mga Patay / Yumao''" ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], "Day of the dead / those who have passed away"), which incorporates All Saints' Day and [[All Souls' Day]]. Filipinos traditionally observe this day by visiting the family dead to clean and repair their tombs. Offerings of prayers, flowers, candles,<ref name="guardian-world-saints">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2010/nov/01/all-saints-day "All Saints Day around the world", ''Guardian Weekly'', 1 November 2010]</ref> and food. [[Chinese Filipinos]] additionally burn [[joss stick|incense]] and ''[[joss paper|kim]]''. Many also spend the day and ensuing night holding reunions at the cemetery with feasts and merriment.
====Pangangaluluwa trick-or-treat traditions====
Though Halloween has usually been seen as an American influence in the Philippines, the country's trick-or-treat traditions during Undas (from the Spanish "Honras", meaning honours, as in "with honors") are actually much older. This tradition was derived from the pre-colonial tradition called pangangaluwa. Pangangaluluwa (from "kaluluwa" or spirit double) was a practice of early Filipinos who sang from house to house swathed in blankets pretending to be ghosts of ancestors. If the owner of the house failed to give biko or rice cakes to the "nangangaluluwa", the "spirits" would play tricks (try to steal slippers or other objects left outside the house by members of the family or run off with the owner's chickens). Pangangaluluwa practices are still seen in rural areas.
====Cemetery and reunion practices====
During Undas, family members visit the cemetery where the body of the loved ones rest. It is believed that by going to the cemetery and offering food, candles, flowers, and sometimes incense sticks, the spirit of the loved one is remembered and appeased. Contrary to common belief, this visitation practice is not an imported tradition. Prior to the establishment of coffins, pre-colonial Filipinos were already practicing such a tradition of visiting burial caves throughout the archipelago as confirmed by a research conducted by the [[University of the Philippines]]. The tradition of "atang" or "hain" is also practiced, where food and other offerings are placed near the grave site. If the family cannot go to the grave site, a specific area in the house is provided for the offering.
The exact date of Undas today, 1 November, is not a pre-colonial observance date but an influence from Mexico, where the same day is known as the Day of the Dead. Pre-colonial Filipinos preferred going to the burial caves of the departed occasionally as they believed that aswang (half-vampire half-werewolf beings) would take the corpse of the dead if the body was not properly guarded. The protection of the body of the loved one is called "paglalamay". However, in some communities, this paglalamay tradition is non-existent and is replaced by other pre-colonial traditions unique to each community.
The Undas is also seen as a family reunion, where family members coming from various regions go back to their hometown to visit the grave of loved ones. Family members are expected to remain beside the grave for the entire day and socialize with each other to mend bonds and enhance family relations. In some cases, family members going to certain burial sites exceed one hundred people. Fighting in any form is prohibited during Undas.
====Roles of children====
Children have important roles during Undas. Children are allowed to play with melted candles in front of grave sites and turn the melted wax from the candles into round wax balls. The round balls of wax symbolize the affirmation that everything goes back to where it began, as the living will go back to ash, where everything started. In some cases, families also light candles at the front door of the home. The number of candles is equivalent to the number of departed loved ones. It is believed that this tradition aids departed loved ones and provide them with a happy path to the afterlife.<ref>http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/386063/contemporary-undas-practices-derived-from-pre-colonial-influence-beliefs-cultural-anthropologist/story/</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2013/10/31/1251413/undas-filipino-culture | title=Undas in Filipino culture | newspaper=The Philippine Star | date=31 October 2013 | first=Elfren S. | last=Cruz | accessdate=17 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/the-latest-news-features/64114/10-things-pinoys-do-during-undas | title=10 Things Pinoys Do During Undas | date=29 October 2015 | first=Mimi | last=Miaco | publisher=Spot | accessdate=6 December 2018 }}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Christianity}}
* [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]] which occurred on this day and had a great effect on society and philosophy
* [[Portal:Catholicism/Patron Archive/November 1|All Saints' Day, patron saint archive]]
* [[International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church]]
* [[Dziady]]
* [[Irish calendar]]
* [[Litany of the Saints]]
* [[Veneration of the dead]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
;Attribution
* {{EB1911|wstitle=All Saints, Festival of |volume=1}}
==Further reading==
* Langgärtner, Georg. "All Saints' Day". In ''The Encyclopedia of Christianity'', edited by Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, 41. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999. {{ISBN|0802824137}}.
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120614191007/http%3A//www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/faqs.aspx All Saints and All Souls Day] American Catholic
* [http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/sermalls.htm All Saints Sunday] Orthodox England
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130530213122/http://www.liturgy.co.nz/churchyear/allsaintsvigil.html A Vigil service for All Saints] All Hallows' E'en – "Halloween"
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070614033937/http://www.transfigcathedral.org/faith/Bulgakov/0621.pdf First Sunday after Pentecost, or All Saints Sunday] by Sergei Bulgakov, ''Handbook for Church Servers''
* [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=48 Synaxis of All Saints] Icon and [[Synaxarion]] of the feast
{{Hallowtide}}
{{Liturgical year of the Catholic Church}}
{{Halloween}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Allhallowtide]]
[[Category:Christian saints]]
[[Category:November observances]]
[[Category:Observances honoring the dead]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Croatia]]'
|
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) |
'{{Redirect|The Feast of All Saints|the 1978 novel by Anne Rice|The Feast of All Saints (novel)}}
{{short description|Christian feast day}}asts for both were prepared in early Christian times, and All Saints' Day was transferred in 835 to November 1st from one of the days in May which were the old Lemuralia"; Alford notes [[Pierre Saintyves]], ''Les saints successeurs des dieux'', Paris 1906 (''sic'', i.e. 1907).</ref> Meanwhile, others consider that 13 May was perhaps deliberately chosen by the Pope because of its celebration already established in the East.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Saunders|first1=William|title=All Saints and All Souls|url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/all-saints-and-all-souls.html|website=catholiceducation.org|accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref>
The feast of All Saints, on its current date, is traced to the foundation by [[Pope Gregory III]] (731–741) of an [[oratory (worship)|oratory]] in [[Old St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter's]] for the relics "of the holy apostles and of all saints, martyrs and confessors, of all the just made perfect who are at rest throughout the world",{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} with the date moved to {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}} and 13 May feast suppressed.<ref>"All Saints' Day", ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'', 3rd edition, ed. E. A. Livingstone (Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], 1997), 41–42; ''The New Catholic Encyclopedia'', ''eo.loc''.</ref> During the late 8th century, lay religious scholar [[Alcuin of York]] used his influence with [[Charlemagne]] to introduce the Irish-Northumbrian celebration of the Feast of All Saints to the [[Frankish Kingdom]].<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-alcuin">{{cite book |title=New Catholic Encyclopedia |date=2003 |isbn=0-7876-4004-2 |pages=242–243 |edition=Second}}</ref> In 798, [[Archbishop]] [[Arno of Salzburg]] called for a festival of all saints on {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}} for Southeast Germany, for which he was subsequently commended by Alucin.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>
The {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}} All Saints Day was made a day of obligation throughout the [[Franks|Frankish]] empire in 835, by a decree of [[Louis the Pious]], issued "at the instance of [[Pope Gregory IV]] and with the assent of all the bishops",{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} which confirmed its celebration on {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}}. Under the rule of Charlemagne and his successors, the Frankish Kingdom expanded into the [[Carolingian Empire]] and subsequently the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
The 9th century Félire Óengusso ("Martyrology of Óengus") by [[Óengus of Tallaght]] attests a {{OldStyleDateNY|April 15|April 20}} celebration in Rome for all the saints of Europe as well as a 1 November celebration in Ireland for all saints.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/> [[Sicard of Cremona]], a scholar who lived in the 12th and 13th centuries, proposed that [[Pope Gregory VII]] (1073–85) suppressed the feast of May 13 in favor of {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}}. By the 12th century, May 13 had been removed from liturgical books.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>
The All Saints [[Octave (liturgy)|octave]] was added by [[Pope Sixtus IV]] (1471–1484).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Both the All Saints vigil and the octave were suppressed by the reforms of 1955.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>
===Proposed connection to Samhain===
{{See also|Samhain}}
Some scholars have proposed that churches in the British Isles began celebrating All Saints on 1 November at the beginning of the 8th century to coincide with or replace the Celtic festival of [[Samhain]]. James Frazer represents this school of thought by arguing that 1 November was chosen because Samhain was the date of the Celtic festival of the dead.<ref>Pseudo-Bede, ''Homiliae subdititiae''; John Hennig, 'The Meaning of All the Saints', ''Mediaeval Studies'' 10 (1948), 147–61.</ref><ref>"All Saints Day", ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'', 3rd edition, ed. E. A. Livingstone (Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], 1997), 41–42; ''The New Catholic Encyclopedia'', ''eo.loc''.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 2856837|title = A Feast of All the Saints of Europe|journal = Speculum|volume = 21|issue = 1|pages = 49–66|last1 = Hennig|first1 = John|year = 1946|doi = 10.2307/2856837}}</ref> Ronald Hutton argues instead that the earliest documentary sources indicate that [[Samhain]] was a harvest festival with no particular ritual connections to the dead. Hutton proposes that 1 November was a Frankish and Germanic rather than a Celtic cultural referent.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hutton | first = Ronald | authorlink = Ronald Hutton | title = Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain | year = 1996 | publisher = Oxford Paperbacks | location = New York | isbn = 0192854488 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/stationsofsunhis0000hutt }}</ref>
===Protestant observances===
The festival was retained after the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] in the calendar of the [[Anglican Church]] and in many [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] churches.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} In the Lutheran churches, such as the [[Church of Sweden]], it assumes a role of general commemoration of the dead. In the [[Holidays in Sweden|Swedish calendar]], the observance takes place on the Saturday between 31 October and 6 November. In many Lutheran Churches, it is moved to the first Sunday of November. In the [[Church of England]], [[mother church]] of the [[Anglican Communion]], it is a [[Principal Feast]] and may be celebrated either on 1 November or on the Sunday between 30 October and 5 November. It is also celebrated by other [[Protestants]] of the English tradition, such as the [[United Church of Canada]], the [[Methodist]] churches and the [[Wesleyan Church]].
Protestants generally commemorate all Christians, living and deceased, on All Saints' Day; if they observe All Saints Day at all, they use it to remember all Christians both past and present. In the [[United Methodist Church]], All Saints' Day is celebrated on the first Sunday in November. It is held, not only to remember Saints, but also to remember all those who have died who were members of the local church congregation. In some congregations, a candle is lit by the [[Acolyte]] as each person's name is called out by the clergy. Prayers and responsive readings may accompany the event. Often, the names of those who have died in the past year are affixed to a memorial plaque.
In many Lutheran churches, All Saints' Day is celebrated the Sunday after Reformation is celebrated (the date for Reformation is 31 October, so Reformation Sunday is celebrated on or before 31 October). In most congregations, the festival is marked as an occasion to remember the dead. The names of those who have died from the congregation within the last year are read during worship and a bell is tolled, a chime is played or a candle is lit for each name read. While the dead are solemnly remembered during worship on All Saints' Sunday, the festival is ultimately a celebration of [[Atonement in Christianity|Christ's victory over death]].
In English-speaking countries, services often include the singing of the traditional hymn "[[For All the Saints]]" by [[Walsham How]]. The most familiar tune for this hymn is ''Sine Nomine'' by [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]. Other hymns that are popularly sung during corporate worship on this day are "[[I Sing a Song of the Saints of God]]" and "[[Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones]]".
==Customs==
[[File:Celebración de Todos los Santos, cementerio de la Santa Cruz, Gniezno, Polonia, 2017-11-01, DD 07-09 HDR.jpg|thumb|250px|All Saints' Day at a cemetery in [[Gniezno]], Poland – flowers and candles placed to honor deceased relatives (2017)]]
===Europe===
====France====
In France, and throughout the [[Francophone]] world, the day is known as ''La Toussaint''. Flowers (especially in [[Chrysanthemum]]s), or wreaths called 'couronnes de toussaints' are placed at each tomb or grave. The following day, 2 November ([[All Souls' Day]]) is called ''Le jour des morts'', the Day of the Dead.<ref name="couleur-toussaint"/>
====Belgium====
In Belgium, "Toussaint" or "Allerheiligen" is a public holiday. Belgians visit the cemeteries to place chrysanthemums on the graves of deceased relatives on All Saints Day, since All Souls is not a holiday.<ref name="army.mil-toussaint"/>
====Portugal====
In Portugal, ''Dia de Todos os Santos'' is a national holiday. Families remember their dead with religious observances and visits to the cemetery. Portuguese children celebrate the ''[[Pão-por-Deus]]'' tradition (also called ''santorinho'', ''bolinho'' or ''fiéis de Deus'') going door-to-door, where they receive cakes, nuts, pomegranates, sweets and candies.<ref name="portugese-american-saints"/>
====Spain====
In Spain, el ''Día de Todos los Santos'' is a national holiday. As in all Hispanic countries, people take flowers to the graves of dead relatives. The play ''[[Don Juan Tenorio]]'' is traditionally performed.<ref>[http://mividaen.sampere.com/all-saints-day-in-spain "All Saints' Day in Spain", Estudio Sampere]</ref>
====Austria and Bavaria====
In Austria and Bavaria it is customary on All Saints' Day for godfathers to give their godchildren ''[[Allerheiligenstriezel]]'', a braided yeast pastry.<ref>[https://metropole.at/austrian-holiday-november-saints-day/ Berger, Corinna. "Your Vienna Guide of All Saints' Day", ''Metropole'', 31 October 2017]</ref>
===The Americas===
In Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and the state of [[Louisiana]], people take flowers to the graves of dead relatives.{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}
====Day of the Dead====
All Saints' Day in Mexico coincides with the first day of the [[Day of the Dead]] (''Día de Muertos'') celebration. It commemorates children who have died (''Dia de los Inocentes'') and the second day celebrates all deceased adults.<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/daily-southtown/news/ct-sta-day-of-the-dead-st-1101-20151030-story.html Trebe, Patricia. "Mexican-Americans to celebrate Day of the Dead", ''Chicago Tribune'', 30 October 2015]</ref>
====Guatemala====
[[File:Barrilete (Sumpango 2009).jpg|thumb|Giant kite (''barrilete'') at [[Sumpango, Sacatepéquez|Sumpango]], Guatemala.]]
In Guatemala, All Saints' Day is a national holiday. On that day Guatemalans make a special meal called ''fiambre'' which is made of cold meats and vegetables; it is customary to visit cemeteries and to leave some of the ''fiambre'' for their dead. It is also customary to fly kites to help unite the dead with the living. There are festivals in towns like [[Santiago Sacatepéquez]] and [[Sumpango, Sacatepéquez|Sumpango]], where giant colorful kites are flown.<ref name="revuemag-guatemala">[http://www.revuemag.com/2012/11/all-saints-day-in-guatemala-a-photographic-essay/ Mijangos, Nelo. "All Saints Day in Guatemala", ''Revue'', 2 November 2012]</ref>
====Halloween====
In the United States and Canada, [[Halloween]] is celebrated in connection with All Saints' Day,<ref>{{cite journal|year=1973|title=NEDCO Producers' Guide|publisher=Northeast Dairy Cooperative Federation|volume=31–33|quote=Originally celebrated as the night before All Saints' Day, Christians chose November first to honor their many saints. The night before was called All Saints' Eve or hallowed eve meaning holy evening.}}</ref> although celebrations are generally limited to 31 October. During the 20th century the observance largely became a secular one, although some Christian groups have continued to embrace the Christian origins of the holiday whereas others (typically [[Protestant]] groups) have rejected celebrations.<ref name="russo">''Halloween: What's a Christian to Do?'' (1998) by Steve Russo.</ref><ref name="Brandreth">Gyles Brandreth, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20071011093730/http://telegraph.co.uk/health/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fhealth%2F2000%2F11%2F03%2Ftldevl03.xml&page=1 The Devil is gaining ground]" ''The Sunday Telegraph'' (London), 11 March 2000.</ref> On Halloween night, children dress in [[Halloween costume|costumes]] and go door to door asking for candy in a practice known as [[trick-or-treating]],<ref name=Britannica>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Halloween|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252875/Halloween|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=25 October 2012|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030150155/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252875/Halloween|archivedate=30 October 2012}}</ref> while adults may host costume parties. There are many popular customs associated with Halloween, including carving a [[pumpkin]] into a [[Jack-o'-lantern]] and [[apple bobbing]].<ref name="Fieldhouse2017p256">{{cite book|author= Paul Fieldhouse|title=Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions|date=17 April 2017|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|page=256|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P-FqDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA256|isbn=9781610694124}}</ref> Halloween is not a [[public holiday]] in either the United States or Canada.
===Philippines===
Hallow-mas in the Philippines is variously called "''Undás''", "''Todos los Santos''" (Spanish, "All Saints"), and sometimes "''Araw ng mga Patay / Yumao''" ([[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], "Day of the dead / those who have passed away"), which incorporates All Saints' Day and [[All Souls' Day]]. Filipinos traditionally observe this day by visiting the family dead to clean and repair their tombs. Offerings of prayers, flowers, candles,<ref name="guardian-world-saints">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2010/nov/01/all-saints-day "All Saints Day around the world", ''Guardian Weekly'', 1 November 2010]</ref> and food. [[Chinese Filipinos]] additionally burn [[joss stick|incense]] and ''[[joss paper|kim]]''. Many also spend the day and ensuing night holding reunions at the cemetery with feasts and merriment.
====Pangangaluluwa trick-or-treat traditions====
Though Halloween has usually been seen as an American influence in the Philippines, the country's trick-or-treat traditions during Undas (from the Spanish "Honras", meaning honours, as in "with honors") are actually much older. This tradition was derived from the pre-colonial tradition called pangangaluwa. Pangangaluluwa (from "kaluluwa" or spirit double) was a practice of early Filipinos who sang from house to house swathed in blankets pretending to be ghosts of ancestors. If the owner of the house failed to give biko or rice cakes to the "nangangaluluwa", the "spirits" would play tricks (try to steal slippers or other objects left outside the house by members of the family or run off with the owner's chickens). Pangangaluluwa practices are still seen in rural areas.
====Cemetery and reunion practices====
During Undas, family members visit the cemetery where the body of the loved ones rest. It is believed that by going to the cemetery and offering food, candles, flowers, and sometimes incense sticks, the spirit of the loved one is remembered and appeased. Contrary to common belief, this visitation practice is not an imported tradition. Prior to the establishment of coffins, pre-colonial Filipinos were already practicing such a tradition of visiting burial caves throughout the archipelago as confirmed by a research conducted by the [[University of the Philippines]]. The tradition of "atang" or "hain" is also practiced, where food and other offerings are placed near the grave site. If the family cannot go to the grave site, a specific area in the house is provided for the offering.
The exact date of Undas today, 1 November, is not a pre-colonial observance date but an influence from Mexico, where the same day is known as the Day of the Dead. Pre-colonial Filipinos preferred going to the burial caves of the departed occasionally as they believed that aswang (half-vampire half-werewolf beings) would take the corpse of the dead if the body was not properly guarded. The protection of the body of the loved one is called "paglalamay". However, in some communities, this paglalamay tradition is non-existent and is replaced by other pre-colonial traditions unique to each community.
The Undas is also seen as a family reunion, where family members coming from various regions go back to their hometown to visit the grave of loved ones. Family members are expected to remain beside the grave for the entire day and socialize with each other to mend bonds and enhance family relations. In some cases, family members going to certain burial sites exceed one hundred people. Fighting in any form is prohibited during Undas.
====Roles of children====
Children have important roles during Undas. Children are allowed to play with melted candles in front of grave sites and turn the melted wax from the candles into round wax balls. The round balls of wax symbolize the affirmation that everything goes back to where it began, as the living will go back to ash, where everything started. In some cases, families also light candles at the front door of the home. The number of candles is equivalent to the number of departed loved ones. It is believed that this tradition aids departed loved ones and provide them with a happy path to the afterlife.<ref>http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/386063/contemporary-undas-practices-derived-from-pre-colonial-influence-beliefs-cultural-anthropologist/story/</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2013/10/31/1251413/undas-filipino-culture | title=Undas in Filipino culture | newspaper=The Philippine Star | date=31 October 2013 | first=Elfren S. | last=Cruz | accessdate=17 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/the-latest-news-features/64114/10-things-pinoys-do-during-undas | title=10 Things Pinoys Do During Undas | date=29 October 2015 | first=Mimi | last=Miaco | publisher=Spot | accessdate=6 December 2018 }}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal|Christianity}}
* [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]] which occurred on this day and had a great effect on society and philosophy
* [[Portal:Catholicism/Patron Archive/November 1|All Saints' Day, patron saint archive]]
* [[International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church]]
* [[Dziady]]
* [[Irish calendar]]
* [[Litany of the Saints]]
* [[Veneration of the dead]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
;Attribution
* {{EB1911|wstitle=All Saints, Festival of |volume=1}}
==Further reading==
* Langgärtner, Georg. "All Saints' Day". In ''The Encyclopedia of Christianity'', edited by Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, 41. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999. {{ISBN|0802824137}}.
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120614191007/http%3A//www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/faqs.aspx All Saints and All Souls Day] American Catholic
* [http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/sermalls.htm All Saints Sunday] Orthodox England
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130530213122/http://www.liturgy.co.nz/churchyear/allsaintsvigil.html A Vigil service for All Saints] All Hallows' E'en – "Halloween"
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070614033937/http://www.transfigcathedral.org/faith/Bulgakov/0621.pdf First Sunday after Pentecost, or All Saints Sunday] by Sergei Bulgakov, ''Handbook for Church Servers''
* [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=48 Synaxis of All Saints] Icon and [[Synaxarion]] of the feast
{{Hallowtide}}
{{Liturgical year of the Catholic Church}}
{{Halloween}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Allhallowtide]]
[[Category:Christian saints]]
[[Category:November observances]]
[[Category:Observances honoring the dead]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Croatia]]'
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{{Redirect|The Feast of All Saints|the 1978 novel by Anne Rice|The Feast of All Saints (novel)}}
-{{short description|Christian feast day}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
-{{Infobox holiday
-|holiday_name=All Saints' Day
-|type=Christian
-|image=All-Saints.jpg
-|imagesize=300px
-|caption=Painting of various saints by [[Fra Angelico]]
-|nickname=All Hallows' Day, Hallowmas
-|observedby= {{Plainlist|
-* [[Catholic Church]]
-* [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]
-* [[Lutheran Church]]es<ref>{{cite book |last=Marty |first=Martin E. |title=Lutheran questions, Lutheran answers: exploring Christian faith |year=2007 |publisher=[[Augsburg Fortress]] |location=Minneapolis |isbn=978-0806653501 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPRSDFqD-fwC&pg=PA127|authorlink=Martin E. Marty |quote=All Lutherans celebrate All Saints Day, and many sing, 'For all the saints, who from their labors rest…' |accessdate=2 November 2011 |page=127}}</ref>
-* [[Anglican Communion]]
-* [[Methodist Church]]es<ref>{{cite book |author=Willimon, William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCRga-tv8U4C&q=Saints+%2B+Methodism&pg=PA64 |title=United Methodist Beliefs |page=64 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-1611640618 |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref>
-* [[Reformed Church]]es
-* [[Philippine Independent Church]]
-* Other Christian denominations
-}}
-|litcolor=White (Western Christianity)<br>Green (Eastern Christianity)
-|date=[[November 1|1 November]] (Western Christianity)<br/>Sunday after Pentecost (Eastern Christianity)
-|celebrations=
-|duration= 2 day
-|frequency=annual
-|observances=[[Service of worship|Church services]], [[praying for the dead]], visiting [[cemeteries]], eating [[soul cakes]]
-|relatedto={{Plainlist|
-* [[Allhallowtide]] ([[Hallowe'en]] 31 October, [[All Souls' Day]] 2 November)
-* [[Totensonntag]]
-* [[Day of the Dead]]
-* [[Saint]]s
-}}
-}}
-
-'''All Saints' Day''', also known as '''All Hallows' Day''', '''Hallowmas''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://langs.eserver.org/shakespeare-glossary.txt|title=Shakespearian Glossary|access-date=10 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423155308/http://langs.eserver.org/shakespeare-glossary.txt|archive-date=23 April 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ta6SAgAAQBAJ&q=shakespeare+hallowmas&pg=PT307|title=The Shakespeare Name Dictionary |publisher=Routledge |date=2004 |isbn=978-1135875718 |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> the '''Feast of All Saints''',<ref>{{cite book|title=The Anglican Service Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jN4wspXqHBkC&pg=PA676|accessdate=3 November 2012|date=1 September 1991|publisher=Good Shepherd Press|isbn=978-0962995507|page=677}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco]]|title=Homily on the Feast of All Saints of Russia|url=http://www.russianorthodox-stl.org/all_saints_russia.html|website=St. John Chrysostom Orthodox Church}}</ref> or '''Solemnity of All Saints''',<ref>Roman Missal</ref> is a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[solemnity]] celebrated in honour of all the [[saint]]s, known and unknown. In [[Western Christianity]], it is celebrated on November 1 by the [[Latin Church|Roman Catholic Church]], the [[Anglican Communion]], the [[Methodist Church]], the [[Philippine Independent Church]] (Iglesia Filipina Independiente), the [[Church of the Nazarene]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefoundrypublishing.com/celebrations-and-observances-of-the-church-year-9780834124332.html|title=Celebrations and Observances of the Church Year|website=www.thefoundrypublishing.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> the [[Lutheran Church]], the [[Reformed Church]], and other Protestant churches. November 1 is also the day before [[All Souls' Day]]. The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and associated [[Eastern Catholic]] and [[Byzantine Rite Lutheranism|Byzantine Lutheran churches]] celebrate it on the first Sunday after [[Pentecost]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sidhu|first1=Salatiel|last2=Baldovin|first2=John Francis|title=Holidays and Rituals of Jews and Christians|date=5 February 2013|language=English|isbn=978-1481711401|page=193|quote=Lutheran and Orthodox Churches who do not call themselves Roman Catholic Churches have maintained the traditions of the Roman Catholic Church, still celebrate this Day. Even the Protestant Churches like the United Methodist Church all celebrate this day as the All Souls Day and call it All Saints day.}}</ref> The [[Church of the East]] and associated Eastern Catholic churches celebrate All Saints' Day on the first Friday after [[Easter]].<ref name="SMCLIT">{{cite web|url=http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/pdf/Panchangam%20English2016.pdf|title=Syro Malabar Liturgical Calendar 2016}}</ref>
-
-In the Western Christian practice, the [[liturgy|liturgical]] celebration begins at [[Vespers]] on the evening of 31 October, [[All Hallows' Eve]] (All Saints' Eve), and ends at the close of 1 November. It is thus the day before [[All Souls' Day]], which commemorates the faithful departed. In many traditions, All Saints' Day is part of the season of [[Allhallowtide]], which includes the three days from 31 October to 2 November inclusive and in some denominations, such as [[Anglicanism]], extends to [[Remembrance Sunday]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Leslie|first=Frank|title=Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7_QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA539|accessdate=9 April 2014|year=1895|publisher=Frank Leslie Publishing House|page=539|work=Allhallowtide|quote=Just as the term "Eastertide" expresses for us the whole of the church services and ancient customs attached to the festival of Easter, from Palm Sunday until Easter Monday, so does All-hallowtide include for us all the various customs, obsolete and still observed, of Halloween, All Saints' and All Souls' Days. From the 31st of October until the morning of the 3rd of November, this period of three days, known as All-hallowtide, is full of traditional and legendary lore.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=All Saints' Tide|url=http://www.oremus.org/liturgy/pohg/s2a.html|website=Services and Prayers for the Season from All Saints to Candlemas|publisher=[[General Synod of the Church of England]]|quote=For many twentieth-century Christians the All Saints-tide period is extended to include Remembrance Sunday. In the Calendar and Lectionary we have sought to make it easier to observe this without cutting across a developing lectionary pattern, and we have reprinted the form of service approved ecumenically for use on that day.}}</ref> In places where All Saints' Day is observed as a public holiday but All Souls' Day is not, cemetery and grave rituals such as offerings of flowers, candles and prayers or blessings for the graves of loved ones often take place on All Saints Day.<ref name="Hatch1978">{{cite book|last=Hatch|first=Jane M.|title=The American Book of Days|url=https://archive.org/details/americanbookofda00hatc/page/979|accessdate=|year=1978|publisher=Wilson|language=English|isbn=978-0824205935|page=[https://archive.org/details/americanbookofda00hatc/page/979 979]|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="army.mil-toussaint"/><ref name="couleur-toussaint"/><ref name="portugese-american-saints"/> In Austria and Germany, [[godparents]] gift their godchildren [[Allerheiligenstriezel]] (All Saint's Braid) on All Saint's Day,<ref name="Williams2016">{{cite book|last= Williams|first=Victoria|title=Celebrating Life Customs around the World|year=2016|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|language=English|page=979}}</ref> while the practice of [[souling]] remains popular in Portugal.<ref name="Guillain2014">{{cite book|last= Guillain|first=Charlotte |title=Portugal|year=2014|publisher=Capstone|language=English}}</ref> It is a [[public holiday|national holiday]] in many [[Christian state|Christian countries]].
-
-The Christian celebration of All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day stems from a belief that there is a powerful spiritual bond between those in heaven (the "[[Church triumphant]]"), and the living (the "[[Church militant]]"). In [[Catholic]] theology, the day commemorates all those who have attained the [[beatific vision]] in Heaven. In [[Methodist]] theology, All Saints Day revolves around "giving God solemn thanks for the lives and deaths of his [[Saints in Methodism|saints]]", including those who are "famous or obscure".<ref name="Iovino2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.umc.org/what-we-believe/all-saints-day-a-holy-day-john-wesley-loved|title=All Saints Day: A holy day John Wesley loved |last=Iovino|first=Joe|date=28 October 2015|publisher=[[The United Methodist Church]]|language=English|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> As such, individuals throughout the Church Universal are honoured, such as [[Paul the Apostle]], [[Augustine of Hippo]] and [[John Wesley]], in addition to individuals who have personally led one to faith in Jesus, such as one's grandmother or friend.<ref name="Iovino2015" />
-
-==Combined celebrations of All Saints and All Souls==
-In some countries, All Saints' Day is a public holiday, but [[All Souls' Day]] is not. Consequently, people visit graves and conduct other All Souls' Day practices on All Saints Day instead. Countries where All Souls' Day traditions are observed on All Saints' Day in this fashion include Belgium,<ref name="army.mil-toussaint">[https://www.army.mil/article/196239/all_saints_day_honors_the_deceased "All Saints' Day honors the deceased", USAG Benelux Public Affairs, November 1, 2017]</ref> Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France,<ref name="couleur-toussaint">[https://www.couleurnature.com/blogs/news/the-flower-of-death "The Flower of Death", Couleur Nature, Paris, 25 July 2011]</ref> Finland, Germany, Guatemala,<ref name="revuemag-guatemala"/> Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, the Philippines,<ref name="guardian-world-saints"/> Poland, Portugal,<ref name="portugese-american-saints">[http://portuguese-american-journal.com/national-holiday-november-1st-is-all-saints-day-%E2%80%93-portugal/ "National holiday: November 1st is All Saints Day – Portugal", ''Portuguese American Journal'', 1 November 2011]</ref> Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, and Sweden.
-{{Main|All Souls' Day}}
-
-==In Eastern Europe and Western Asia==
-
-The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], following the Byzantine tradition, commemorates all saints collectively on the Sunday after [[Pentecost]], '''All Saints' Sunday''' (Greek: Ἁγίων Πάντων, ''Agiōn Pantōn'').
-
-By 411 the East Syrians kept the Chaldean Calendar with a "Commemoratio Confessorum" celebrated on the Friday after Easter.<ref name="mershman">{{cite book|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01315a.htm|author=Mershman, Francis|title= "All Saints' Day". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. |publisher=Robert Appleton Company|year= 1907|location=New York|accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> commemoration on the Friday after Easter. The 74th homily of St. [[John Chrysostom]] from the late 4th or early 5th century marks the observance of a feast of all the martyrs on the first Sunday after Pentecost.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints">{{cite book |title=New Catholic Encyclopedia |date=2003 |isbn=0-7876-4004-2 |pages=288–290 |edition=Second}}</ref> Some scholars place the location where this sermon was delivered as [[Constantinople]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Holy Women, Holy Men: Celebrating the Saints|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|isbn=978-0898696783|page=662|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZqabeZvNaMC&pg=PA662|date=2010}}</ref> The [[Byzantine Rite]] still celebrates the Feast of All Saints on the first Sunday after Pentecost.
-
-The Feast of All Saints achieved greater prominence in the 9th century, in the reign of the [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Leo VI the Wise|Leo VI "the Wise"]] (866–911). His wife, Empress [[Theophano Martiniake|Theophano]] lived a devout life. After her death in 893,<ref>The date in ''[[Patriarch Euthymius I of Constantinople|Vita Euthymii]]'', not printed until 1888 "makes it seem practically (though not absolutely) certain that she died on 10 Nov. 893"{{which calendar?|date=November 2019}}.{{harv|Downey|1956|pp=301–305}}</ref> her husband built a church, intending to dedicate it to her. When he was forbidden to do so, he decided to dedicate it to "All Saints", so that if his wife were in fact one of the righteous, she would also be honoured whenever the feast was celebrated.{{sfn|Downey|1956|pp=301–305}} According to tradition, it was Leo who expanded the feast from a commemoration of All Martyrs to a general commemoration of All Saints, whether martyrs or not.
-
-This Sunday marks the close of the [[Paschal cycle|Paschal season]]. To the normal Sunday services are added special scriptural readings and hymns to all the saints (known and unknown) from the [[Pentecostarion]].
-
-In the late spring, the Sunday following Pentecost Saturday (50 days after Easter) is set aside as a commemoration of all locally venerated saints, such as "All Saints of America", "All Saints of [[Mount Athos]]", etc. The third Sunday after Pentecost may be observed for even more localised saints, such as "All Saints of [[St. Petersburg]]", or for saints of a particular type, such as "[[Persecution of Christians#Ottoman Empire and Turkey|New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke]]".
-
-In addition to the Mondays mentioned above, Saturdays throughout the year are days for general commemoration of all saints, and special hymns to all saints are chanted from the [[Octoechos (liturgy)|Octoechos]].
-
-===Lebanon===
-The celebration of 1 November in Lebanon as a holiday reflects the influence of Western Catholic orders present in Lebanon and is not [[Maronite]] in origin. The traditional Maronite feast equivalent to the honor of all saints in their liturgical calendar is one of three Sundays in preparation for Lent called the Sunday of the Righteous and the Just. The following Sunday is the Sunday of the Faithful Departed (similar to All Souls Day in Western calendar).
-
-===East Syriac tradition===
-In East Syriac tradition the All Saints Day celebration falls on the first Friday after resurrection Sunday.<ref name="SMCLIT" /> This is because all departed faithful are saved by the blood of Jesus and they resurrected with the Christ. Normally in east Syriac liturgy the departed souls are remembered on Friday. Church celebrates All souls day on Friday before the beginning of Great lent or Great Fast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasranifoundation.org/calendar/dr/reflection_9fri_denha.html|title= Commemoration of the Departed Faithful|work=Nasrani Foundation}}</ref>
-
-==In Western Europe, the Americas and the Philippines==
-The Christian holiday of All Saints' Day falls on 1 November, followed by [[All Souls' Day]] on 2 November, and is currently a Solemnity in the [[Roman Rite]] of the Catholic Church, a [[Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)|Festival]] in the [[Lutheran Church]]es, as well as a [[Principal Feast]] of the Anglican Communion.
-
-===History===
-During the 5th century, [[St. Maximus of Turin]] preached annually on the Sunday after Pentecost, the same day being used in many places in the East, in honor of all martyrs in what is today Northern Italy. The [[Comes of Würzburg]], the earliest existing ecclesiastical reading list, dating to the late 6th or early 7th century in what is today Germany, lists this the Sunday after Pentecost as "dominica in natale sanctorum" or "Sunday of the Nativity of the Saints". By this time, the commemoration had expanded to include all saints whether or not they were martyred.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>
-
-On 13 May 609 or 610, [[Pope Boniface IV]] consecrated the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon at Rome]] to the Blessed Virgin and all the martyrs, ordering an anniversary;<ref name="mershman"/> the feast of the ''dedication Sanctae Mariae ad Martyres'' has been celebrated at Rome ever since. There is evidence that from the 5th to the 7th centuries there existed in certain places and at sporadic intervals a feast date on 13 May to celebrate the holy martyrs.<ref>C. Smith ''The New Catholic Encyclopedia'' 1967: ''s.v.'' "Feast of All Saints", p. 318.</ref> The origin of All Saints' Day cannot be traced with certainty, and it has been observed on various days in different places. However, there are some who maintain the belief that it has origins in the [[Religion in ancient Rome|pagan]] observation of 13 May{{which calendar?|date=November 2019}}, the [[Lemuria (festival)|Feast of the Lemures]], in which the malevolent and restless spirits of the dead were propitiated. Some liturgiologists base the idea that this ''Lemuria'' festival was the origin of that of All Saints on their identical dates and on the similar theme of "all the dead".<ref>For example, Violet Alford ("The Cat Saint", ''Folklore'' '''52'''.3 [September 1941:161–183] p. 181 note 56) observes that "Saints were often confounded with the [[Lares]] or Dead. Repasts for both were prepared in early Christian times, and All Saints' Day was transferred in 835 to November 1st from one of the days in May which were the old Lemuralia"; Alford notes [[Pierre Saintyves]], ''Les saints successeurs des dieux'', Paris 1906 (''sic'', i.e. 1907).</ref> Meanwhile, others consider that 13 May was perhaps deliberately chosen by the Pope because of its celebration already established in the East.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Saunders|first1=William|title=All Saints and All Souls|url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/all-saints-and-all-souls.html|website=catholiceducation.org|accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref>
+{{short description|Christian feast day}}asts for both were prepared in early Christian times, and All Saints' Day was transferred in 835 to November 1st from one of the days in May which were the old Lemuralia"; Alford notes [[Pierre Saintyves]], ''Les saints successeurs des dieux'', Paris 1906 (''sic'', i.e. 1907).</ref> Meanwhile, others consider that 13 May was perhaps deliberately chosen by the Pope because of its celebration already established in the East.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Saunders|first1=William|title=All Saints and All Souls|url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/all-saints-and-all-souls.html|website=catholiceducation.org|accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref>
The feast of All Saints, on its current date, is traced to the foundation by [[Pope Gregory III]] (731–741) of an [[oratory (worship)|oratory]] in [[Old St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter's]] for the relics "of the holy apostles and of all saints, martyrs and confessors, of all the just made perfect who are at rest throughout the world",{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} with the date moved to {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}} and 13 May feast suppressed.<ref>"All Saints' Day", ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'', 3rd edition, ed. E. A. Livingstone (Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], 1997), 41–42; ''The New Catholic Encyclopedia'', ''eo.loc''.</ref> During the late 8th century, lay religious scholar [[Alcuin of York]] used his influence with [[Charlemagne]] to introduce the Irish-Northumbrian celebration of the Feast of All Saints to the [[Frankish Kingdom]].<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-alcuin">{{cite book |title=New Catholic Encyclopedia |date=2003 |isbn=0-7876-4004-2 |pages=242–243 |edition=Second}}</ref> In 798, [[Archbishop]] [[Arno of Salzburg]] called for a festival of all saints on {{OldStyleDateNY|October 27|November 1}} for Southeast Germany, for which he was subsequently commended by Alucin.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>
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0 => '{{short description|Christian feast day}}asts for both were prepared in early Christian times, and All Saints' Day was transferred in 835 to November 1st from one of the days in May which were the old Lemuralia"; Alford notes [[Pierre Saintyves]], ''Les saints successeurs des dieux'', Paris 1906 (''sic'', i.e. 1907).</ref> Meanwhile, others consider that 13 May was perhaps deliberately chosen by the Pope because of its celebration already established in the East.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Saunders|first1=William|title=All Saints and All Souls|url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/all-saints-and-all-souls.html|website=catholiceducation.org|accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref>'
]
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[
0 => '{{short description|Christian feast day}}',
1 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}',
2 => '{{Infobox holiday',
3 => '|holiday_name=All Saints' Day',
4 => '|type=Christian',
5 => '|image=All-Saints.jpg',
6 => '|imagesize=300px',
7 => '|caption=Painting of various saints by [[Fra Angelico]]',
8 => '|nickname=All Hallows' Day, Hallowmas',
9 => '|observedby= {{Plainlist|',
10 => '* [[Catholic Church]]',
11 => '* [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]',
12 => '* [[Lutheran Church]]es<ref>{{cite book |last=Marty |first=Martin E. |title=Lutheran questions, Lutheran answers: exploring Christian faith |year=2007 |publisher=[[Augsburg Fortress]] |location=Minneapolis |isbn=978-0806653501 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPRSDFqD-fwC&pg=PA127|authorlink=Martin E. Marty |quote=All Lutherans celebrate All Saints Day, and many sing, 'For all the saints, who from their labors rest…' |accessdate=2 November 2011 |page=127}}</ref>',
13 => '* [[Anglican Communion]]',
14 => '* [[Methodist Church]]es<ref>{{cite book |author=Willimon, William H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCRga-tv8U4C&q=Saints+%2B+Methodism&pg=PA64 |title=United Methodist Beliefs |page=64 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-1611640618 |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref>',
15 => '* [[Reformed Church]]es',
16 => '* [[Philippine Independent Church]]',
17 => '* Other Christian denominations ',
18 => '}}',
19 => '|litcolor=White (Western Christianity)<br>Green (Eastern Christianity)',
20 => '|date=[[November 1|1 November]] (Western Christianity)<br/>Sunday after Pentecost (Eastern Christianity)',
21 => '|celebrations=',
22 => '|duration= 2 day',
23 => '|frequency=annual',
24 => '|observances=[[Service of worship|Church services]], [[praying for the dead]], visiting [[cemeteries]], eating [[soul cakes]]',
25 => '|relatedto={{Plainlist|',
26 => '* [[Allhallowtide]] ([[Hallowe'en]] 31 October, [[All Souls' Day]] 2 November)',
27 => '* [[Totensonntag]]',
28 => '* [[Day of the Dead]] ',
29 => '* [[Saint]]s',
30 => '}}',
31 => '}}',
32 => '',
33 => ''''All Saints' Day''', also known as '''All Hallows' Day''', '''Hallowmas''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://langs.eserver.org/shakespeare-glossary.txt|title=Shakespearian Glossary|access-date=10 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423155308/http://langs.eserver.org/shakespeare-glossary.txt|archive-date=23 April 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ta6SAgAAQBAJ&q=shakespeare+hallowmas&pg=PT307|title=The Shakespeare Name Dictionary |publisher=Routledge |date=2004 |isbn=978-1135875718 |accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> the '''Feast of All Saints''',<ref>{{cite book|title=The Anglican Service Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jN4wspXqHBkC&pg=PA676|accessdate=3 November 2012|date=1 September 1991|publisher=Good Shepherd Press|isbn=978-0962995507|page=677}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=[[St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco]]|title=Homily on the Feast of All Saints of Russia|url=http://www.russianorthodox-stl.org/all_saints_russia.html|website=St. John Chrysostom Orthodox Church}}</ref> or '''Solemnity of All Saints''',<ref>Roman Missal</ref> is a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[solemnity]] celebrated in honour of all the [[saint]]s, known and unknown. In [[Western Christianity]], it is celebrated on November 1 by the [[Latin Church|Roman Catholic Church]], the [[Anglican Communion]], the [[Methodist Church]], the [[Philippine Independent Church]] (Iglesia Filipina Independiente), the [[Church of the Nazarene]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefoundrypublishing.com/celebrations-and-observances-of-the-church-year-9780834124332.html|title=Celebrations and Observances of the Church Year|website=www.thefoundrypublishing.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> the [[Lutheran Church]], the [[Reformed Church]], and other Protestant churches. November 1 is also the day before [[All Souls' Day]]. The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and associated [[Eastern Catholic]] and [[Byzantine Rite Lutheranism|Byzantine Lutheran churches]] celebrate it on the first Sunday after [[Pentecost]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sidhu|first1=Salatiel|last2=Baldovin|first2=John Francis|title=Holidays and Rituals of Jews and Christians|date=5 February 2013|language=English|isbn=978-1481711401|page=193|quote=Lutheran and Orthodox Churches who do not call themselves Roman Catholic Churches have maintained the traditions of the Roman Catholic Church, still celebrate this Day. Even the Protestant Churches like the United Methodist Church all celebrate this day as the All Souls Day and call it All Saints day.}}</ref> The [[Church of the East]] and associated Eastern Catholic churches celebrate All Saints' Day on the first Friday after [[Easter]].<ref name="SMCLIT">{{cite web|url=http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/pdf/Panchangam%20English2016.pdf|title=Syro Malabar Liturgical Calendar 2016}}</ref>',
34 => '',
35 => 'In the Western Christian practice, the [[liturgy|liturgical]] celebration begins at [[Vespers]] on the evening of 31 October, [[All Hallows' Eve]] (All Saints' Eve), and ends at the close of 1 November. It is thus the day before [[All Souls' Day]], which commemorates the faithful departed. In many traditions, All Saints' Day is part of the season of [[Allhallowtide]], which includes the three days from 31 October to 2 November inclusive and in some denominations, such as [[Anglicanism]], extends to [[Remembrance Sunday]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Leslie|first=Frank|title=Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7_QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA539|accessdate=9 April 2014|year=1895|publisher=Frank Leslie Publishing House|page=539|work=Allhallowtide|quote=Just as the term "Eastertide" expresses for us the whole of the church services and ancient customs attached to the festival of Easter, from Palm Sunday until Easter Monday, so does All-hallowtide include for us all the various customs, obsolete and still observed, of Halloween, All Saints' and All Souls' Days. From the 31st of October until the morning of the 3rd of November, this period of three days, known as All-hallowtide, is full of traditional and legendary lore.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=All Saints' Tide|url=http://www.oremus.org/liturgy/pohg/s2a.html|website=Services and Prayers for the Season from All Saints to Candlemas|publisher=[[General Synod of the Church of England]]|quote=For many twentieth-century Christians the All Saints-tide period is extended to include Remembrance Sunday. In the Calendar and Lectionary we have sought to make it easier to observe this without cutting across a developing lectionary pattern, and we have reprinted the form of service approved ecumenically for use on that day.}}</ref> In places where All Saints' Day is observed as a public holiday but All Souls' Day is not, cemetery and grave rituals such as offerings of flowers, candles and prayers or blessings for the graves of loved ones often take place on All Saints Day.<ref name="Hatch1978">{{cite book|last=Hatch|first=Jane M.|title=The American Book of Days|url=https://archive.org/details/americanbookofda00hatc/page/979|accessdate=|year=1978|publisher=Wilson|language=English|isbn=978-0824205935|page=[https://archive.org/details/americanbookofda00hatc/page/979 979]|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="army.mil-toussaint"/><ref name="couleur-toussaint"/><ref name="portugese-american-saints"/> In Austria and Germany, [[godparents]] gift their godchildren [[Allerheiligenstriezel]] (All Saint's Braid) on All Saint's Day,<ref name="Williams2016">{{cite book|last= Williams|first=Victoria|title=Celebrating Life Customs around the World|year=2016|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|language=English|page=979}}</ref> while the practice of [[souling]] remains popular in Portugal.<ref name="Guillain2014">{{cite book|last= Guillain|first=Charlotte |title=Portugal|year=2014|publisher=Capstone|language=English}}</ref> It is a [[public holiday|national holiday]] in many [[Christian state|Christian countries]].',
36 => '',
37 => 'The Christian celebration of All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day stems from a belief that there is a powerful spiritual bond between those in heaven (the "[[Church triumphant]]"), and the living (the "[[Church militant]]"). In [[Catholic]] theology, the day commemorates all those who have attained the [[beatific vision]] in Heaven. In [[Methodist]] theology, All Saints Day revolves around "giving God solemn thanks for the lives and deaths of his [[Saints in Methodism|saints]]", including those who are "famous or obscure".<ref name="Iovino2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.umc.org/what-we-believe/all-saints-day-a-holy-day-john-wesley-loved|title=All Saints Day: A holy day John Wesley loved |last=Iovino|first=Joe|date=28 October 2015|publisher=[[The United Methodist Church]]|language=English|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> As such, individuals throughout the Church Universal are honoured, such as [[Paul the Apostle]], [[Augustine of Hippo]] and [[John Wesley]], in addition to individuals who have personally led one to faith in Jesus, such as one's grandmother or friend.<ref name="Iovino2015" />',
38 => '',
39 => '==Combined celebrations of All Saints and All Souls==',
40 => 'In some countries, All Saints' Day is a public holiday, but [[All Souls' Day]] is not. Consequently, people visit graves and conduct other All Souls' Day practices on All Saints Day instead. Countries where All Souls' Day traditions are observed on All Saints' Day in this fashion include Belgium,<ref name="army.mil-toussaint">[https://www.army.mil/article/196239/all_saints_day_honors_the_deceased "All Saints' Day honors the deceased", USAG Benelux Public Affairs, November 1, 2017]</ref> Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France,<ref name="couleur-toussaint">[https://www.couleurnature.com/blogs/news/the-flower-of-death "The Flower of Death", Couleur Nature, Paris, 25 July 2011]</ref> Finland, Germany, Guatemala,<ref name="revuemag-guatemala"/> Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, the Philippines,<ref name="guardian-world-saints"/> Poland, Portugal,<ref name="portugese-american-saints">[http://portuguese-american-journal.com/national-holiday-november-1st-is-all-saints-day-%E2%80%93-portugal/ "National holiday: November 1st is All Saints Day – Portugal", ''Portuguese American Journal'', 1 November 2011]</ref> Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, and Sweden.',
41 => '{{Main|All Souls' Day}}',
42 => '',
43 => '==In Eastern Europe and Western Asia==',
44 => '',
45 => 'The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], following the Byzantine tradition, commemorates all saints collectively on the Sunday after [[Pentecost]], '''All Saints' Sunday''' (Greek: Ἁγίων Πάντων, ''Agiōn Pantōn'').',
46 => '',
47 => 'By 411 the East Syrians kept the Chaldean Calendar with a "Commemoratio Confessorum" celebrated on the Friday after Easter.<ref name="mershman">{{cite book|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01315a.htm|author=Mershman, Francis|title= "All Saints' Day". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. |publisher=Robert Appleton Company|year= 1907|location=New York|accessdate=30 October 2014}}</ref> commemoration on the Friday after Easter. The 74th homily of St. [[John Chrysostom]] from the late 4th or early 5th century marks the observance of a feast of all the martyrs on the first Sunday after Pentecost.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints">{{cite book |title=New Catholic Encyclopedia |date=2003 |isbn=0-7876-4004-2 |pages=288–290 |edition=Second}}</ref> Some scholars place the location where this sermon was delivered as [[Constantinople]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Holy Women, Holy Men: Celebrating the Saints|publisher=Church Publishing, Inc.|isbn=978-0898696783|page=662|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZqabeZvNaMC&pg=PA662|date=2010}}</ref> The [[Byzantine Rite]] still celebrates the Feast of All Saints on the first Sunday after Pentecost.',
48 => '',
49 => 'The Feast of All Saints achieved greater prominence in the 9th century, in the reign of the [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Leo VI the Wise|Leo VI "the Wise"]] (866–911). His wife, Empress [[Theophano Martiniake|Theophano]] lived a devout life. After her death in 893,<ref>The date in ''[[Patriarch Euthymius I of Constantinople|Vita Euthymii]]'', not printed until 1888 "makes it seem practically (though not absolutely) certain that she died on 10 Nov. 893"{{which calendar?|date=November 2019}}.{{harv|Downey|1956|pp=301–305}}</ref> her husband built a church, intending to dedicate it to her. When he was forbidden to do so, he decided to dedicate it to "All Saints", so that if his wife were in fact one of the righteous, she would also be honoured whenever the feast was celebrated.{{sfn|Downey|1956|pp=301–305}} According to tradition, it was Leo who expanded the feast from a commemoration of All Martyrs to a general commemoration of All Saints, whether martyrs or not.',
50 => '',
51 => 'This Sunday marks the close of the [[Paschal cycle|Paschal season]]. To the normal Sunday services are added special scriptural readings and hymns to all the saints (known and unknown) from the [[Pentecostarion]].',
52 => '',
53 => 'In the late spring, the Sunday following Pentecost Saturday (50 days after Easter) is set aside as a commemoration of all locally venerated saints, such as "All Saints of America", "All Saints of [[Mount Athos]]", etc. The third Sunday after Pentecost may be observed for even more localised saints, such as "All Saints of [[St. Petersburg]]", or for saints of a particular type, such as "[[Persecution of Christians#Ottoman Empire and Turkey|New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke]]".',
54 => '',
55 => 'In addition to the Mondays mentioned above, Saturdays throughout the year are days for general commemoration of all saints, and special hymns to all saints are chanted from the [[Octoechos (liturgy)|Octoechos]].',
56 => '',
57 => '===Lebanon===',
58 => 'The celebration of 1 November in Lebanon as a holiday reflects the influence of Western Catholic orders present in Lebanon and is not [[Maronite]] in origin. The traditional Maronite feast equivalent to the honor of all saints in their liturgical calendar is one of three Sundays in preparation for Lent called the Sunday of the Righteous and the Just. The following Sunday is the Sunday of the Faithful Departed (similar to All Souls Day in Western calendar).',
59 => '',
60 => '===East Syriac tradition===',
61 => 'In East Syriac tradition the All Saints Day celebration falls on the first Friday after resurrection Sunday.<ref name="SMCLIT" /> This is because all departed faithful are saved by the blood of Jesus and they resurrected with the Christ. Normally in east Syriac liturgy the departed souls are remembered on Friday. Church celebrates All souls day on Friday before the beginning of Great lent or Great Fast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasranifoundation.org/calendar/dr/reflection_9fri_denha.html|title= Commemoration of the Departed Faithful|work=Nasrani Foundation}}</ref>',
62 => '',
63 => '==In Western Europe, the Americas and the Philippines==',
64 => 'The Christian holiday of All Saints' Day falls on 1 November, followed by [[All Souls' Day]] on 2 November, and is currently a Solemnity in the [[Roman Rite]] of the Catholic Church, a [[Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)|Festival]] in the [[Lutheran Church]]es, as well as a [[Principal Feast]] of the Anglican Communion.',
65 => '',
66 => '===History===',
67 => 'During the 5th century, [[St. Maximus of Turin]] preached annually on the Sunday after Pentecost, the same day being used in many places in the East, in honor of all martyrs in what is today Northern Italy. The [[Comes of Würzburg]], the earliest existing ecclesiastical reading list, dating to the late 6th or early 7th century in what is today Germany, lists this the Sunday after Pentecost as "dominica in natale sanctorum" or "Sunday of the Nativity of the Saints". By this time, the commemoration had expanded to include all saints whether or not they were martyred.<ref name="new-catholic-2nd-all-saints"/>',
68 => '',
69 => 'On 13 May 609 or 610, [[Pope Boniface IV]] consecrated the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon at Rome]] to the Blessed Virgin and all the martyrs, ordering an anniversary;<ref name="mershman"/> the feast of the ''dedication Sanctae Mariae ad Martyres'' has been celebrated at Rome ever since. There is evidence that from the 5th to the 7th centuries there existed in certain places and at sporadic intervals a feast date on 13 May to celebrate the holy martyrs.<ref>C. Smith ''The New Catholic Encyclopedia'' 1967: ''s.v.'' "Feast of All Saints", p. 318.</ref> The origin of All Saints' Day cannot be traced with certainty, and it has been observed on various days in different places. However, there are some who maintain the belief that it has origins in the [[Religion in ancient Rome|pagan]] observation of 13 May{{which calendar?|date=November 2019}}, the [[Lemuria (festival)|Feast of the Lemures]], in which the malevolent and restless spirits of the dead were propitiated. Some liturgiologists base the idea that this ''Lemuria'' festival was the origin of that of All Saints on their identical dates and on the similar theme of "all the dead".<ref>For example, Violet Alford ("The Cat Saint", ''Folklore'' '''52'''.3 [September 1941:161–183] p. 181 note 56) observes that "Saints were often confounded with the [[Lares]] or Dead. Repasts for both were prepared in early Christian times, and All Saints' Day was transferred in 835 to November 1st from one of the days in May which were the old Lemuralia"; Alford notes [[Pierre Saintyves]], ''Les saints successeurs des dieux'', Paris 1906 (''sic'', i.e. 1907).</ref> Meanwhile, others consider that 13 May was perhaps deliberately chosen by the Pope because of its celebration already established in the East.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Saunders|first1=William|title=All Saints and All Souls|url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/all-saints-and-all-souls.html|website=catholiceducation.org|accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref>'
]
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All external links added in the edit (added_links) |
[]
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All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) |
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'<div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Feast of All Saints" redirects here. For the 1978 novel by Anne Rice, see <a href="/wiki/The_Feast_of_All_Saints_(novel)" title="The Feast of All Saints (novel)">The Feast of All Saints (novel)</a>.</div>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Christian feast day</div><p>asts for both were prepared in early Christian times, and All Saints' Day was transferred in 835 to November 1st from one of the days in May which were the old Lemuralia"; Alford notes <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Saintyves" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Saintyves">Pierre Saintyves</a>, <i>Les saints successeurs des dieux</i>, Paris 1906 (<i>sic</i>, i.e. 1907).</ref> Meanwhile, others consider that 13 May was perhaps deliberately chosen by the Pope because of its celebration already established in the East.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>The feast of All Saints, on its current date, is traced to the foundation by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Pope Gregory III</a> (731–741) of an <a href="/wiki/Oratory_(worship)" title="Oratory (worship)">oratory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's</a> for the relics "of the holy apostles and of all saints, martyrs and confessors, of all the just made perfect who are at rest throughout the world",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2">[2]</a></sup> with the date moved to October 27 [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> November 1] and 13 May feast suppressed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> During the late 8th century, lay religious scholar <a href="/wiki/Alcuin_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcuin of York">Alcuin of York</a> used his influence with <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> to introduce the Irish-Northumbrian celebration of the Feast of All Saints to the <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Kingdom">Frankish Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-alcuin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-catholic-2nd-alcuin-4">[4]</a></sup> In 798, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> <a href="/wiki/Arno_of_Salzburg" title="Arno of Salzburg">Arno of Salzburg</a> called for a festival of all saints on October 27 [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> November 1] for Southeast Germany, for which he was subsequently commended by Alucin.<sup id="cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>The October 27 [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> November 1] All Saints Day was made a day of obligation throughout the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> empire in 835, by a decree of <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>, issued "at the instance of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IV" title="Pope Gregory IV">Pope Gregory IV</a> and with the assent of all the bishops",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2">[2]</a></sup> which confirmed its celebration on October 27 [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> November 1]. Under the rule of Charlemagne and his successors, the Frankish Kingdom expanded into the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> and subsequently the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.
</p><p>The 9th century Félire Óengusso ("Martyrology of Óengus") by <a href="/wiki/%C3%93engus_of_Tallaght" title="Óengus of Tallaght">Óengus of Tallaght</a> attests a April 15 [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> April 20] celebration in Rome for all the saints of Europe as well as a 1 November celebration in Ireland for all saints.<sup id="cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints-5">[5]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sicard_of_Cremona" title="Sicard of Cremona">Sicard of Cremona</a>, a scholar who lived in the 12th and 13th centuries, proposed that <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Pope Gregory VII</a> (1073–85) suppressed the feast of May 13 in favor of October 27 [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> November 1]. By the 12th century, May 13 had been removed from liturgical books.<sup id="cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>The All Saints <a href="/wiki/Octave_(liturgy)" title="Octave (liturgy)">octave</a> was added by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a> (1471–1484).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2">[2]</a></sup> Both the All Saints vigil and the octave were suppressed by the reforms of 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Proposed_connection_to_Samhain"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Proposed connection to Samhain</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Protestant_observances"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Protestant observances</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Customs"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Customs</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#France"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">France</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Belgium"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Belgium</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Portugal"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Portugal</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Spain"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Spain</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Austria_and_Bavaria"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Austria and Bavaria</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#The_Americas"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">The Americas</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Day_of_the_Dead"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Day of the Dead</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Guatemala"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Guatemala</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Halloween"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Halloween</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Philippines"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Philippines</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Pangangaluluwa_trick-or-treat_traditions"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pangangaluluwa trick-or-treat traditions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Cemetery_and_reunion_practices"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cemetery and reunion practices</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Roles_of_children"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Roles of children</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Proposed_connection_to_Samhain">Proposed connection to Samhain</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Proposed connection to Samhain">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a></div>
<p>Some scholars have proposed that churches in the British Isles began celebrating All Saints on 1 November at the beginning of the 8th century to coincide with or replace the Celtic festival of <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>. James Frazer represents this school of thought by arguing that 1 November was chosen because Samhain was the date of the Celtic festival of the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> Ronald Hutton argues instead that the earliest documentary sources indicate that <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> was a harvest festival with no particular ritual connections to the dead. Hutton proposes that 1 November was a Frankish and Germanic rather than a Celtic cultural referent.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Protestant_observances">Protestant observances</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Protestant observances">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The festival was retained after the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> in the calendar of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican Church</a> and in many <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> churches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2">[2]</a></sup> In the Lutheran churches, such as the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a>, it assumes a role of general commemoration of the dead. In the <a href="/wiki/Holidays_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Holidays in Sweden">Swedish calendar</a>, the observance takes place on the Saturday between 31 October and 6 November. In many Lutheran Churches, it is moved to the first Sunday of November. In the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mother_church" title="Mother church">mother church</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, it is a <a href="/wiki/Principal_Feast" title="Principal Feast">Principal Feast</a> and may be celebrated either on 1 November or on the Sunday between 30 October and 5 November. It is also celebrated by other <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> of the English tradition, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> churches and the <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Church" title="Wesleyan Church">Wesleyan Church</a>.
</p><p>Protestants generally commemorate all Christians, living and deceased, on All Saints' Day; if they observe All Saints Day at all, they use it to remember all Christians both past and present. In the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a>, All Saints' Day is celebrated on the first Sunday in November. It is held, not only to remember Saints, but also to remember all those who have died who were members of the local church congregation. In some congregations, a candle is lit by the <a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a> as each person's name is called out by the clergy. Prayers and responsive readings may accompany the event. Often, the names of those who have died in the past year are affixed to a memorial plaque.
</p><p>In many Lutheran churches, All Saints' Day is celebrated the Sunday after Reformation is celebrated (the date for Reformation is 31 October, so Reformation Sunday is celebrated on or before 31 October). In most congregations, the festival is marked as an occasion to remember the dead. The names of those who have died from the congregation within the last year are read during worship and a bell is tolled, a chime is played or a candle is lit for each name read. While the dead are solemnly remembered during worship on All Saints' Sunday, the festival is ultimately a celebration of <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonement in Christianity">Christ's victory over death</a>.
</p><p>In English-speaking countries, services often include the singing of the traditional hymn "<a href="/wiki/For_All_the_Saints" title="For All the Saints">For All the Saints</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Walsham_How" title="Walsham How">Walsham How</a>. The most familiar tune for this hymn is <i>Sine Nomine</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a>. Other hymns that are popularly sung during corporate worship on this day are "<a href="/wiki/I_Sing_a_Song_of_the_Saints_of_God" title="I Sing a Song of the Saints of God">I Sing a Song of the Saints of God</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Ye_Watchers_and_Ye_Holy_Ones" title="Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones">Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones</a>".
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Customs">Customs</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Customs">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Celebraci%C3%B3n_de_Todos_los_Santos,_cementerio_de_la_Santa_Cruz,_Gniezno,_Polonia,_2017-11-01,_DD_07-09_HDR.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Celebraci%C3%B3n_de_Todos_los_Santos%2C_cementerio_de_la_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gniezno%2C_Polonia%2C_2017-11-01%2C_DD_07-09_HDR.jpg/250px-Celebraci%C3%B3n_de_Todos_los_Santos%2C_cementerio_de_la_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gniezno%2C_Polonia%2C_2017-11-01%2C_DD_07-09_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Celebraci%C3%B3n_de_Todos_los_Santos%2C_cementerio_de_la_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gniezno%2C_Polonia%2C_2017-11-01%2C_DD_07-09_HDR.jpg/375px-Celebraci%C3%B3n_de_Todos_los_Santos%2C_cementerio_de_la_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gniezno%2C_Polonia%2C_2017-11-01%2C_DD_07-09_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Celebraci%C3%B3n_de_Todos_los_Santos%2C_cementerio_de_la_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gniezno%2C_Polonia%2C_2017-11-01%2C_DD_07-09_HDR.jpg/500px-Celebraci%C3%B3n_de_Todos_los_Santos%2C_cementerio_de_la_Santa_Cruz%2C_Gniezno%2C_Polonia%2C_2017-11-01%2C_DD_07-09_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8662" data-file-height="5189" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Celebraci%C3%B3n_de_Todos_los_Santos,_cementerio_de_la_Santa_Cruz,_Gniezno,_Polonia,_2017-11-01,_DD_07-09_HDR.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>All Saints' Day at a cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Gniezno" title="Gniezno">Gniezno</a>, Poland – flowers and candles placed to honor deceased relatives (2017)</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Europe">Europe</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="France">France</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: France">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In France, and throughout the <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">Francophone</a> world, the day is known as <i>La Toussaint</i>. Flowers (especially in <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum" title="Chrysanthemum">Chrysanthemums</a>), or wreaths called 'couronnes de toussaints' are placed at each tomb or grave. The following day, 2 November (<a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a>) is called <i>Le jour des morts</i>, the Day of the Dead.<sup id="cite_ref-couleur-toussaint_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-couleur-toussaint-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Belgium">Belgium</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Belgium">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In Belgium, "Toussaint" or "Allerheiligen" is a public holiday. Belgians visit the cemeteries to place chrysanthemums on the graves of deceased relatives on All Saints Day, since All Souls is not a holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-army.mil-toussaint_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-army.mil-toussaint-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Portugal">Portugal</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Portugal">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In Portugal, <i>Dia de Todos os Santos</i> is a national holiday. Families remember their dead with religious observances and visits to the cemetery. Portuguese children celebrate the <i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A3o-por-Deus" title="Pão-por-Deus">Pão-por-Deus</a></i> tradition (also called <i>santorinho</i>, <i>bolinho</i> or <i>fiéis de Deus</i>) going door-to-door, where they receive cakes, nuts, pomegranates, sweets and candies.<sup id="cite_ref-portugese-american-saints_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portugese-american-saints-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Spain">Spain</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spain">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In Spain, el <i>Día de Todos los Santos</i> is a national holiday. As in all Hispanic countries, people take flowers to the graves of dead relatives. The play <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_Tenorio" title="Don Juan Tenorio">Don Juan Tenorio</a></i> is traditionally performed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Austria_and_Bavaria">Austria and Bavaria</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Austria and Bavaria">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In Austria and Bavaria it is customary on All Saints' Day for godfathers to give their godchildren <i><a href="/wiki/Allerheiligenstriezel" title="Allerheiligenstriezel">Allerheiligenstriezel</a></i>, a braided yeast pastry.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Americas">The Americas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Americas">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In Argentina, Brasil, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and the state of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, people take flowers to the graves of dead relatives.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Day_of_the_Dead">Day of the Dead</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Day of the Dead">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>All Saints' Day in Mexico coincides with the first day of the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Day of the Dead</a> (<i>Día de Muertos</i>) celebration. It commemorates children who have died (<i>Dia de los Inocentes</i>) and the second day celebrates all deceased adults.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Guatemala">Guatemala</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Guatemala">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrilete_(Sumpango_2009).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Barrilete_%28Sumpango_2009%29.jpg/220px-Barrilete_%28Sumpango_2009%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Barrilete_%28Sumpango_2009%29.jpg/330px-Barrilete_%28Sumpango_2009%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Barrilete_%28Sumpango_2009%29.jpg/440px-Barrilete_%28Sumpango_2009%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrilete_(Sumpango_2009).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Giant kite (<i>barrilete</i>) at <a href="/wiki/Sumpango,_Sacatep%C3%A9quez" title="Sumpango, Sacatepéquez">Sumpango</a>, Guatemala.</div></div></div>
<p>In Guatemala, All Saints' Day is a national holiday. On that day Guatemalans make a special meal called <i>fiambre</i> which is made of cold meats and vegetables; it is customary to visit cemeteries and to leave some of the <i>fiambre</i> for their dead. It is also customary to fly kites to help unite the dead with the living. There are festivals in towns like <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Sacatep%C3%A9quez" title="Santiago Sacatepéquez">Santiago Sacatepéquez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumpango,_Sacatep%C3%A9quez" title="Sumpango, Sacatepéquez">Sumpango</a>, where giant colorful kites are flown.<sup id="cite_ref-revuemag-guatemala_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revuemag-guatemala-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Halloween">Halloween</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Halloween">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In the United States and Canada, <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> is celebrated in connection with All Saints' Day,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> although celebrations are generally limited to 31 October. During the 20th century the observance largely became a secular one, although some Christian groups have continued to embrace the Christian origins of the holiday whereas others (typically <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> groups) have rejected celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-russo_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russo-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brandreth_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brandreth-19">[19]</a></sup> On Halloween night, children dress in <a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">costumes</a> and go door to door asking for candy in a practice known as <a href="/wiki/Trick-or-treating" title="Trick-or-treating">trick-or-treating</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-20">[20]</a></sup> while adults may host costume parties. There are many popular customs associated with Halloween, including carving a <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Jack-o%27-lantern" title="Jack-o'-lantern">Jack-o'-lantern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_bobbing" title="Apple bobbing">apple bobbing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fieldhouse2017p256_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fieldhouse2017p256-21">[21]</a></sup> Halloween is not a <a href="/wiki/Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">public holiday</a> in either the United States or Canada.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Philippines">Philippines</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Philippines">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Hallow-mas in the Philippines is variously called "<i>Undás</i>", "<i>Todos los Santos</i>" (Spanish, "All Saints"), and sometimes "<i>Araw ng mga Patay / Yumao</i>" (<a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>, "Day of the dead / those who have passed away"), which incorporates All Saints' Day and <a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a>. Filipinos traditionally observe this day by visiting the family dead to clean and repair their tombs. Offerings of prayers, flowers, candles,<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-world-saints_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-world-saints-22">[22]</a></sup> and food. <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Filipinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Filipinos">Chinese Filipinos</a> additionally burn <a href="/wiki/Joss_stick" class="mw-redirect" title="Joss stick">incense</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Joss_paper" title="Joss paper">kim</a></i>. Many also spend the day and ensuing night holding reunions at the cemetery with feasts and merriment.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Pangangaluluwa_trick-or-treat_traditions">Pangangaluluwa trick-or-treat traditions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pangangaluluwa trick-or-treat traditions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Though Halloween has usually been seen as an American influence in the Philippines, the country's trick-or-treat traditions during Undas (from the Spanish "Honras", meaning honours, as in "with honors") are actually much older. This tradition was derived from the pre-colonial tradition called pangangaluwa. Pangangaluluwa (from "kaluluwa" or spirit double) was a practice of early Filipinos who sang from house to house swathed in blankets pretending to be ghosts of ancestors. If the owner of the house failed to give biko or rice cakes to the "nangangaluluwa", the "spirits" would play tricks (try to steal slippers or other objects left outside the house by members of the family or run off with the owner's chickens). Pangangaluluwa practices are still seen in rural areas.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Cemetery_and_reunion_practices">Cemetery and reunion practices</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cemetery and reunion practices">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>During Undas, family members visit the cemetery where the body of the loved ones rest. It is believed that by going to the cemetery and offering food, candles, flowers, and sometimes incense sticks, the spirit of the loved one is remembered and appeased. Contrary to common belief, this visitation practice is not an imported tradition. Prior to the establishment of coffins, pre-colonial Filipinos were already practicing such a tradition of visiting burial caves throughout the archipelago as confirmed by a research conducted by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a>. The tradition of "atang" or "hain" is also practiced, where food and other offerings are placed near the grave site. If the family cannot go to the grave site, a specific area in the house is provided for the offering.
</p><p>The exact date of Undas today, 1 November, is not a pre-colonial observance date but an influence from Mexico, where the same day is known as the Day of the Dead. Pre-colonial Filipinos preferred going to the burial caves of the departed occasionally as they believed that aswang (half-vampire half-werewolf beings) would take the corpse of the dead if the body was not properly guarded. The protection of the body of the loved one is called "paglalamay". However, in some communities, this paglalamay tradition is non-existent and is replaced by other pre-colonial traditions unique to each community.
</p><p>The Undas is also seen as a family reunion, where family members coming from various regions go back to their hometown to visit the grave of loved ones. Family members are expected to remain beside the grave for the entire day and socialize with each other to mend bonds and enhance family relations. In some cases, family members going to certain burial sites exceed one hundred people. Fighting in any form is prohibited during Undas.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Roles_of_children">Roles of children</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Roles of children">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Children have important roles during Undas. Children are allowed to play with melted candles in front of grave sites and turn the melted wax from the candles into round wax balls. The round balls of wax symbolize the affirmation that everything goes back to where it began, as the living will go back to ash, where everything started. In some cases, families also light candles at the front door of the home. The number of candles is equivalent to the number of departed loved ones. It is believed that this tradition aids departed loved ones and provide them with a happy path to the afterlife.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li><span><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="image"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">1755 Lisbon earthquake</a> which occurred on this day and had a great effect on society and philosophy</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism/Patron_Archive/November_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism/Patron Archive/November 1">All Saints' Day, patron saint archive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Prayer_for_the_Persecuted_Church" title="International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church">International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dziady" title="Dziady">Dziady</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Irish calendar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Saints" title="Litany of the Saints">Litany of the Saints</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders" class="citation web cs1">Saunders, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/all-saints-and-all-souls.html">"All Saints and All Souls"</a>. <i>catholiceducation.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catholiceducation.org&rft.atitle=All+Saints+and+All+Souls&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholiceducation.org%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fcatholic-contributions%2Fall-saints-and-all-souls.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r982806391">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"All Saints' Day", <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>, 3rd edition, ed. E. A. Livingstone (Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1997), 41–42; <i>The New Catholic Encyclopedia</i>, <i>eo.loc</i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-new-catholic-2nd-alcuin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-alcuin_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>New Catholic Encyclopedia</i> (Second ed.). 2003. pp. 242–243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7876-4004-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7876-4004-2"><bdi>0-7876-4004-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=242-243&rft.edition=Second&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7876-4004-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-new-catholic-2nd-all-saints_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>new-catholic-2nd-all-saints</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pseudo-Bede, <i>Homiliae subdititiae</i>; John Hennig, 'The Meaning of All the Saints', <i>Mediaeval Studies</i> 10 (1948), 147–61.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"All Saints Day", <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>, 3rd edition, ed. E. A. Livingstone (Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1997), 41–42; <i>The New Catholic Encyclopedia</i>, <i>eo.loc</i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHennig1946" class="citation journal cs1">Hennig, John (1946). "A Feast of All the Saints of Europe". <i>Speculum</i>. <b>21</b> (1): 49–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2856837">10.2307/2856837</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2856837">2856837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=A+Feast+of+All+the+Saints+of+Europe&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-66&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2856837&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2856837&rft.aulast=Hennig&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHutton1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hutton" title="Ronald Hutton">Hutton, Ronald</a> (1996). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stationsofsunhis0000hutt"><i>Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192854488" title="Special:BookSources/0192854488"><bdi>0192854488</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stations+of+the+Sun%3A+A+History+of+the+Ritual+Year+in+Britain&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+Paperbacks&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0192854488&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstationsofsunhis0000hutt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-couleur-toussaint-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-couleur-toussaint_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>couleur-toussaint</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).
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<li id="cite_note-army.mil-toussaint-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-army.mil-toussaint_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>army.mil-toussaint</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).
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<li id="cite_note-portugese-american-saints-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-portugese-american-saints_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>portugese-american-saints</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mividaen.sampere.com/all-saints-day-in-spain">"All Saints' Day in Spain", Estudio Sampere</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metropole.at/austrian-holiday-november-saints-day/">Berger, Corinna. "Your Vienna Guide of All Saints' Day", <i>Metropole</i>, 31 October 2017</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/daily-southtown/news/ct-sta-day-of-the-dead-st-1101-20151030-story.html">Trebe, Patricia. "Mexican-Americans to celebrate Day of the Dead", <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, 30 October 2015</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-revuemag-guatemala-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revuemag-guatemala_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revuemag.com/2012/11/all-saints-day-in-guatemala-a-photographic-essay/">Mijangos, Nelo. "All Saints Day in Guatemala", <i>Revue</i>, 2 November 2012</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"NEDCO Producers' Guide". 31–33. Northeast Dairy Cooperative Federation. 1973. <q>Originally celebrated as the night before All Saints' Day, Christians chose November first to honor their many saints. The night before was called All Saints' Eve or hallowed eve meaning holy evening.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NEDCO+Producers%27+Guide&rft.volume=31%E2%80%9333&rft.date=1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-russo-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-russo_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Halloween: What's a Christian to Do?</i> (1998) by Steve Russo.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Brandreth-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brandreth_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gyles Brandreth, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011093730/http://telegraph.co.uk/health/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fhealth%2F2000%2F11%2F03%2Ftldevl03.xml&page=1">The Devil is gaining ground</a>" <i>The Sunday Telegraph</i> (London), 11 March 2000.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Britannica-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252875/Halloween">"Halloween"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030150155/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252875/Halloween">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Halloween&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F252875%2FHalloween&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Fieldhouse2017p256-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fieldhouse2017p256_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Fieldhouse2017" class="citation book cs1">Paul Fieldhouse (17 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P-FqDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA256"><i>Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Encyclopedia of Food Culture in World Religions</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610694124" title="Special:BookSources/9781610694124"><bdi>9781610694124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food%2C+Feasts%2C+and+Faith%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Food+Culture+in+World+Religions&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2017-04-17&rft.isbn=9781610694124&rft.au=Paul+Fieldhouse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP-FqDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-guardian-world-saints-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-world-saints_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2010/nov/01/all-saints-day">"All Saints Day around the world", <i>Guardian Weekly</i>, 1 November 2010</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/386063/contemporary-undas-practices-derived-from-pre-colonial-influence-beliefs-cultural-anthropologist/story/">http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/386063/contemporary-undas-practices-derived-from-pre-colonial-influence-beliefs-cultural-anthropologist/story/</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCruz2013" class="citation news cs1">Cruz, Elfren S. (31 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2013/10/31/1251413/undas-filipino-culture">"Undas in Filipino culture"</a>. <i>The Philippine Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&rft.atitle=Undas+in+Filipino+culture&rft.date=2013-10-31&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Elfren+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fopinion%2F2013%2F10%2F31%2F1251413%2Fundas-filipino-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMiaco2015" class="citation web cs1">Miaco, Mimi (29 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/the-latest-news-features/64114/10-things-pinoys-do-during-undas">"10 Things Pinoys Do During Undas"</a>. Spot<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+Things+Pinoys+Do+During+Undas&rft.pub=Spot&rft.date=2015-10-29&rft.aulast=Miaco&rft.aufirst=Mimi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spot.ph%2Fnewsfeatures%2Fthe-latest-news-features%2F64114%2F10-things-pinoys-do-during-undas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl>
<ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/All_Saints,_Festival_of" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/All Saints, Festival of">All Saints, Festival of</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <b>1</b> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=All+Saints%2C+Festival+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAll+Saints%27+Day" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li>Langgärtner, Georg. "All Saints' Day". In <i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity</i>, edited by Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, 41. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802824137" title="Special:BookSources/0802824137">0802824137</a>.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=All_Saints%27_Day&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/All_Saints%27_Day" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a></b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120614191007/http%3A//www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/faqs.aspx">All Saints and All Souls Day</a> American Catholic</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthodoxengland.org.uk/sermalls.htm">All Saints Sunday</a> Orthodox England</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530213122/http://www.liturgy.co.nz/churchyear/allsaintsvigil.html">A Vigil service for All Saints</a> All Hallows' E'en – "Halloween"</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614033937/http://www.transfigcathedral.org/faith/Bulgakov/0621.pdf">First Sunday after Pentecost, or All Saints Sunday</a> by Sergei Bulgakov, <i>Handbook for Church Servers</i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=48">Synaxis of All Saints</a> Icon and <a href="/wiki/Synaxarion" class="mw-redirect" title="Synaxarion">Synaxarion</a> of the feast</li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Allhallowtide" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Allhallowtide" title="Template:Allhallowtide"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Allhallowtide" title="Template talk:Allhallowtide"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Allhallowtide&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Allhallowtide" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Allhallowtide" title="Allhallowtide">Allhallowtide</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allhallowtide" title="Allhallowtide">Allhallowtide</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/All_Hallow%27s_Eve" class="mw-redirect" title="All Hallow's Eve">All Hallow's Eve</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">All Saints' Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_Day" title="Reformation Day">Reformation Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Prayer_for_the_Persecuted_Church" title="International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church">International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Sunday" title="Remembrance Sunday">Remembrance Sunday</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Alla_helgons_dag_vid_R%C3%B6ke_kyrka-1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Alla helgons dag vid Röke kyrka-1.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alla_helgons_dag_vid_R%C3%B6ke_kyrka-1.jpg/120px-Alla_helgons_dag_vid_R%C3%B6ke_kyrka-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alla_helgons_dag_vid_R%C3%B6ke_kyrka-1.jpg/180px-Alla_helgons_dag_vid_R%C3%B6ke_kyrka-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Alla_helgons_dag_vid_R%C3%B6ke_kyrka-1.jpg/240px-Alla_helgons_dag_vid_R%C3%B6ke_kyrka-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3586" data-file-height="2391" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vigil" title="Vigil">Vigil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Church_bell" title="Church bell">Church bells</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Votive_candle" title="Votive candle">Votive candles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">Visitation of cemeteries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_for_the_dead" title="Prayer for the dead">Prayer for the dead</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soul_cake" title="Soul cake">Soul cake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trick-or-treating" title="Trick-or-treating">Trick-or-treating</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hell_house" title="Hell house">Hell house</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Dead" title="Office of the Dead">Office of the Dead</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pangangaluwa" title="Pangangaluwa">Pangangaluwa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hymns</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/For_All_the_Saints" title="For All the Saints">For All the Saints</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/I_Sing_a_Song_of_the_Saints_of_God" title="I Sing a Song of the Saints of God">I Sing a Song of the Saints of God</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Watchers_and_Ye_Holy_Ones" title="Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones">Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theology</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_burial" title="Christian burial">Christian burial</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Christian martyrs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_Hades" title="Christian views on Hades">Christian views on Hades</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Communion_of_saints" title="Communion of saints">Communion of saints</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Christianity" title="Exorcism in Christianity">Exorcism in Christianity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Four_last_things" title="Four last things">Four last things</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution of Christians</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related observances</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Christmas_(holiday)" title="Blue Christmas (holiday)">Blue Christmas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Day of the Dead</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Totensonntag" title="Totensonntag">Totensonntag</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thursday_of_the_Dead" title="Thursday of the Dead">Thursday of the Dead</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template" style="background-color: gold;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Liturgical year of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background-color: gold;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background-color: gold;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liturgical_year_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Ordinary_Form_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1969_Calendar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Ordinary Form</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">1969 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">Gaudete Sunday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">December 17 to 23</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg" class="image"><img alt="Roman Catholic liturgical seasons pie chart.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/250px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/375px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg/500px-Roman_Catholic_liturgical_seasons_pie_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Christmastide" title="Christmastide">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Mary, Mother of God</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a> I</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Presentation of the Lord</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare Sunday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sunday" title="Divine Mercy Sunday">Divine Mercy Sunday</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;">Ordinary Time II</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">All Saints' Day</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: #ffea7d; font-weight: normal;"><div id="Extraordinary_Form_of_the_Roman_Rite_of_the_Latin_Church_(1960_Calendar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Extraordinary Form</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">1960 Calendar</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rorate_Mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Rorate Mass">Rorate Mass</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gaudete_Sunday" title="Gaudete Sunday">Gaudete Sunday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/O_Antiphons" title="O Antiphons">Greater Ferias</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Winter Ember Days</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas" title="Twelve Days of Christmas">Christmas Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Circumcision_of_Christ" title="Feast of the Circumcision of Christ">Octave Day of Christmas</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus">Holy Name of Jesus</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;"><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_season" title="Epiphany season">Epiphany Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Holy_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of the Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Purification of Mary</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 purple;"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shrovetide" title="Shrovetide">Pre-Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesima" title="Septuagesima">Septuagesima</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sexagesima" title="Sexagesima">Sexagesima</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quinquagesima" title="Quinquagesima">Quinquagesima</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Spring Ember Days</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laetare_Sunday" title="Laetare Sunday">Laetare Sunday</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passiontide" title="Passiontide">Passiontide</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_procession" title="Holy Week procession">P</a></sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Triduum" title="Paschal Triduum">Paschal Triduum</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrae" title="Tenebrae">Tenebrae</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism_Mass" title="Chrism Mass">Chrism Mass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_the_Lord%27s_Supper" title="Mass of the Lord's Supper">Mass of the Lord's Supper</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #f0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Easter Season</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Easter_parade" title="Easter parade">P</a></sup>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octave_of_Easter" title="Octave of Easter">Octave</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rogation_days" title="Rogation days">Rogation Days</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Ascension" title="Feast of the Ascension">Ascension</a></i><sup><a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">P</a></sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #ffea7d;width:1%;text-align: right;-moz-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green; -webkit-box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green; box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 green;">Pentecost Season</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Summer Ember Days</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Sunday" title="Trinity Sunday">Trinity Sunday</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Corpus Christi</a></i><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Peter_and_Paul" title="Feast of Saints Peter and Paul">Saints Peter and Paul</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Feast of the Most Precious Blood">Precious Blood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Visitation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Cross" title="Feast of the Cross">Exaltation of the Cross</a><sup><abbr title="Procession">P</abbr></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ember_days" title="Ember days">Autumn Ember Days</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Maternity of Mary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Christ_the_King" title="Feast of Christ the King">Christ the King</a></li>
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">All Saints' Day</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #ffea7d"><div>
<dl><dt>Legend</dt>
<dd>P = <a href="/wiki/Procession#Roman_Catholics" title="Procession">Ordinary Procession</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Ritual" title="Roman Ritual">Roman Ritual</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold;background-color: gold;"><div>
<dl><dt>Legend</dt>
<dd><i>Italic font</i> marks the 10 <a href="/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">holy days of obligation</a> in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.</dd></dl>
<dl><dd>Older calendars
<dl><dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_Pope_Pius_XII" title="General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII">1955</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">pre-1955</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Calendar" title="Tridentine Calendar">Tridentine</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_colours" title="Liturgical colours">Liturgical colours</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">Ranking</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Computus" title="Computus">Computus</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="image"><img alt="046CupolaSPietro.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Halloween" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Halloween" title="Template:Halloween"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Halloween" title="Template talk:Halloween"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Halloween&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Halloween" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween#History" title="Halloween">History</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allhallowtide" title="Allhallowtide">Allhallowtide</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Halloween#Symbols" title="Halloween">Symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Halloween#Games_and_other_activities" title="Halloween">Activities</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halloween#Trick-or-treating_and_guising" title="Halloween">Trick-or-treating</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Halloween" title="Geography of Halloween">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Halloween#Christian_religious_observances" title="Halloween">Christian observances</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Balle-%C3%A0-leunettes_11.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Balle-à-leunettes 11.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Balle-%C3%A0-leunettes_11.jpg/65px-Balle-%C3%A0-leunettes_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="65" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Balle-%C3%A0-leunettes_11.jpg/97px-Balle-%C3%A0-leunettes_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Balle-%C3%A0-leunettes_11.jpg/129px-Balle-%C3%A0-leunettes_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="928" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_bobbing" title="Apple bobbing">Apple bobbing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_card" title="Halloween card">Cards</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Costumes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Halloween_food" title="Category:Halloween food">Food</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghost tours</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jack-o%27-lantern" title="Jack-o'-lantern">Jack-o'-lantern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Votive_candle" title="Votive candle">Lighting candles on graves</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_for_the_dead" title="Prayer for the dead">Prayer for the dead</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soul_cake" title="Soul cake">Soul cake</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trick-or-treating" title="Trick-or-treating">Trick-or-treating</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pangangaluwa" title="Pangangaluwa">Pangangaluwa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonfire" title="Bonfire">Bonfire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Pumpkin" title="Great Pumpkin">Great Pumpkin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Haunted_attraction_(simulated)" title="Haunted attraction (simulated)">Haunted attraction</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hell_house" title="Hell house">Hell house</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_queen" title="Pumpkin queen">Pumpkin queen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Halloween" title="Bibliography of Halloween">Books</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_around_Halloween" title="List of films set around Halloween">Films</a></li>
<li>Music
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Halloween_albums" title="Category:Halloween albums">albums</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Halloween_songs" title="Category:Halloween songs">songs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Halloween_television_specials" title="List of Halloween television specials">Television</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_the_Dead" title="Festival of the Dead">Festival of the Dead</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Festival" title="Bon Festival">Bon Festival</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chuseok" title="Chuseok">Chuseok</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Día de Muertos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gai_Jatra" title="Gai Jatra">Gai Jatra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pitri_Paksha" title="Pitri Paksha">Pitri Paksha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qingming_Festival" title="Qingming Festival">Qingming Festival</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Totensonntag" title="Totensonntag">Totensonntag</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Festival" title="Ghost Festival">Zhōng yuán jié</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Veneration of the dead</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_anniversary" title="Death anniversary">Death anniversary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Death_customs" class="mw-redirect" title="Death customs">Death customs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yizkor" class="mw-redirect" title="Yizkor">Yizkor</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allantide" title="Allantide">Allantide</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beggars_Night" title="Beggars Night">Beggars Night</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Night" title="Devil's Night">Devil's Night</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dziady" title="Dziady">Dziady</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eid_il-Burbara" title="Eid il-Burbara">Eid il-Burbara</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hop-tu-Naa" title="Hop-tu-Naa">Hop-tu-Naa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Korochun" title="Korochun">Korochun</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mischief_Night" title="Mischief Night">Mischief Night</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Namahage" title="Namahage">Namahage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Day" title="St. Martin's Day">Old Halloween</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saci_Day" title="Saci Day">Saci Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Will-o%27-the-wisp" title="Will-o'-the-wisp">Will-o'-the-wisp</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Halloween" title="Category:Halloween">Category: Halloween</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GND_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4141927-3">4141927-3</a></span></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
'
|
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) |
false
|
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) |
1603913473
|
