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'{{EngvarB|date=May 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}} {{Infobox Election | election_name = Malaysian general election, 2013 | country = Malaysia | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = Malaysian general election, 2008 | previous_year = 2008 | previous_mps = Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 12th Malaysian Parliament | next_election = Next Malaysian general election | next_year = Next | next_mps = | seats_for_election = All 222 seats in the [[Dewan Rakyat]] <br> and all 505 state legislature seats in 12 (except [[Sarawak]]) states of Malaysia | elected_mps = [[Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 13th Malaysian Parliament|Members elected]] | majority_seats = 112 | turnout = 84.84% | election_date = {{Start date|2013|05|05|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|title=GE13: Polls on May 5, EC announces|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/4/10/nation/20130410095008&sec=nation|work=The Star|accessdate=10 April 2013}}</ref> <!-- Barisan Nasional --> | image1 = [[File:Najib Razak 2008-08-21.jpg|130x130px]] | leader1 = [[Najib Razak]] | leader_since1 = 3 April 2009 | party1 = Barisan Nasional | colour1 = | leaders_seat1 = [[Pekan]] | last_election1 = 140 seats, 50.27% | seats1 = '''133''' | seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 7 | popular_vote1 = 5,237,699 | percentage1 = 47.38% | swing1 = {{decrease}} 2.89% <!-- Pakatan Rakyat --> | image2 = [[File:Anwar Ibrahim1.jpg|130x130px]]<!-- update if there is a more recent picture of Anwar --> | leader2 = [[Anwar Ibrahim]] | leader_since2 = 28 August 2008 | party2 = Pakatan Rakyat | colour2 = | leaders_seat2 = [[Permatang Pauh]] | last_election2 = 82 seats, 46.75% | seats2 = 89 | seat_change2 = {{increase}} 7 | popular_vote2 = '''5,623,984''' | percentage2 = '''50.87%''' | swing2 = {{increase}}4.12% <!-- Results Area --> | title = [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]] | posttitle = [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]]-designate | before_election = [[Najib Tun Razak]] | before_party = Barisan Nasional | after_election = [[Najib Tun Razak]] | after_party = Barisan Nasional | map_image = Malaysian general election 2013.png | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Results in parliamentary [[Riding (country subdivision)|ridings]] }} {{Politics of Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]] held general elections on 5 May 2013 following the dissolution of the Parliament announced on 3 April 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/malaysia-pm-dissolves-parliament-elections-expected-within-weeks/1633689.html |title=Malaysia PM Dissolves Parliament; Elections Expected Within Weeks |publisher=Voice of America |date=3 April 2013}}</ref> Both the [[Dewan Rakyat|House of Representatives]] and 12 out of 13 [[State legislative assemblies of Malaysia|state legislative assemblies]] (with the exception of [[Sarawak]]) were renewed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/04/sabah-state-assembly-dissolved-2/ |title=Sabah State Assembly dissolved |publisher=Theborneopost.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kong |first=Lester |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/msia-state-assemblies-dissolve-paving-way-simultaneous-polls-20130403 |title=M'sia state assemblies to dissolve, paving way for simultaneous polls |work=The Straits Times |date=3 April 2013}}</ref> The federal ruling [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN) coalition, dominated by the [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) party of prime minister [[Najib Razak]], formed the federal government with a 60% of parliamentary seats even though it won a mere 47.38% of the [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/popular_vote popular vote] while the [[Pakatan Rakyat]] (PR) coalition led by [[Anwar Ibrahim]] formed the bulk of the opposition in Parliament after winning 50.87% of the popular vote. The election was Barisan Nasional's worst ever showing, outmatching even the [[Malaysian general election, 1969|1969 election]] which triggered the [[May 13 riots]]. Despite winning the popular vote and making gains in the number of parliamentary seats, the Pakatan Rakyat coalition failed to win a majority of seats to form the federal government. For state legislative assemblies elections, Barisan Nasional won 9 out of 12 states, including [[Kedah]] and [[Perak]] which were won by Pakatan Rakyat in the last elections. ==Background== The incumbent Barisan Nasional coalition was returned to power in the [[Malaysian general election, 2008|2008 general elections]] with 140 seats. The opposition parties that would later form the [[Pakatan Rakyat]] coalition won a total of 82 seats, thereby denying the BN its [[Two-thirds majority]] which is required to pass amendments to the Federal Constitution. Pakatan Rakyat also gained control of five out of thirteen state assemblies (has since lost one state assembly-Perak to BN due to [[2009 Perak constitutional crisis|defection]]) and 10 of the 11 parliamentary seats in the [[Kuala Lumpur|Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur]]. ===Barisan Nasional=== Following their losses, then Prime Minister [[Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]] announced on 8 October 2008 that he was stepping down as well, resigning his post as [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) party leader.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/10/08/asia/malay.php Malaysia's leader to step down as party loses clout], (International Herald Tribune), 8 October 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200810/s2385880.htm?tab=asia Badawi to step down as Malaysia's PM in March], (ABC Radio Australia), 8 October 2008.</ref> A leadership election was held on 26 March 2009, where then Deputy Prime Minister and Prime Minister-designate [[Najib Tun Razak]] was elected unopposed as the UMNO party leader.<ref>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gee0HQDakZhTyH0OADiv9B1zjQuQD975QH380 Malaysia's Najib 1 step away from premier's post], (Associated Press), 26 March 2009.</ref> On 2 April 2009, Prime Minister Abdullah tendered his resignation to the [[Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin]] (who was the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]) which was consented. On 3 April 2009, Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak was sworn-in as the sixth [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]] at the [[Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]] in front of Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin.<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/419844/1/.html Malaysia's Najib sworn in as new prime minister], (Channel News Asia), 4 April 2009.</ref> ===Pakatan Rakyat=== Former [[Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia]] and the [[Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia)|Leader of the Opposition]] [[Anwar Ibrahim]], also the head of [[Pakatan Rakyat]] was returned to parliament after a ten-year absence following his victory in the [[Permatang Pauh by-election, 2008|Permatang Pauh by-election]]. The by-election was triggered when his wife [[Wan Azizah Wan Ismail]] resigned from her Permatang Pauh parliamentary seat, allowing Anwar to contest the seat and subsequently return to parliament. ==Dissolution of Parliament== The [[Parliament of Malaysia|Malaysian Parliament]] was [[Dissolution of parliament|dissolved]] on 3 April 2013 by [[Abdul Halim of Kedah|Tuanku Abdul Halim]], the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] on the advice of the Prime Minister of Malaysia, [[Najib Tun Razak]]. The Prime Minister made a televised statement announcing the dissolution of the 12th Parliament at 11:30&nbsp;am [[Malaysian Standard Time|local time]] the same day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliament is dissolved – finally.|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/parliament-is-dissolved-finally/|publisher=The Malaysian Insider|accessdate=3 April 2013}}</ref> Following the dissolution of Parliament, a general election was required to be held within 60 days, between 3 April and 2 June 2013, with the date to be decided by the Election Commission. ==Dissolution of state legislative assemblies== In accordance with Malaysian law, the [[Parliament of Malaysia|parliament]] as well as the [[State legislative assemblies of Malaysia|legislative assemblies of each state]] (''Dewan Undangan Negeri'') would automatically dissolve on the fifth anniversary of the first sitting, and elections must be held within sixty days of the dissolution, unless dissolved prior to that date by their respective [[State governments of Malaysia#Heads of state|Heads of State]] on the advice of their [[Chief Ministers in Malaysia|Heads of Government]]. On 28 March 2013, the Negeri Sembilan Legislative Assembly became the first state assembly to dissolve automatically in Malaysian history. The state government would remain in place as a [[caretaker government]] and assembly members' constituency offices would remain open to serve the constituencies' needs.<ref name="straitstimes1">{{cite web|last=Yen |first=Yong |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-polls-negeri-sembilan-assembly-automatically-dissolved-20130328 |title=Malaysia polls: Negeri Sembilan assembly automatically dissolved |work=The Straits Times }}</ref> Following the dissolution of the Federal Parliament, state assemblies that have yet to be dissolved have announced their dissolution in quick succession. Below are the dates of which the legislative assemblies of each state were dissolved: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date ! End of Term ! States ! Remarks |- | <center>'''28 March'''</center> | <center>'''28 March'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg}} [[Negeri Sembilan]] ||''Dissolved automatically after expiry of 5-year term''<ref name="straitstimes1"/> |- | rowspan="3" | <center>'''3 April'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/234959-dewan-rakyat-six-state-assemblies-dissolved-to-make-way-for-13ge.html |title=Dewan Rakyat, six state assemblies dissolved to make way for 13GE |publisher=Theedgemalaysia.com |date=4 April 2013}}</ref></center> | <center>'''26 April'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Malacca.svg}} [[Malacca]] | |- | <center>'''24 April'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Perak.svg}} [[Perak]] | |- | <center>'''29 April'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Sabah.svg}} [[Sabah]] | |- | rowspan="4"| <center>'''4 April'''</center> | <center>'''28 April'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Kelantan.svg}} [[Kelantan]] | |- | <center>'''7 April'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang]] | |- | <center>'''22 April'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Selangor]] | |- | <center>'''5 May'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Terengganu.svg}} [[Terengganu]] | |- | rowspan="4"| <center>'''5 April'''</center> | <center>'''21 April'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/4/5/nation/12931862&sec=nation |title=GE13: Johor announces dissolution of state assembly |work=The Star|location=Malaysia }}</ref> | |- | <center>'''2 May'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Kedah.svg}} [[Kedah]] | |- | <center>'''2 May'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg}} [[Penang]] | |- | <center>'''28 April'''</center> | {{flagicon image|Flag of Perlis.svg}} [[Perlis]] | |} The [[Sarawak State Legislative Assembly]] was not dissolved as the last election was held in [[Sarawak state election, 2011|2011]] and the term of the state assembly is due to end in 2016. Only parliamentary elections will be held there. == Date == On 10 April 2013, the Election Commission of Malaysia announced nominations for election candidates would be held on 20 April, with the [[Voting|general election]] set for 5 May. The [[early voting]] date of 30 April has also been announced by the Election Commission.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.abnxcess.com/2013/04/ge13-13268002-voters-to-decide-on-future-of-malaysia/ |title=GE13: 13,268,002 voters to decide on future of Malaysia ABN News &#124; Eng |publisher=News.abnxcess.com |date=10 April 2013}}</ref> Official campaigning begins on 20 April, allowing for a 15-day campaigning period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/10/ec-polling-on-5-may-nomination-on-20-april-latest/ |title=EC: Polling on 5 May, Nomination on 20 April *video! |publisher=Theborneopost.com |date=10 April 2013}}</ref> Postal voting for eligible overseas Malaysians have been announced for 28 April 2013. Malaysian representative offices will open on that day for this purpose from 9&nbsp;am to 6&nbsp;pm local time. Offices in London and Melbourne will close at 8&nbsp;pm instead for the number of postal voters registered in those cities exceed 1,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=PENYERAHAN DAN PENERIMAAN BALIK SAMPUL KEUTAMAAN|url=http://www.spr.gov.my/webspr/PDF/Kenyataan_Media_Undi_Pos_Luar_Negara.pdf|publisher=SPR Malaysia|accessdate=17 April 2013|language=Bahasa Malaysia}}</ref> == Election issues == {{See also|Malaysian general election, 2013#Manifestos}} Even before the dissolution of Parliament, both the incumbent BN and Pakatan Rakyat have brought up a number of issues and incentives to be given to the Malaysian electorate to gain a decisive advantage during the election. Both coalitions have released separate election manifestos dealing with issues such as minimum wage, taxation, assistance to [[Small and medium enterprises|small-medium industries]], racial relations and financial assistance to the poor.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/08/pakatan-bn-economic-pledges-a-comparison/ |title=Pakatan, BN economic pledges: A comparison |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=8 April 2013}}</ref> The 2013 elections will also see a number of new measures intended to improve the electoral process. === Election firsts === Since the last general election a Parliament Select Committee has been formed to make recommendations to improve the country's electoral process.<ref>http://www.1malaysia.com.my/news_archive/najib-announces-parliamentary-select-committee-on-electoral-reform/</ref> The general election in 2013 will bring about the introduction of [[Indelible ink]] to prevent voters from voting more than once. The [[Malaysian general election, 2008#Use of indelible ink for voters|usage of indelible ink]] was mooted for use during the last elections in 2008 but was scrapped by the Election Commission at the last minute.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/asia-report/malaysia-elections/news/story/indelible-ink-colours-kept-secret-prevent-ch |title=Indelible ink colours kept secret to prevent cheating, says EC chairman |work=The Straits Times |date=12 April 2013}}</ref> However, it had been a source of controversy as reports of voters claiming that the indelible ink can be easily washed off were circulated in the media.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-ge13-indelibe-ink-can-be-easily-washed-voters-claim-20130505 |title=Malaysia GE13: Indelible ink can be easily washed off, voters claim |work=The Straits Times }}</ref> There will also be advanced voting for civil servants and military personnel in place of postal voting. This was partly in response to protests by election watchdog groups and opposition parties that the previous voting procedures were not transparent and prone to manipulation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/7/8/nation/11625401&sec=nation |title=Advance voting system set to start |work=The Star|location=Malaysia }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/advanced-voting-replaces-postal-voting-for-security-forces |title=Main – Malaysia – Advance voting replaces postal voting for security forces @ Mon Dec 19 2011 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref> The Election Commission will for the first time introduce postal voting for Malaysians who reside overseas. However these have come with conditions, among them being overseas Malaysians have to had been in Malaysia a number of times in the last five years. Overseas Malaysians residing in Singapore, southern [[Thailand]], [[Brunei]] or [[Kalimantan]] in Indonesia are also not qualified to register as postal voters but must return to their constituency if they are to cast their ballots.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/litee/malaysia/article/dap-blames-ec-for-low-overseas-postal-voter-registrations |title=Lite – Malaysia – DAP blames EC for low overseas postal voter registrations @ Fri Apr 05 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref> The EC will also permit the disabled to bring along an assistant into the polling booth to aid them in the voting process.<ref>The Star: [http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/4/3/nation/20130403154824&sec=nation GE13: Election Commission to implement more than 10 new measures for transparency], 4 April 2013</ref> === Barisan Nasional === When Najib took over from Abdullah Badawi, he began enlarging the budget of the Prime Minister's Department, where he appointed [[Koh Tsu Koon]] to be in charge of the Government Transformation Programme (GTP), which includes monitoring the performance of ministries and six national key result areas (NKRAs) through Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). He also appointed the former CEO of [[Malaysian Airlines]] [[Idris Jala]] to help monitor the implementation of the KPIs in the form of the government's Performance Management and Delivery Unit (Pemandu).<ref>[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/9/2/nation/20090902124016&sec=nation Idris Jala sworn in as minister] The Star.</ref> Najib's administration also introduced the slogan [[1Malaysia]] in which he called for the embracing all Malaysians of various ethnic groups, national unity and efficient governance. This became public policy, involving various initiatives like the introduction of [[Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia|discount grocery stores]] to help the poor, 1Malaysia clinics providing free basic medical services and free email accounts (1Malaysia Email) for the Malaysian populace. His administration also began the distribution of financial aid to Malaysian households earning less than RM3,000 called 1Malaysia People's Aid or ''Bantuan Rakyat 1Malaysia'' (BR1M). A second round of BR1M financial allocations were made out in February 2013 totalling RM2.6 billion.<ref>{{cite web|author=Home About Us MP ADUN Organisation Contact Us Sitemap |url=http://www.barisannasional.org.my/en/br1m |title=BR1M |publisher=Barisan Nasional }}</ref> Another issue that has arisen is UMNO endorsing controversial candidates from the Malay right-wing group [[Perkasa]] to contest in the upcoming elections such as [[Zulkifli Noordin]] and [[Ibrahim Ali (Malaysia)|Ibrahim Ali]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/muhyiddin-labels-zul-noordin-a-man-with-calibre |title=Main – Malaysia – Muhyiddin labels Zul Noordin a 'man with calibre' @ Fri Apr 19 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref> Although Ibrahim Ali will contest the [[Pasir Mas]] parliamentary seat as an independent candidate, the BN candidate who was supposed to challenge Ibrahim Ali did not file his nomination papers. The Pasir Mas parliamentary seat is the only seat without a BN candidate in this elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227426 |title=BN pulls out, Ibrahim Ali in straight fight for Pasir Mas |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=20 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227499 |title=Perkasa chief like 'father' to me, says Che Johan |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=20 April 2013}}</ref> During the election campaign [[Muhyiddin Yassin]], the incumbent Deputy Prime Minister had called for Malay Muslims to fight the alleged spread of [[LGBT]] movements and freedom of religion among the Malays.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/shun-fatwas-from-politicians-muhyiddin-tells-muslims/ |title=Main – Malaysia – Beware of LGBT and freedom of religion movements, Muhyiddin tells Muslims @ Mon Apr 22 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref> Furthermore, Najib has said that his government will defend the prohibition of the [[Titular Roman Catholic Archbishop of Kuala Lumpur v. Menteri Dalam Negeri|usage of the word 'Allah']] by non-Muslims, which is currently being challenged in court.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228095 |title=Najib defends ban on use of 'Allah' by non-Muslims |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/najib-defends-allah-ban-rules-out-election-debate/ |title=Main – Malaysia – Najib defends 'Allah' ban, rules out election debate @ Fri Apr 26 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/17/najib-not-sincere-over-allah-issue/ |title=Najib not sincere over Allah issue |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=17 March 2013}}</ref> === Pakatan Rakyat === The opposition Pakatan Rakyat (PR) has remain focused on the good governance of the Malaysian states (Kedah, Penang, Kelantan and Selangor) that they currently control despite not getting full assistance from the federal government<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/first/178793-building-pakatan-states.html |title=Building Pakatan states |publisher=Theedgemalaysia.com |date=16 December 2010}}</ref> One of the points they have made is the strong economic performance of the two states of Penang and Selangor which were reported in the media to have attracted higher business investments compared to other state governments with a BN majority.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/penang-selangor-proof-malaysia-will-thrive-under-pakatan-says-pua |title=Main – Malaysia – Penang, Selangor proof Malaysia will thrive under Pakatan, says Pua @ Sat Jan 28 2012 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref> Some aspects of Pakatan's Election Manifesto is borrowed from their administrative masterplan [[Buku Jingga]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/election/news/show/pakatan-rakyat-unveiled-general-election-manifesto-8454 |title=Pakatan Rakyat unveiled general election manifesto |publisher=Astro Awani |date=4 April 2013}}</ref> In 2011, Penang and Selangor recorded a total of RM 17.8 billion in investments in the manufacturing sector, slightly more than 30% of the national share.<ref>{{cite web|title=MALAYSIA INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE 2011|publisher=Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA)|accessdate=15 April 2013|date=February 2012}}</ref> [[File:Supporter of Nik Aziz Nik Mat.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A PAS supporter at a rally calling for the removal of unfair government policies at the [[People's Uprising Rally, 2013|''Himpunan Kebangkitan Rakyat'', January 2013]].]] PR has announced its intention to replace the [[Malaysian New Economic Policy#Criticism|criticised]] [[Malaysian New Economic Policy|New Economic Policy]] which they claim is discriminatory and only benefits certain groups of people, such as UMNO-connected individuals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=66662:dr-m-says-he-fears-prs-promise-to-remove-nep&Itemid=2 |title=Dr M says he fears PR's promise to remove NEP |publisher=Malaysia-chronicle.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/88943 |title=Pakatan to dump NEP if it seizes power |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=2 September 2008}}</ref> Another main election promise they have brought up is to cut the amount of spending wastages and will use direct aid to pay for social causes and provide free education around the country.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/08/rafizi-pakatan-will-retain-br1m/ |title=Rafizi: Pakatan will retain direct cash aid |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=8 April 2013}}</ref> One of the other issues is the Pakatan Rakyat's tussle for control of water company [[Selangor water works|Syabas]] with the federal government, which have allegedly been mismanaging their operations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/selangor-still-waiting-for-putrajayas-reply-on-syabas-mb-says |title=Main – Malaysia – Selangor still waiting for Putrajaya's reply on SYABAS, MB says @ Sat Feb 09 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/putrajayas-rm120m-aid-to-syabas-will-not-solve-selangors-water-woes-khalid-says |title=Main – Malaysia – Putrajaya's RM120m aid to Syabas will not solve Selangor's water woes, Khalid says @ Sun Feb 03 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref> They have promised to give free water for the poor and unfortunate in the state of Selangor.<ref>{{cite web|author=The Malaysian Insider&nbsp;–&nbsp;Mon, 23 July 2012 |url=http://my.news.yahoo.com/pakatan-syabas-in-political-conspiracy-with-bn-053903951.html |title=Pakatan: Syabas in political conspiracy with BN – Yahoo!! News Malaysia |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=23 July 2012}}</ref> PR has also promised to close down the [[Lynas#Lynas Advanced Materials Plant Controversy|Lynas Advance Materials Plant]] situated in [[Kuantan]], Pahang if it is deemed unsafe.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/15/pakatan-will-shut-down-lynas-says-fuziah/ |title=Pakatan will shut down Lynas, says Fuziah |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=15 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/07/anwar-lynas-can-stay-if-proven-safe/ |title=Anwar: Lynas can stay if proven safe |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=7 March 2013}}</ref> This has received the support of [[Himpunan Hijau]], the green movement opposed to the operations of the Lynas plant, whose chairman, Wong Tack will be contesting in the elections under the DAP banner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/224320 |title=Lynas must go if Pakatan wins, says Wong Tack |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=19 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/19/wong-tack-keeps-himpunan-hijau-job-clarifies-lynas-stand/ |title=Wong Tack keeps Himpunan Hijau job, clarifies Lynas stand |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=19 March 2013}}</ref> PR has also promised to increase the petroleum royalty payments from national oil company [[Petronas]] to petroleum-producing states (Pahang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Sabah and Sarawak) in Malaysia,<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/24/pakatan-unveils-unique-manifesto-for-sabah/ |title=Pakatan unveils unique manifesto for Sabah |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=24 March 2013}}</ref> irrespective of the party that forms the next state government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/pakatan-dangles-oil-royalty-carrot-to-keep-kelantan |title=Main – Malaysia – Pakatan dangles oil royalty carrot to keep Kelantan @ Sat Nov 17 2012 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/231477-pakatan-promises-higher-oil-royalty-to-sabah-and-sawarak.html |title=Pakatan promises higher oil royalty to Sabah and Sawarak |publisher=Theedgemalaysia.com |date=25 February 2013}}</ref> On 13 April 2013, the Registrar of Societies (ROS) sent a letter to DAP due to technical glitches in the party polls, requesting several of DAP's members to attend an inquiry on 18 April 2013. This may endanger DAP's chance to contest in the general election due to fears the party might be deregistered.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/13/ros-action-on-dap-mala-fide/ |title=RoS action on DAP mala fide |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=13 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/dap-told-to-attend-ros-inquiry-on-april-18 |title=Main – Malaysia – DAP told to attend ROS inquiry on April 18 @ Sat Apr 13 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref> DAP had mulled the intention for their candidates to contest under the banner of PKR and PAS, but have received assurance from the ROS that their symbol can be used legally during the general elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/dap-confirms-using-pas-pkr-logos-in-ge13-after-ros-silence/ |title=Main – Malaysia – DAP confirms using PAS, PKR logos in GE13 after RoS silence @ Fri Apr 19 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Woon|first=Leven|title=ROS tells DAP to use its symbol|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/20/ros-tells-dap-to-use-its-symbol/|accessdate=24 April 2013}}</ref> In Sarawak, opposition party DAP had put up election billboards highlighting the issue of [[Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa|murdered Mongolian Altantuyaa Sharibuu]], but these billboards were torn down by enforcement officers. Following protests made by local DAP members, it was explained that the election billboards were removed as it depicted a person who was not contesting in the elections.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/27/who-killed-altantuya-billboards-demolished/ |title=‘Who killed Altantuya?’ billboards demolished |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=27 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228353 |title=Altantuya billboard removed as 'she is not contesting' |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=28 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/04/30/dap-members-protest-dismantling-of-billboards/ |title=DAP members protest dismantling of billboards |publisher=Theborneopost.com |date=30 April 2013}}</ref> ===Third parties=== The upcoming election has brought the entry of many third parties that may influence the election outcome in many parliament and state seats. Indian-based party [[Human Rights Party Malaysia]], which was instrumental in organising Indians in protests against the government such as [[HINDRAF|Hindraf rally]] in 2007, will be contesting in several seats in [[Peninsular Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=GE13: Uthayakumar wants to contest 2 seats as Hindraf rep|url=http://www.theedgemalaysia.com/political-news/235074-ge13-uthayakumar-wants-to-contest-2-seats-as-hindraf-rep.html|accessdate=24 April 2013|author=Chen Shaua Fui}}</ref> Currently, there are two camps in Hindraf: one aligned to Barisan Nasional<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fz.com/content/ge13-uthaya-slams-hindraf-hijackers-says-mou-not-acceptable |title=GE13: Uthaya slams 'Hindraf hijackers', says MoU not acceptable &#124; FZ : Malaysia News – General, Political, National, Business, World |publisher=FZ |date=18 April 2013}}</ref> and another that is neutral.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.harakahdaily.net/index.php/berita-utama/7073-uthayakumar-to-indians-vote-pr-if-you-like-but-reject-bn.html |title=Uthayakumar to Indians: Vote PR if you like, but reject BN |publisher=En.harakahdaily.net |date=18 April 2013}}</ref> [[Borneo]]-based parties such as [[Sabah Progressive Party]] (SAPP) (a former BN coalition partner) and the [[State Reform Party]] (STAR) will be contesting the election on their own after a breakdown in talks with PR in having one to one contests against BN.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/10/opposition-%E2%80%98spoilers%E2%80%99-giving-sabah-bn-quiet-wins/ |title=Opposition 'spoilers' giving Sabah BN quiet wins |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=10 April 2013}}</ref> The entry of these parties have brought about multi-cornered fights in Sabah and Sarawak. One of the main issues they have brought up is the increasing number of [[Project IC|illegals in Sabah]] and of the [[Royal Commission of Inquiry on illegal immigrants in Sabah]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/05/ic-row-will-native-parties-quit-bn/ |title=IC row: Will native parties quit BN? |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=5 April 2013}}</ref> Furthermore, SAPP and STAR are partners in the [[United Borneo Alliance|United Borneo Front]] which is fighting for the equal status of Sabah and Sarawak as stipulated in the [[Malaysia Agreement]] that was made in 1963.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/12/16/nation/20101216200241&sec=nation |title=Jeffrey Kitingan forms United Borneo Front to get more for Sabah, Sarawak |work=The Star|location=Malaysia }}</ref> === Bersih factor=== [[File:Bersih 2 protest.jpg|thumb|Bersih rally in KL in 2011 calling for electoral reforms]] The election watchdog group [[Bersih]] will be a big factor in the elections as they were responsible for organising large rallies calling for the electoral reforms in Malaysia in [[Bersih 2.0 rally|2011]] and [[Bersih 3.0 rally|2012]]. They have pointed out that the electoral roll was marred by irregularities such as gerrymandering, phantom voters, malapportionment and postal vote fraud. Bersih has also warned against politicians or groups that support intimidation and violence against the electorate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking_news_detail.asp?id=33614 |title=Fears of phantom voters, vote buying, and media bias cloud Malaysia poll |work=The Standard |date=6 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/asia-report/malaysia-elections/news/story/stop-intimidating-voters-bersih-tells-bn-201 |title=Stop intimidating voters, Bersih tells BN |work=The Straits Times |date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.selangortimes.com/index.php?section=news&permalink=20130329103515-bersih-wants-violent-politicians-out |title=Bersih wants violent politicians out |publisher=Selangor Times |date=29 March 2013}}</ref> Bersih has added to its blacklist of politicians who perpetuate the cycle of political violence such as Home Minister [[Hishammuddin Hussein]], Defence Minister [[Ahmad Zahid Hamidi|Zahid Hamidi]] and BN candidate Hamidah Othman.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227987 |title=BN's Hamidah blacklisted for political violence |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=25 April 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=80011:shame-hisham-zahid-blacklisted-by-bersih&Itemid=2 |title=SHAME! Hisham, Zahid blacklisted by BERSIH |publisher=Malaysia-chronicle.com }}</ref> Bersih has criticised both the BN-majority federal and PR-majority Selangor state caretaker governments for using government resources for election campaigning purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227185 |title=Bersih slams BN for scare tactics, misuse of resources |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=18 April 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thesundaily.my/news/659800]{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref> ==Incidents== During the first three days of the official campaigning period, a total of 387 incidents were reported, with no fewer than 15 people arrested by the police for investigation. On 23 April 2013 in [[Nibong Tebal]], an [[Improvised Explosive Device]] (IED) exploded at the site of a BN rally, injuring one. The police subsequently discovered a second IED at the site, which was later safely detonated. Both the incumbent Prime Minister Najib Razak and opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim have condemned the violence.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysian election violence spikes with bombing: police|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g4ojMFO0AzN0JFlBaVM6SAYg3D3g?docId=CNG.670836a3fca949fec2be618bd57c3997.181|agency=Agence France-Presse|accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysia elections: Cops find second device at blast site of BN ceramah|url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130425-418214.html|publisher=The Star/Asia News Network|accessdate=25 April 2013|author=Christopher Tan and Tan Sin Chow}}</ref> The bombings have also been condemned by Bersih who said that all politicians should condemn the violence regardless of party affiliation. Bersih has offered to monitor police reports made on political violence and incidents of electoral misconduct.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/18/bersih-offers-to-monitor-political-violence/ |title=Bersih offers to monitor 'political violence' |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=18 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228040 |title=Bersih condemns bombings targeting BN |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=25 April 2013}}</ref> There has also been disruptions of opposition political gatherings by [[Mat Rempit|bikers]]. On 24 April 2013, a press photographer was assaulted by bikers spotted wearing 1Malaysia shirts at a gathering by DAP in [[Bukit Gelugor]]. The state BN chief has denied any connection with the incident.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/25/teng-unruly-mat-rempits-not-ours/ |title=Teng: Unruly Mat Rempits not ours |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=25 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiakini2.com/?p=71567 |title=Tian Chua's ceramah disrupted yet again in Malacca &#124; Free MalaysiaKini |publisher=Freemalaysiakini2.com |date=21 March 2013}}</ref> Additionally, there have been numerous reports of vandalism against vehicles used by opposition politicians and their supporters. In one incident, two cars belonging to a PKR candidate's daughter were damaged following an arson attempt at her residence in [[Klang (city)|Klang]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228062 |title=Cars of PKR candidate's daughter set ablaze |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=26 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/223251 |title=More violence at Pakatan ceramah in Malacca |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=8 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/208960 |title=Stone and nails greet PKR's entourage in Johor |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=14 September 2012}}</ref> A number of sexually explicit videos allegedly portraying opposition figures have surfaced in cyberspace, notably on blogs hostile towards the Pakatan Rakyat.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/25/most-malaysians-not-influenced-by-sex-videos/ |title=Malaysians 'not influenced' by sex videos |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=25 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/12/exposed-mustafa-ali-sex-video/ |title=Exposed: ‘Mustafa Ali’ sex video |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=12 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/after-anwar-sex-video-of-nurul-izzah-to-be-released-soon-claims-pkr |title=Main – Malaysia – After Anwar, sex video of Nurul Izzah to be released soon, claims PKR @ Tue Mar 26 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref> The secretary-general of PAS, Datuk Mustafa Ali, who was implicated in one of the videos has denied his involvement, with his lawyer calling the videos "a pure slander campaign by UMNO".<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysia GE13: PAS sec-gen Mustafa Ali's lawyer denies it's his client in sex video|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-ge13-pas-sec-gen-mustafa-alis-lawyer-denies-its-his-client-sex-|publisher=Straits Times|accessdate=26 April 2013|date=12 April 2013}}</ref> In turn, UMNO has sued Mustafa and his lawyer over those allegedly libelous statements.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysia election: Mustafa sued over sex video statements|url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130424-417986.html|publisher=The Star/Asia News Network|accessdate=26 April 2013|date=24 April 2013}}</ref> Anwar Ibrahim has also sued UMNO blogger and election candidate Wan Muhammad Azri Wan Deris for trying to implicate him in one of the explicit videos.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/21/anwar-sues-blogger-for-rm100-mil/ |title=Anwar sues blogger for RM100 mil |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=21 March 2013}}</ref> A number of [[Anti-Christian sentiment|anti-Christian]] billboards have appeared during the election campaign period, bringing up the ire of the [[Christian Federation of Malaysia]], who have called for the removal of such billboards.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/01/remove-anti-christian-billboards/ |title=‘Remove anti-Christian billboards’ |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228639 |title=Group deplores anti-Christian billboards in polls drive |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=1 May 2013}}</ref> Users of several online news and media websites, such as independent news site [[Malaysiakini]] have claimed that several Malaysian internet service providers (ISPs) were [[Bandwidth throttling|throttling]] their access speeds to the sites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228203 |title=Access to Malaysiakini 'restricted' by ISPs |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=28 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=93141:question-mark-over-local-isps-playing-politics&Itemid=2 |title=BOWING TO THE POLITICAL MASTERS: Local ISPs playing politics? |publisher=Malaysia-chronicle.com }}</ref> Several independent websites critical of the government, such as Radio Free Malaysia and Sarawak Report have experienced [[Denial-of-service attack|DDoS attacks]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/03/26/new-radio-station-under-ddos-under-attack/ |title=New radio station under DDOS attack |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=26 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=83482:kill-the-messenger-bn-jacks-up-ddos-attacks-on-swak-websites&Itemid=2 |title=Kill The Messenger! BN jacks up DDOS attacks on S'wak websites |publisher=Malaysia-chronicle.com |date=11 April 2013}}</ref> Malaysiakini have claimed that their Twitter account was hacked and their videos unaccessible through local ISPs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228305 |title=Mkini Twitter accounts hijacked |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=28 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228819 |title=China-style censorship blocking KiniTV videos |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=2 May 2013}}</ref> There have been a number of reports by the opposition alleging that the incumbent government is flying in thousands of foreigners to parts of Malaysia to influence the outcome of the vote in favour of BN.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/02/explain-pmos-role-in-flying-in-dubious-voters/ |title=‘Explain PMO’s role in flying in dubious voters’ |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=2 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/anwar-claims-ec-pmo-in-mass-suspect-voters-ploy |title=Main – Malaysia – Anwar claims mass suspect-voters ploy in GE13 @ Thu May 02 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref> BN in turn has denied any wrongdoing, saying these flights were sponsored by "friends of BN".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/flights-for-voters-normal-paid-for-by-friends-of-bn-says-tengku-adnan |title=Main – Malaysia – Flights for voters 'normal', paid for by friends of BN, says Tengku Adnan @ Thu May 02 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=96061:tengku-adnan-admits-chartering-flights-for-voters&Itemid=2 |title=Tengku Adnan admits chartering flights for voters |publisher=Malaysia-chronicle.com }}</ref> Bersih has called the provision of flights for voters an election offence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/election-offence-to-provide-flights-for-voters-says-ambiga |title=Main – Malaysia – Election offence to provide flights for voters, says Ambiga @ Fri May 03 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/229036 |title=Bersih slams the thousands of air-flown dubious voters |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=4 May 2013}}</ref> The opposition said that many of their supporters and agents will be monitoring the situation and making [[Citizen's arrest#Malaysia|citizen's arrests]] of foreigners who vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/watchdogs-on-foreigners-fishy-behaviour-in-ge13-says-pas/ |title=Main – Malaysia – Watchdogs on foreigners’ 'fishy behaviour' in GE13, says PAS @ Sat May 04 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=97121:watch-out-cheaters-dubious-voters-to-face-citizens-arrest-klang-mp&Itemid=2 |title=WATCH OUT CHEATERS! Dubious voters to face citizen's arrest – Klang MP |publisher=Malaysia-chronicle.com }}</ref> ==Manifestos== Both the incumbent Barisan Nasional and Pakatan Rakyat have released national election manifestos as one of the means to present their viewpoints to the public. Both manifestos are available in 6 languages: [[Malaysian language|Bahasa Malaysia]], English, [[Mandarin Chinese|Chinese]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Coastal Kadazan language|Kadazan]]-[[Dusunic language|dusun]] and [[Iban language|Iban]]. Both parties, through their respective manifestos have pledged or committed a number of actions should they be given the mandate to form the next government. In addition, they have also released several manifestos tailored to the needs of each specific state. The state manifestos go into greater depth about issues relevant to local residents.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hong |first=Carolyn |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/asia-report/malaysia-elections/news/story/war-manifestos-kicks-20130414 |title='War of manifestos' kicks off |work=The Straits Times }}</ref> ===BN manifesto=== The national BN manifesto pledges the following commitments to be realised within the next 5 years if and when they secure a mandate to form the next Malaysian government:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=nation&file=/2013/4/6/nation/20130406221504 |title=GE13: BARISAN NASIONAL MANIFESTO |work=The Star|location=Malaysia }}</ref> {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Cost of Living}} # Increasing financial assistance [http://www.br1m3.com BR1M 2015 online] to RM1200 for households and RM600 for singles annually # Increasing 1Malaysia Book Vouchers to RM300 and Schooling Aid to RM150 # Gradually reduce car prices by 20–30% # Increase the competitiveness of national cars # Increase the number of Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia # Introduce 1Malaysia products in petrol stations and hypermarkets # Open 1Malaysia clinics in high density housing communities # Set up more 1Malaysia Day Care Centers # Lower broadband fees by at least 20% with guaranteed bandwidth # Introduce a 1Country 1Price policy for essential goods # Introduce more 1Malaysia products {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Urban Well-being}} # Set up a new Ministry to address urban economic and social challenges # Increase representation of NGOs and civil society in local government # Rehabilitate low cost houses and flats in cities # Undertake the maintenance of public housing infrastructure # Provide quality public housing, catering to the needs of the younger generation # Provide recreational areas and facilities in urban centres # Ensure sufficient educational, training and healthcare services and facilities # Improve the transport links between urban centres and their surrounds # Open more temporary shelters for the homeless in high demand areas {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Affordable & Secure Housing}} # Build 1,000,000 affordable homes including 500,000 PR1MA houses # Pricing PR1MA houses at 20% below market prices or cheaper # Introduce a lease and own scheme for Government housing projects # Revive abandoned housing projects # Assist poor home owners to rehabilitate their houses # Replace squatter settlements with permanent housing # Improve housing in estates and providing houses for former estate workers # Abolish stamping fees for first home purchases below RM400,000 {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Quality Health Services}} # Provide every Malaysian with access to quality healthcare # Establish a Heart Centre and Cancer Centre in 6 locations (4 in Peninsular Malaysia, 1 each for Sabah and Sarawak) # Provide public facilities for dialysis treatment in every high-density area # Provide discounted prices of specific medications for Malaysians with special needs # Introduce a support system for palliative home care for the aged and terminally ill {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Public Transportation}} # Expand the Rapid Bus System to every state capital, with facilities for the aged and disabled # Continue expansion of rail systems # Build integrated bus, rail and taxi terminals in all towns and cities # Re-route buses to ensure more efficient and accessible services # Increase individual taxi permits # Implement a national high-speed rail and expand the double-tracked railway system {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Infrastructure Development & Rural Transformation}} # Rapidly expand the North-South Expressway with more lands and exits # Build a Pan Borneo Highway from Semantan, Sarawak to Serudung, Sabah # Extend the East Coast Highway from Kuala Krai – Kota Bharu & Gambang – Segamat # Build a West Coast Highway from Banting to Taiping # Reduce intra-city tolls # Implement the 21st Century Village concept # Build more paved roads (6,300&nbsp;km in Peninsular Malaysia, 2,500&nbsp;km in Sabah and 2,800&nbsp;km in Sarawak) # Solve the water supply problems in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Kelantan # Extend supply of clean water to another 320,000 homes # Expand electricity supply to another 146,000 homes # Compel service providers to ensure quality mobile phone services {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Economy}} # Attract RM1.3 trillion of investments # Create 3.3 million new jobs, two million of which will be in high-income sectors # Build towards a per capita income of US$15,000 by year 2020 # Provide special incentives for innovative and creative ventures # Implement policies that are fair and equitable to all races in Malaysia # Enhance the effectiveness of the Bumiputra agenda # Allocate more land and increase productivity of land for food and livestock production # Reform the tax structure to reduce personal and corporate tax # Continue special funding exceeding 20% of oil and gas revenue to oil and gas producing states # Establish a National Trading Company to source overseas markets for SME products # Create & promote more global and regional champions # Divesting non-strategic GLCs and increasing outsourcing programmes for Bumiputra companies # Provide RM500 million in seed funds to increase the equity of the Indian community to at least 3% # Set up a special unit to ensure successful implementation of policies for the Indian community # Increase access to microcredit for all Malaysians, including RM100 million for hawkers and petty traders {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Educational Excellence}} # Bring Malaysia into the "top third category" of the best education systems in the world # Improve the command of Bahasa Malaysia and English among students # Make English a compulsory SPM pass subject # Improve access to quality education for rural and minority communities # Provide more merit-based scholarships # Continue special allocations to all types of schools # Expand Single Session Schooling # Revamp Teacher Training Colleges & raise the qualification bar for trainee teachers # Introduce a simplified teaching and learning system for Bahasa Malaysia in Chinese and Tamil schools # Build more schools of all types # Enhance performance in Mathematics and Science # Provide financial incentives of RM100,000 for schools with classes for special needs children # Convert SJKTs that wish to change status into fully aided schools # Set up ICT labs in all schools that require them # Transform vocational schools into colleges and increase enrolment to 20% of student population # Expand pre-school education to cover all types of schools # Provide new career pathways for fast tracking promotion of 420,000 teachers # Provide free WiFi on all public institution campuses # Introduce a laptop ownership scheme in schools {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Security & Public Safety}} # Add four thousand police personnel per year # Strengthen the Motorcycle Patrol Unit by 5000 vehicles # Enhance the total capability of the Armed Forces # Strengthen the Police Commission # Use the 6P system to curb the influx of illegal foreigners # Create the SafeCam Programme to link up private and public CCTV systems # Expansion of CCTV monitoring for high traffic public areas # Introduce security initiatives in public housing schemes # Enrol an additional 50,000 Police Volunteer Reserves {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Women's Participation}} # Increase the number of women in national decision-making # Promote gender equality # Provide more business and income opportunities for women # Create for incentives for work-from-home initiatives # Open 1Malaysia Daycare centres in all GLCs and Government Offices # Tighten laws regarding sexual abuse and harassment in homes and at work {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Youth}} # Provide funding, training and incentives for youth-centric commercial ventures # Provide commercial space for youths to exhibit & market creative products and services # Establish incubators to nurture leadership and creativity # Provide more free WiFi hotspots in rural and semi-urban areas # Produce more high performance athletes & promoting a healthy lifestyle # Revisit laws pertaining to entertainment to promote performing arts & culture {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Social Safety Nets}} # Streamline and improve safety net assistance # Provide financial assistance & educational opportunities for lower income earners # Turn Brickfields into a blind-friendly zone # Set up special courts to deal with Native Customary Rights (NCR) issues # Gazette all native customary land in consultation with State Governments # Provide more income generating opportunities within indigenous communities # Provide funds for registered NGOs and Civil Society Movements {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Upholding Islam, Respecting Religious Freedom & Harmony}} # Uphold Islam as the religion of the Federation # Promote the Syiar & Syariat of Islam in accordance with the principles of Maqasia Syariah # Ensure other religions can be practised in peace and harmony # Assign jurisdiction over non-Muslim matters to a Minister # Practise moderation in all undertakings # Increase initiatives in uniting the ummah # Unlock income from developing wakaf land in co-operation with State Religious Authorities # Increase tax exemptions for contributions to construction, expansion and upkeep of places of worship # Continue to allocate land for building places of worship # Provide more financial assistance to religious institutions & places of worship # Improve the welfare of Imam, mosque officials & Guru-Guru Kafa # Upgrade the quality of and provide financial assistance to Sekolah Agama Rakyat {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Fighting Corruption}} # Publicly disclose contracts to enhance transparency in Government procurement # Establish a Service Commission in MACC # Elevate the Head & Senior Officers of the MACC to a higher level # Give equal emphasis on investigations into bribe givers and receivers # Fast track access to the Auditor-General's Performance Audit Report # Establish additional special corruption Sessions and High Courts # Implement integrity pacts for MPs and State Assemblymen {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Public Service & Governance}} # Introduce the Transformative Salary Scheme for civil servants # Include more opportunities for promotion and development in the civil service # Extend the tenure of contract officers and appointing them who are competent # Expand Urban Transformation Centres to all major cities and towns # Mobilize and empower the civil service # Improve counter services through appointment of multi-racial frontliners and expanding on-line services # Introduce recruitment programmes to ensure a fair mix of all races in civil service # Enhance the potential, capacity & capability of all civil servants # Give special attention to the disabled {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=A Global Movement of Moderates}} # Fight for the establishment of a Palestinian state # Support the realisation of ASEAN as an economic community by 2015 # Vie for a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council # Enhance economic & bilateral interests with major trading partners # Take the lead in fighting trans-national crimes # Spearhead humanitarian outreach programmes in conflict areas {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=Preserving Nature}} # Give financial incentives to ventures which invest in renewable green energy # Allocate more space for green lungs within major cities # Increase allocations and enact stricter laws to preserve rivers, forests and strategic conservation areas # Undertake reforestation programmes # Increase educational programmes to inculcate appreciation of the environment # Employ green and state of the art technologies in waste disposal & management {{hidden end}} ===PR manifesto=== The national PR manifesto has outlined the actions they will take if they form the next Malaysian government.<ref>'''The People's Hope''' -Malaysia 2023: A Decade of Pakatan Rakyat administration http://www.pakatanrakyat.my/files/ENG-Manifesto-BOOK.pdf</ref> {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=The Fraternity of the People}} # Eliminate discrimination # Respect the position of Islam as the official religion, while guaranteeing the freedom of other religions # Elevate culture as the positive foundation of community living # Raise from 5% to 20% the royalty payments for oil- and gas-producing states # Set up a contribution fund for married women, with the government contributing RM50 per month and their husbands contributing RM10 – RM100 per month # Provide a bonus of RM1,000 annually to each senior citizen aged 60 and above # Allocate RM220 million annually to 1,854 ''Sekolah Janaan Rakyat'' # Recognize the [[Unified Examinations Certificate#Unified Examination Certificate (UEC)|Unified Examination Certificate]] (UEC) for admission to tertiary education and as academic qualification for jobs # Restore the autonomy of Sabah and Sarawak in accordance with the provision of the Federal Constitution # Ensure equitable power-sharing between Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia # Cleanup of the citizenship registry list and curb the granting of [[Royal Commission of Inquiry on illegal immigrants in Sabah|false citizenships]] # Set up a Land Commission to investigate, resolve disputes, rejuvenate, study and restore Native Customary Rights to their rightful owners # Affirm the appointment of Sabahans and Sarawakians to hold offices in the Government # Raise the level of infrastructure development in Sabah and Sarawak # Reserve 141,000 [[Hectare|ha]] of [[Orang Asli]] land to be returned to them # Supply clean water and electricity to 852 Orang Asli settlements # Award a total of 5,000 educational scholarships to Orang Asli children The following actions have been pledged to be implemented immediately, in accordance with the [[Kuching Declaration]]: * Eliminate the cabotage system that increases the price of household goods in Sabah and Sarawak * Create investment incentives conditional upon the creation of job opportunities in Sabah and Sarawak * Establishing two tier-2 oil companies owned by the Governments of Sabah and Sarawak that will join the country's oil and gas industry * Initiate the construction of highways across Sabah and Sarawak which will connect Kuching to Kota Kinabalu and Kudat * Halt the construction of dams that destroy the environment and displace the local population from their homes {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=The People's Economy}} # Provide one million job opportunities for the people within five years via progressive reduction of foreign workers # Introduce a minimum wage scheme of RM1,100 per month # Allocate RM2 billion for automation incentives and grants to eligible companies to facilitate implementation of minimum wage scheme # Train one million school leavers without higher education under the People's Pioneer Scheme # Set up five technical universities within ten years # Build twenty-five new vocational schools throughout the country # Set up a Royal Commission to study the overall improvement of the education system # Abolish all laws which are biased and oppressive to the working class # Provide funding to cultivate a smart partnership of trade unions, employees and employers # Set up a National Innovation Fund totalling RM500 million # Reshuffle tax incentives to shift the focus of assistance from large industries to SMIs # Revamp the 26% personal income tax bracket to affect individuals earning more than RM400,000 instead of the current RM250,000 # Halt operations of the Lynas rare earth plant in Gebeng, Pahang # Review the implementation phases of the RAPID project in Pengerang # Reform all existing legislation related to logging, and regulate logging activities # Allocate RM500 million to assist participation of ex-soldiers in economic activities # Increase the government contribution to the Armed Forces Fund Board (AFFB) from 15% to 20% # Introduce a Soldiers’ Dividend which will remunerate non-pensionable veterans to the amount of RM2,000 per year # Introduce individual taxi permits # Train taxi entrepreneurs in customer service and business skills # Provide fuel subsidies to taxi entrepreneurs # Expand the scope of permitted investments and grants under the existing Petroleum Fund # Provide tax relief for goods or services derived from R&D in universities or public research centres # Provide tax relief in the form of investment incentives and tax relief for research centres and researchers brought in # Provide investment incentives for successfully commercialised Malaysian R&D products # Make public transport free for differently abled people # Remodel the planning of the Klang Valley public transportation system to an integrated plan involving MRT and buses to improve the existing network and access # Examine each contract awarded in the MRT package in light of updated legislation # Invest an additional RM2 billion in the first year to double the number of buses and bus routes in the Klang Valley # Initiate steps towards building the first inter-city high-speed rail system in Southeast Asia # Establish an Anti-Monopoly Commission and amend existing laws relating to competition # Establish a Public Contracts Commission # Dissolve 1MDB so that Khazanah remains the only state investment body # Disposal and handover of government holdings in government-linked companies (GLCs) which are not involved in businesses of national importance # Restructure the role of Ekuinas so that the agency assists in the takeover of GLCs by the management and qualified entrepreneurs # Ensure overall implementation of procurement by open tender in the management of public entities {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=The People's Well-Being}} # Distribute gains from the extra oil revenue profit by lowering petrol and diesel prices. # Channel RM25 billion from gas company subsidies directly to the people via reduced electricity tariffs # Discontinue private water management concessions that have resulted in high water tariffs # Take over management of highways with the intention of gradually abolishing tolls # Lower the car excise tax in stages with the intention of abolishing it in 5 years’ time # Liberalise the national automotive industry # Build 150,000 low- and medium- cost homes within the first term of administration # Invest RM 5 billion in the first year for affordable housing, followed by RM 2 billion for the following years # Provide free higher education in all public institutions, and subsidise fees for students in private institutions # Provide a living cost allowance for students who are not financially well-off # Stop implementation of Automatic Enforcement System (AES) for road users and rescind all AES summonses # Review all compensation claims as a result of the GER manipulation and pay appropriate compensation to affected FELDA settlers. # Increase police personnel's remuneration by 15% in stages # Increase personnel strength of the Crime Investigation Department (CID) # Allocate an additional of RM 50 million a year to build police posts in places of high public concentration # Allocate a further RM 200 million a year to increase the police's capabilities and effectiveness in forensic investigation. # Reject all attempts to introduce a healthcare tax # Ensure free healthcare for all Malaysians through government hospitals while incentivising the private sector to provide healthcare services at a reasonable rate # Abolish fees for Class 2 and Class 3 wards. # Abolish monopolies on pharmaceutical supplies, hospital construction, and medical infrastructure # Improve specialist treatments to the low-income group for complicated surgeries # Fulfill the target of one doctor to 550 citizens in the first term of administration # Increase welfare assistance from RM300 a month to RM500 a month # Establish a National Commodity Fund to assist families affected by sudden drops in commodity prices {{hidden end}} {{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|titlestyle=text-align:center|title=The People's Government}} # Add value to wakaf land that will generate economic welfare for the people # Target to double the current Tabung Haji fund amount within ten years of Pakatan Rakyat administration # Ensure that the right to religious freedom and religious practice for other religions will be upheld # Deploy a new remuneration package for civil servants that will factor excellent work performance, length of service and leadership qualities # Implement the 8 demands of BERSIH as electoral reform # Implement automatic voter registration upon reaching eligible voting age # Clean-up electoral roll within 100 days of coming to power # Reform the judiciary, Attorney General's Chambers, Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) and Royal Malaysian Police Force (PDRM) # Restore the powers and freedom of Parliament as the voice of the people # Introduce the parliamentary select committee system in crucial ministries # Abolish all legislation that restricts media freedom # Corporatise government-owned broadcasting institutions such as Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM) # Respect the maturity of media practitioners in operating the media industry # Abolish the Universities and Universities Colleges Act (UUCA) within 100 days of Pakatan Rakyat administration # Selection of vice-chancellor and rectors in public higher education institutions will be made by an independent evaluating committee # Perform a thorough review of all legislations that are in conflict with principles of justice for and freedom of the people and abolish them within the first year # Enforce a Democracy Restoration Act to further strengthen the basic rights of the people # Release and apologise to all Internal Security Act (ISA) detainees from the past to the present # Restructure MACC's power and leadership to rebuild its integrity # Restructure the practices and processes of MACC to focus on investigation and prosecution towards big corruption cases that involve the public interest # Tighten corruption-related legislation (including the Whistleblower Protection Act) to firmly implement anti-corruption laws {{hidden end}} == Nominations == Nominations for candidates were made on 20 April 2013 between 9&nbsp;am and 10&nbsp;am. For the first time in Malaysian electoral history, all seats will be contested and no candidate won a seat unopposed, with some candidates facing as many as 6 opponents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/making-sense-of-nomination-day-for-ge13 |title=Main – Malaysia – Making sense of Nomination Day for GE13 @ Sat Apr 20 2013 |publisher=Themalaysianinsider.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/20/rebels-independents-and-multi-cornered-fights/ |title=Rebels, independents and multi-cornered fights |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=20 April 2013}}</ref> A total of 579 parliamentary candidates will be contesting 222 parliamentary seats. For the 505 state seats, there will be a total of 1,322 candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/227416 |title=Hundreds of Independents flood final tally |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=20 April 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://keputusan.spr.gov.my/#dun Statistik Keseluhuran Bagi DUN PRU13]</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Party !! Parliamentary seats contesting !! State assembly seats contesting |- | [[Barisan Nasional|BN]] || 221 || 505 |- | [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]] || 73 || 236 |- | [[People's Justice Party (Malaysia)|PKR]] || 99 || 172 |- | [[Democratic Action Party|DAP]] || 51 || 103 |- | [[State Reform Party|STAR]] || 28 || 49 |- | [[Sabah Progressive Party|SAPP]] || 8 || 41 |- | [[Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front|BERJASA]] || 9 || 5 |- | [[Malaysian People's Welfare Party|KITA]] || 2 || 11 |- | [[:ms:Parti Bersatu Sasa Malaysia|BERSAMA]] || 1 || 4 |- | [[Parti Cinta Malaysia|PCM]] || 2 || 3 |- | [[Parti Sosialis Malaysia|PSM]] || 0 || 2 |- | SWP || 6 || 0 |- | Independent || 79 || 191 |- class="sortbottom" | '''Total''' || '''579''' || '''1322''' |} == Voting process == Postal voting for overseas Malaysians were conducted in various Malaysian representative offices around the world. According to the Election Commission (EC), 70% of 8,756 people who were eligible to vote overseas turned up to vote despite some teething problems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/01/70-pct-turnout-for-overseas-postal-voting-ec/ |title=70 pct turnout for overseas postal voting – EC |publisher=Theborneopost.com |date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228571 |title=70pct turnout for overseas postal voting, says EC |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228390 |title=Mixed views as M'sians tackle postal vote in France |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=29 April 2013}}</ref> Early voting was conducted for military, police personnel and their spouses in 544 polling centres throughout Malaysia. It was estimated that there were 270,000 of these voters in total.<ref>http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/advance-voting-begins-in-malaysia/659578.html</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/se-asia/story/malaysia-ge13-advance-voting-underway-20130430 |title=Malaysia GE13: Advance voting underway |work=The Straits Times |date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://elections.thestar.com.my/story.aspx?file=/2013/4/30/nation/20130430094132 |title=GE13: Advance voting underway (updated) – 13th Malaysian General Election GE13 – The Star Online |work=The Star|location=Malaysia }}</ref> There have been several reports regarding the usage of indelible ink for early voters, with some claiming that the ink could be easily washed off.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228547 |title=Ink used on voter's index finger is NOT indelible |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/228612 |title=EC staff 'made mistake by not shaking indelible ink bottle' |publisher=Malaysiakini |date=1 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/01/early-voters-first-to-use-indelible-ink/ |title=Early voters first to use indelible ink |publisher=Theborneopost.com |date=1 May 2013}}</ref> The Election Commission has promised to conduct investigations on this issue after a number of reports lodged by several opposition parties.<ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/04/30/ec-probing-reports-on-indelible-ink/ |title=EC probing reports on indelible ink |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Letters from readers |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/01/ecs-excuse-unbelievable-says-wan-azizah/ |title=EC's excuse unbelievable, says Wan Azizah |publisher=Free Malaysia Today |date=1 May 2013}}</ref> On 2 May 2013, the EC held a public demonstration on the application of indelible ink. During this demonstration, the stain left behind by the ink was attempted to be washed off using various means, but without success. Addressing the earlier claims and reports of the stain being easily removed, EC deputy chairman Datuk Wan Ahmad Wan Omar stated that this could be due to improper application procedures. He said that if the ink bottles were not thoroughly shook before use, the applied ink may contain insufficient quantities of [[silver nitrate]], the compound used in the ink that leaves a permanent stain.<ref>{{cite web|title=EC holds demo on indelible ink|url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2013/05/02/ec-holds-demo-on-indelible-ink/|publisher=FMT|accessdate=2 May 2013|author=G Vinod}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysia election: EC staff will use indelible ink on polling day according to guidelines|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130502-419715.html|publisher=The Star/Asia News Network|accessdate=2 May 2013}}</ref> General voting began at 8.00&nbsp;am on 5 May 2013 with a total of 13,268,002 Malaysians eligible to cast their ballots at 8,789 polling centres nationwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=GE13: The Showdown|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/5/5/nation/20130505080256&sec=nation|accessdate=5 May 2013}}</ref> Voter turnout is expected to be at an all-time high surpassing the [[Malaysian general election, 2008|2008 election]]. As of 12&nbsp;pm, 58.99% of voters have cast their ballots, nationwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Almost 60 Per Cent Voted By Noon – EC|url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v7/newsindex.php?id=947557|accessdate=5 May 2013}}</ref> Voting closed at 5&nbsp;pm however voters inside the polling stations are allowed to continue casting their ballots. Estimated turnout was 80%.<ref>{{cite web|title=EC reports record 80pct turnout of voters|url=http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/229160|accessdate=5 May 2013}}</ref> ==Results== ===Parliament results=== [[File:Dewan Rakyat 2013 Equal Area.svg|thumb|400px|Equal-area representation of Parliament results with each hexagon representing one seat]] {{main|Results of the 2013 Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency}} {{Malaysian general election parliament results, 2013}} {{bar box | title=Popular vote | titlebar=#ddd | width=600px | barwidth=410px | bars= {{bar percent|'''PR'''|{{Pakatan Rakyat/meta/color}}|50.87}} {{bar percent|BN|{{Barisan Nasional/meta/color}}|47.38}} {{bar percent|Other|#777777|1.75}} }} {{bar box | title=Seats | titlebar=#ddd | width=600px | barwidth=410px | bars= {{bar percent|''' BN'''|{{Barisan Nasional/meta/color}}|59.91}} {{bar percent|PR|{{Pakatan Rakyat/meta/color}}|40.09}} }} ===State Assemblies=== [[File:Dewan Undangan Negeri 2013 Equal Area.svg|thumb|400px|Equal-area representation of the State Assemblies' results with each hexagon representing one seat]] {{main|State Election Results of the 2013 Malaysian General Elections}} ==Summary== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;" |+ Summary of the 2013 [[Malaysia]]n ''[[Dewan Undangan Negeri]]'' [[Malaysian general election, 2013|election results]] <ref>Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia (Election Commission of Malaysia) www.spr.gov.my/</ref><br /><nowiki>**</nowiki> Fraction of total popular votes in each state rounded to the nearest percent<br /><nowiki>*</nowiki> Fraction of total seats in each state rounded to the nearest percent<br />&#177; Change in number of seats from before the election |- !colspan="1" rowspan="2" | State / <br/>federal territory !colspan="5" style="background:{{Barisan Nasional/meta/color}}; color: white;" | Barisan Nasional !colspan="5" style="background:{{Pakatan Rakyat/meta/color}}; color: white;" | Pakatan Rakyat !colspan="5" style="background:{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}" | Independent and others !colspan=2| Total |- !Votes!!**!!Seats!!*!!&#177;!!Votes!!**!!Seats!!*!!&#177;!!Votes!!**!!Seats!!*!!&#177;!!Votes!!Seats |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Johor.svg}} [[Johor]] | 737,876 | 53.98% | 38 | 68% | {{decrease|-12}}12 | 625,965 | 45.79% | 18 | 32% | {{increase|12}}12 | 3,065 | 0.22% | 0 | 0% | {{steady|0}} ! 1,366,906 ! 56 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Kedah.svg}} [[Kedah]] | 449,278 | 50.37% | 21 | 58% | {{increase|7}}7 | 434,621 | 48.73% | 15 | 42% | {{decrease|-6}}6 | 7,993 | 0.90% | 0 | 0% | {{decrease|-1}}1 ! 891,892 ! 36 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Kelantan.svg}} [[Kelantan]] | 343,416 | 44.62% | 12 | 27% | {{increase|5}}5 | 425,291 | 55.26% | 33 | 73% | {{decrease|-5}}5 | 888 | 0.12% | 0 | 0% | {{steady|0}} ! 769,595 ! 45 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Malacca.svg}} [[Malacca]] | 201,228 | 53.31% | 21 | 75% | {{decrease|-2}}2 | 174,232 | 46.16% | 7 | 25% | {{increase|2}}2 | 1,995 | 0.53% | 0 | 0% | {{steady|0}} ! 377,455 ! 28 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Negeri Sembilan.svg}} [[Negeri Sembilan]] | 241,500 | 51.86% | 22 | 61% | {{increase|1}}1 | 220,779 | 47.41% | 14 | 39% | {{decrease|-1}}1 | 3,408 | 0.73% | 0 | 0% | {{steady|0}} ! 465,687 ! 36 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Pahang.svg}} [[Pahang]] | 330,868 | 54.09% | 30 | 71% | {{decrease|-8}}8 | 270,230 | 44.18% | 12 | 29% | {{increase|8}}8 | 10,607 | 1.73% | 0 | 0% | {{steady|0}} ! 611,705 ! 42 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Penang (Malaysia).svg}} [[Penang]] | 233,305 | 32.09% | 10 | 25% | {{decrease|-1}}1 | 490,739 | 67.50% | 30 | 75% | {{increase|1}}1 | 2,959 | 0.41% | 0 | 0% | {{steady|0}} ! 727,003 ! 40 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Perak.svg}} [[Perak]] | 506,947 | 44.40% | 31 | 53% | {{increase|3}}3 | 625,710 | 54.80% | 28 | 47% | {{increase|1}}1 | 9,122 | 0.80% | 0 | 0% | {{decrease|-4}}4 ! 1,141,779 ! 59 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Perlis.svg}} [[Perlis]] | 65,221 | 56.37% | 13 | 87% | {{steady|0}} | 48,375 | 41.81% | 2 | 13% | {{steady|0}} | 2,106 | 1.82% | 0 | 0% | {{steady|0}} ! 115,702 ! 15 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Sabah.svg}} [[Sabah]] | 428,634 | 55.67% | 48 | 80% | {{decrease|-9}}9 | 248,187 | 32.23% | 11 | 18% | {{increase|10}}10 | 93,157 | 12.10% | 1 | 2% | {{decrease|-1}}1 ! 769,978 ! 60 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Selangor.svg}} [[Selangor]] | 693,956 | 39.25% | 12 | 21% | {{decrease|-9}}9 | 1,050,665 | 59.42% | 44 | 79% | {{increase|10}}10 | 23,567 | 1.33% | 0 | 0% | {{steady|0}} ! 1,768,188 ! 56 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Terengganu.svg}} [[Terengganu]] | 282,999 | 51.37% | 17 | 53% | {{decrease|-7}}7 | 264,501 | 48.01% | 15 | 47% | {{increase|7}}7 | 3,392 | 0.62% | 0 | 0% | {{steady|0}} ! 550,892 ! 32 |- style="text-align:center;" ! Total ! 4,515,228 ! 47.25% ! 275 ! 54% ! {{decrease|-32}}32 ! 4,879,295 ! 51.06% ! 229 ! 45% ! {{increase|41}}41 ! 162,259 ! 1.70% ! 1 ! 0% ! {{decrease|-7}}7 ! 9,556,782 ! 505 |} ===Reactions, analysis and aftermath=== [[File:Anwar Ibrahim (8722796280).jpg|right|thumbnail|250px|A crowd of black-clad protesters at [[Kelana Jaya]], [[Selangor]].]] Najib Razak told the media the day after the election: "We have to show to the world that we are a mature democracy. Whatever happens, the decision of the people, the will of the people must be respected."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ten |first=Daniel |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-05/malaysia-government-wins-112-of-222-seats-commission-data-show.html |title=Malaysia Government Defeats Anwar to Extend 55-Year Rule |publisher=Bloomberg |date=5 May 2013}}</ref> He added: "After my inauguration as prime minister, I vow to honestly carry out all my obligations with full dedication. I will be truly faithful to Malaysia and will preserve, protect and defend the institution." Anwar Ibrahim reacted in calling for two days of protests in saying the win was the "worst electoral fraud in our history" and that he "call[s] upon as many Malaysians to join hands and express our rejection and disgust at the unprecedented electoral fraud committed by Najib Razak and the EC (Election Commission)." Herizal Hazri of the Malaysia Asia Foundation said: "There is a sense of rejection within the urban Malaysian voters to accept this rhetoric. They want a more inclusive Malaysia, they want to vote for parties that represents all race groups."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2013/05/201356142723845697.html |title=Malaysia PM sworn in amid opposition protests – Asia-Pacific |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=4 October 2011}}</ref> The opposition parties had promised to revise Malaysia's [[affirmative action]] policy which favours Malays and other indigenous groups ("Bumiputra") over the Chinese and Indian minorities. Prime Minister Najib Razak claimed that this was the reason why ethnic Chinese voted for the opposition.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22422172 |title=Malaysia vote: PM Najib Razak's Barisan Nasional wins |publisher=BBC News |date=6 May 2013}}</ref> The most perceivable swing from the ruling coalition to the opposition, namely from the BN-affiliated MCA and Gerakan parties to the DAP, was among ethnic Chinese voters.<ref name="Rudra">{{Citation |url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/racial-fearmongering-polls-unintended-result-20130507-2j5z2.html |title=Racial fearmongering poll's unintended result |first=Gobind |last=Rudra |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=8 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/ruling-barisan-wins-malaysian-elections-/664612.html |title=Ruling Barisan wins Malaysian elections, but opposition score bigger wins |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=6 May 2013}}</ref> This led to Najib claiming that the opposition had manipulated and deceived this population group<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20130507-420950.html |title=Malaysia election: Opposition manipulated the Chinese community, says PM Najib |newspaper=Asia One |date=7 May 2013}}</ref> and making a "Chinese tsunami" accountable for his alliance's losses.<ref name="Rudra"/> However, the claim was disputed by political analyst Datuk Dr Shamsul Amri Baharuddin, who claimed it was more accurately, an urban swing.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ge13-an-urban-not-chinese-swing-say-analysts/ |title=GE13 an urban, not Chinese swing, say analysts |publisher=Malaysian Insider |date=7 May 2013}}</ref> The geographic distribution of votes shows a considerable difference between largely urban regions with a great proportion of ethnic Chinese which mostly voted for the oppositional alliance – often by a high margin – and more rural states populated by "Bumiputra" where the governing coalition won most of its seats.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2013/05/06/malaysia-election-coalition-extends-rule-weaker-majority.html |title=Malaysia's election result exposes divided country |publisher=CBC News |date=6 May 2013}}</ref> On 8 May, Anwar led a [[Malaysia's Post General Election Rally 2013|rally of at least 120,000 black-clad protesters]] in a football stadium near Kuala Lumpur.<ref>http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/229564</ref> The opposition supporters denounced the election as fraudulently stolen.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2013/05/2013586202916888.html</ref> ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == External links == ===Official websites=== *[http://www.spr.gov.my/ Official Election Commission Of Malaysia Website] {{ms icon}} *[http://www.pru13.gov.my/ Official Portal Of The 2013 Malaysian General Election] {{ms icon}} *[http://keputusan.spr.gov.my ''Dashboard PRU13'' for the latest election results] {{ms icon}} *[http://resultpru13.spr.gov.my/module/penamaan/laporan/laporan_6/laporan_6.php Official candidates list] {{ms icon}} ===Manifestos=== *[http://www.manifestopru13.com/bahasainggeris.php Barisan Nasional] {{en icon}} *[http://www.pakatanrakyat.my/files/ENG-Manifesto-BOOK.pdf Pakatan Rakyat] {{en icon}} ===Other Media=== *[http://howtovotemalaysia.org Voting Guide, Candidates List & Live Social Feed] howtovotemalaysia.org {{en icon}} *[http://www.undi.info/ Undi.info:MALAYSIAN ELECTION DATA]，powered by [[Malaysiakini]] {{en icon}} *[http://elections.thestar.com.my/ 13th Malaysian General Election GE13] The Star Online {{en icon}} {{Malaysian general elections}} {{Elections in Malaysia since 2000}} {{Legislatures of Malaysia}} [[Category:General elections in Malaysia|Future]] [[Category:2013 elections in Malaysia| general]]'