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{{short description|Chinese festival}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Qixi Festival
|type =
|image = Niulang and Zhinv (Long Corridor).JPG
|imagesize =
|caption =
|nickname = Qiqiao Festival
|observedby = Chinese
|date = 7th day of 7th month<br />on the [[Chinese lunisolar calendar]]
|date2012 = 23 August
|date2013 = 13 August
|date2014 = 2 August
|date2015 = 20 August
|date2016 = 9 August<ref name="QixiDate">{{cite web |last1=Raitisoja |first1=Geni |title=Story of Qixi Festival |url=https://gbtimes.com/qixi-festival-and-story-chinese-valentines-day |website=GBTIMES |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816162123/https://gbtimes.com/qixi-festival-and-story-chinese-valentines-day |archive-date=16 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|date2017 = 28 August<ref name="QixiDate"/>
|date2018 = 17 August<ref name="QixiDate"/>
|date2019 = 7 August<ref name="QixiDate"/>
|date2020 = 25 August<ref name="QixiDate"/>
|date2021 = 14 August
|relatedto = [[Tanabata]] (Japan), [[Chilseok]] (Korea), [[Thất Tịch]] (Vietnam)
|alt=|official_name=|litcolor=|significance=|celebrations=|begins=|ends=|weekday=|month=|scheduling=|duration=|frequency=|firsttime=|startedby=}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = Qixi
| c = 七夕
| p = qīxī / qīxì
| bpmf = ㄑㄧ ㄒㄧ / ㄑㄧ ㄒㄧˋ
| w = ch'i<sup>1</sup>-hsi<sup>1</sup> / ch'i<sup>1</sup>-hsi<sup>4</sup>
| gr = chishi/chishih
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|q|i|1|.|x|i|1}} / {{IPAc-cmn|q|i|1|.|x|i|4}}
| suz = tshih zih
| y = chāt-jihk
| j = cat<sup>1</sup>-zik<sup>6</sup>
| tl = tshit-sia̍h
| l = "Evening of Sevens"
| altname = Qiqiao
| c2 = 乞巧
| p2 = qǐqiǎo
| suz2 = chih chiae
| l2 = "beseeching craftsmanship"
}}
The '''Qixi Festival''' ({{lang-zh|七夕}}), also known as the '''Qiqiao Festival''' ({{lang-zh|乞巧|links=no}}), is a [[Chinese festival]] celebrating the annual meeting of [[The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl|the cowherd and weaver girl]] in [[Chinese mythology|mythology]].<ref name="zhao15-13">{{Harvnb|Zhao|2015|loc=13}}.</ref><ref name=brown06-72>{{Harvnb|Brown|Brown|2006|loc=72}}.</ref><ref name=poon11-100/><ref name=melbau10-912-3/> The festival is celebrated on the seventh day of the seventh lunisolar month on the [[Chinese calendar]].<ref name="zhao15-13"/><ref name=brown06-72/><ref name=poon11-100>{{Harvnb|Poon|2011|loc=100}}.</ref><ref name=melbau10-912-3>{{Harvnb|Melton|Baumann|2010|loc=912–913}}.</ref>
The festival was derived from worship of the natural astrology. It is the birthday of the seventh elder sister in the traditional significance. It is called "Qixi Festival" because of the worship of the seventh elder sister held on the seventh night of the seventh lunar month.<ref>{{Cite web|title=七夕节的由来和风俗简介_七夕节的来历和风俗特点|url=http://www.xuexi.la/xuexiziliao/378137.html|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.xuexi.la}}</ref> Gradually, people celebrated for the romantic legend of two lovers, Zhinü and Niulang,<ref name=brown06-72/><ref name=melbau10-912-3/> who were the weaver girl and the cowherd, respectively. The tale of ''[[The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl]]'' has been celebrated in the Qixi Festival since the [[Han dynasty]].<ref name=schomp09-70>{{Harvnb|Schomp|2009|loc=70}}.</ref> The earliest-known reference to this famous myth dates back to over 2600 years ago, which was told in a poem from the ''[[Classic of Poetry]]''.<ref name=schomp09-89>{{Harvnb|Schomp|2009|loc=89}}.</ref> The Qixi festival inspired the [[Tanabata]] festival in [[Japan]], [[Chilseok]] festival in [[Korea]], and [[:vi:Thất Tịch|Thất Tịch]] festival in [[Vietnam]].
The festival has variously been called the '''Double Seventh Festival''',<ref name=melbau10-912-3/> the '''Chinese Valentine's Day''',<ref>{{Harvnb|Welch|2008|loc=228}}.</ref> the '''Night of Sevens''',<ref name=brown06-72/><ref>Chester Beatty Library, [http://www.cbl.ie/china/Item.aspx?itemId=6 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022035250/http://www.cbl.ie/china/Item.aspx?itemId=6 |date=2014-10-22 }}.</ref> or the '''Magpie Festival'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Magpie Festival|url=https://prezi.com/ohcgm9hcegtt/magpie-festival/?fallback=1|access-date=2021-11-18|website=prezi.com|language=en}}</ref>
== Origin ==
{{See also|The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl}}
The general tale is a love story between Zhinü ({{lang|zh-hant|織女}}, the weaver girl, symbolizing [[Vega]]) and Niulang ({{lang|zh-hant|牛郎}}, the cowherd, symbolizing [[Altair]]).<ref name=brown06-72/> Niulang was an orphan who lived with his brother and sister-in-law. He was often abused by his sister-in-law. They eventually kicked him out of the house, and gave him nothing but an old cow. One day, the old cow suddenly spoke out, telling Niulang that a fairy will come, and that she is the heavenly weaver. It said the fairy will stay here if she fails to go back to heaven before morning. In accordance with what the old cow said, Niulang saw the beautiful fairy and fell in love with her, then they got married. The emperor of heaven ({{lang|zh-hant|玉皇大帝}}, {{literally|The Jade Emperor}}) found out about this and was furious, so he sent minions to escort the heavenly weaver back to heaven. Niulang was heartbroken and decided to chase after them. However, [[Queen Mother of the West|the Queen Mother of the West]] drew a Silver River (The Milky Way) in the sky and blocked his way. Meanwhile, the love between Niulang and the weaver moved the magpie, and they built a bridge of magpies over the Silver River for them to meet. The Emperor of Heaven was also moved by the sight, and allowed this couple to meet on the Magpie Bridge<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saint Valentine's Day: The Legend of Magpie Bridge|url=https://www.novareinna.com/festive/valmagpie.html|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.novareinna.com}}</ref> once a year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. That was the origin of the Qixi Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=七夕节的由来和风俗简介_七夕节的来历和风俗特点|url=http://www.xuexi.la/xuexiziliao/378137.html|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.xuexi.la}}</ref>
== Traditions ==
During the Han dynasty, the practices were conducted in accordance with formal ceremonial state rituals.<ref name="zhao15-13"/> Over time, the festival activities also included customs that the common people partook in.<ref name="zhao15-13"/>
Girls take part in worshiping the celestials ({{lang|zh-hant|拜仙}}) during rituals.<ref name=poon11-100/> They go to the local temple to pray to Zhinü for wisdom.<ref name=melbau10-912-3/> Paper items are usually burned as offerings.<ref name=steph91-83/> Girls may recite traditional prayers for dexterity in needlework,<ref name=melbau10-912-3/><ref>{{Harvnb|Kiang|1999|loc=132}}.</ref> which symbolizes the traditional talents of a good spouse.<ref name=melbau10-912-3/> Divination could take place to determine the possible dexterity in needlework.<ref name=steph91-83>{{Harvnb|Stepanchuk|Wong|1991|loc=83}}</ref> They make wishes for marrying someone who would be a good and loving husband.<ref name=brown06-72/> During the festival, girls make a display of their domestic skills.<ref name=brown06-72/> Traditionally, there would be contests amongst those who attempted to be the best in threading needles under low-light conditions, like the glow of an ember or of a half moon.<ref name=steph91-83/> Today, girls sometimes gather toiletries in honour of the seven maidens.<ref name=steph91-83/>
The festival also held an importance for newlywed couples.<ref name=poon11-100/> Traditionally, they would worship the celestial couple for the last time and bid farewell to them ({{lang|zh-hant|辭仙}}).<ref name=poon11-100/> The celebration stood as a symbol for a happy marriage and showed that the married woman was treasured by her new family.<ref name=poon11-100/>
On this day, the Chinese gaze up at the sky to look for [[Vega]] and [[Altair]] shining in the Milky Way, while [[Deneb]], a [[Summer Triangle|third star, forms a symbolic bridge]] between the two stars.<ref name=schomp09-70/> It was said that if it rains on this day, that it was caused by a river sweeping away the magpie bridge or that the rain is the tears of the separated couple.<ref name=steph91-82>{{Harvnb|Stepanchuk|Wong|1991|loc=82}}</ref> Based on the legend of a flock of magpies forming a bridge to reunite the couple, a pair of magpies came to symbolize conjugal happiness and faithfulness.<ref>{{Harvnb|Welch|2008|loc=77}}.</ref>
The eating customs of Qixi Festival vary from place to place, and it is called eating Qiao food. The most famous traditional food people eat on Qixi Festival is Qiao Guo. The main material is flour, oil and honey, sometimes adding sesame, peanuts, kernels, roses and other different ingredients. After mixing those ingredients, they are then deep-fried. Qiao Guo has a history of more than one thousand years since it became popular during the Song Dynasty. Beyond that, people would eat crunchy candy, refreshments and fruits together, expressing the people's pursuit of ingenuity, family health, happy life wishes.
In some places people gather together and build a four meter long bridge ({{lang|zh-hant|花橋}}) with big incense sticks and decorate them with colourful flowers. They burn the bridge at night and wish to bring happiness in life.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}
== Literature ==
{{refimprove section|date=August 2020}}
Due to the romance, elegance, and beautiful symbolic meaning of the festival, many pieces of literature, such as poems, popular songs and operas, have been written for this festival since the [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou Dynasty]]. Many describe the atmosphere of the festival or narrate related stories. This has left a valuable literary legacy which helps modern scholars better understand ancient Chinese customs, feelings, and opinions relating to the festival.
;{{lang|zh-hant|迢迢牽牛星–佚名︵東漢︶}} Far, Far Away, the Cowherd – Anonymous︵[[Han dynasty|Han Dynasty]])
<blockquote><poem lang=zh-hant>
迢迢牽牛星， Far, far away, the Cowherd,
皎皎河漢女。 Fair, fair, the Weaving Maid,
纖纖擢素手， Nimbly move her slender white finger,
札札弄機杼。 Click-clack goes her weaving-loom.
終日不成章， All day she weaves, yet her web is still not done.
泣涕零如雨。 And her tears fall like rain.
河漢清且淺， Clear and shallow the Milky Way,
相去復幾許？ They are not far apart!
盈盈–水間， But the stream brims always between.
脈脈不得語。 And, gazing at each other, they cannot speak.
︵翻譯‥[[Yang Xianyi|楊憲益]]，[[Dai Naidie|戴乃迭]]︶ (Translated by [[Yang Xianyi]], [[Dai Naidie]])
</poem></blockquote>
;{{lang|zh-hant|秋夕–[[Du Mu|杜牧]]︵唐朝︶}} An Autumn Night – [[Du Mu]] ([[Tang dynasty|Tang Dynasty]])
<blockquote><poem lang=zh-hant>
銀燭秋光冷畫屏， A candle flame flickers against a dull painted screen on a cool autumn night,
輕羅小扇撲流螢。 She holds a small silk fan to flap away dashing fireflies.
天階夜色涼如水， Above her hang celestial bodies as frigid as deep water,
坐看牽牛織女星。 She sat there watching Altair of Aquila and Vega of Lyra pining for each other in the sky.
︵翻譯‥曾培慈<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://28utscprojects.wordpress.com/|title=English Translation of Chinese Poetry – 中文詩詞英譯|website=28utscprojects.wordpress.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-13}}</ref> (Translated by Betty Tseng])
</poem></blockquote>
;{{lang|zh-hant|鵲橋仙–[[Qin Guan|秦觀]]︵宋朝︶}} Immortals at the Magpie Bridge – [[Qin Guan]] ([[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]])
<blockquote><poem lang=zh-hant>
纖雲弄巧， Clouds float like works of art,
飛星傳恨， Stars shoot with grief at heart.
銀漢迢迢暗渡。 Across the Milky Way the Cowherd meets the Maid.
金風玉露一相逢， When Autumn’s Golden Wind embraces Dew of Jade,
便勝却人間無數。 All the love scenes on earth, however many, fade.
柔情似水， Their tender love flows like a stream;
佳期如夢， Their happy date seems but a dream.
忍顧鶴橋歸路。 How can they bear a separate homeward way?
兩情若是久長時， If love between both sides can last for aye,
又豈在朝朝暮暮。 Why need they stay together night and day?
︵翻譯‥[[Xu Yuanchong|許淵沖]]︶ (Translated by [[Xu Yuanchong]])
</poem></blockquote>
==Gallery==
{{Wide image|Ding Guanpeng - Ladies on the ‘Night of Sevens’ Pleading for Skills.jpg|2700px|''Ladies on the ‘Night of Sevens’ Pleading for Skills'' by [[Ding Guanpeng]], 1748|dir=rtl}}
==Other==
Interactive Google doodles have been launched since the 2009 Qixi Festival to mark the occasion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.google.com/logos/2009/qixi09.gif|title=QiXi Festival 2009|via=www.google.com|access-date=2019-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613100959/https://www.google.com/logos/2009/qixi09.gif|archive-date=2019-06-13|url-status=live}}</ref> The latest was launched for the 2021 Qixi Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qixi Festival 2021|url=https://www.google.com/doodles/qixi-festival-2021|website=www.google.com}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Qixi Tribute]]
* [[Seven Sisters' Fruit]]
* [[Qingming Festival]]
* [[Shangsi Festival]]
* [[Tanabata]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Bibliography ==
{{Commons category}}
'''Hard copy'''
* {{cite book| last1=Brown| first1=Ju| last2=Brown| first2=John| title=China, Japan, Korea: Culture and customs| date=2006| publisher=BookSurge| location=North Charleston| isbn=1-4196-4893-4}}
* {{cite book| last=Kiang| first=Heng Chye| title=Cities of aristocrats and bureaucrats: The development of medieval Chinese cityscapes| date=1999| publisher=Singapore University Press| location=Singapore| isbn=9971-69-223-6}}
* {{cite book| last=Lai| first=Sufen Sophia| title=Presence and presentation: Women in the Chinese literati tradition| date=1999| publisher=St. Martin's Press| location=New York| isbn=0-312-21054-X| chapter=Father in Heaven, Mother in Hell: Gender politics in the creation and transformation of Mulian's mother}}
* {{cite book| last1=Melton| first1=J. Gordon| last2=Baumann |first2= Martin |title=Religions of the world: A comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices| date=2010| publisher=ABC-CLIO| location=Santa Barbara| isbn=978-1-59884-203-6| edition=2nd| chapter=The Double Seventh Festival}}
* {{cite book| last=Poon| first=Shuk-wah| title=Negotiating religion in modern China: State and common people in Guangzhou, 1900–1937| date=2011| publisher=Chinese University of Hong Kong| location=Hong Kong| isbn=978-962-996-421-4}}
* {{cite book| last=Schomp| first=Virginia| title=The ancient Chinese| date=2009| publisher=Marshall Cavendish Benchmark| location=New York| isbn=978-0-7614-4216-5}}
* {{cite book| last1=Stepanchuk| first1=Carol| last2=Wong| first2=Charles| title=Mooncakes and hungry ghosts: Festivals of China| date=1991| publisher=China Books & Periodicals| location=San Francisco| isbn=0-8351-2481-9| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/mooncakeshungryg00caro}}
* {{cite book| last=Welch| first=Patricia Bjaaland| title=Chinese art: A guide to motifs and visual imagery| url=https://archive.org/details/chineseartguidet0000welc| url-access=registration| date=2008| publisher=Tuttle Publishing| location=North Clarendon| isbn=978-0-8048-3864-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Zhao |first1=Rongguang |title=A History of Food Culture in China |date=2015 |publisher=SCPG Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-1-938368-16-5}}
'''Online'''
* [http://www.cbl.ie/china/Item.aspx?itemId=6 Ladies on the ‘Night of Sevens’ Pleading for Skills]. Dublin: Chester Beatty Library.
{{Portal bar|China}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Festivals in Chinese folk religion]]
[[Category:Days celebrating love]]
[[Category:August observances]]
[[Category:Observances set by the Chinese calendar]]
[[Category:Public holidays in China]]
[[Category:Summer events in China]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{redirect|Double Seventh Festival|other festivals|Double Seventh Festival (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|Chinese festival}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Qixi Festival
|type =
|image = Niulang and Zhinv (Long Corridor).JPG
|imagesize =
|caption =
|nickname = Qiqiao Festival
|observedby = Chinese
|date = 7th day of 7th month<br />on the [[Chinese lunisolar calendar]]
|date2012 = 23 August
|date2013 = 13 August
|date2014 = 2 August
|date2015 = 20 August
|date2016 = 9 August<ref name="QixiDate">{{cite web |last1=Raitisoja |first1=Geni |title=Story of Qixi Festival |url=https://gbtimes.com/qixi-festival-and-story-chinese-valentines-day |website=GBTIMES |access-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816162123/https://gbtimes.com/qixi-festival-and-story-chinese-valentines-day |archive-date=16 August 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|date2017 = 28 August<ref name="QixiDate"/>
|date2018 = 17 August<ref name="QixiDate"/>
|date2019 = 7 August<ref name="QixiDate"/>
|date2020 = 25 August<ref name="QixiDate"/>
|date2021 = 14 August
|relatedto = [[Tanabata]] (Japan), [[Chilseok]] (Korea), [[Thất Tịch]] (Vietnam)
|alt=|official_name=|litcolor=|significance=|celebrations=|begins=|ends=|weekday=|month=|scheduling=|duration=|frequency=|firsttime=|startedby=}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = Qixi
| c = 七夕
| p = qīxī / qīxì
| bpmf = ㄑㄧ ㄒㄧ / ㄑㄧ ㄒㄧˋ
| w = ch'i<sup>1</sup>-hsi<sup>1</sup> / ch'i<sup>1</sup>-hsi<sup>4</sup>
| gr = chishi/chishih
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|q|i|1|.|x|i|1}} / {{IPAc-cmn|q|i|1|.|x|i|4}}
| suz = tshih zih
| y = chāt-jihk
| j = cat<sup>1</sup>-zik<sup>6</sup>
| tl = tshit-sia̍h
| l = "Evening of Sevens"
| altname = Qiqiao
| c2 = 乞巧
| p2 = qǐqiǎo
| suz2 = chih chiae
| l2 = "beseeching craftsmanship"
}}
The '''Qixi Festival''' ({{lang-zh|七夕}}), also known as the '''Qiqiao Festival''' ({{lang-zh|乞巧|links=no}}), is a [[Chinese festival]] celebrating the annual meeting of [[The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl|the cowherd and weaver girl]] in [[Chinese mythology|mythology]].<ref name="zhao15-13">{{Harvnb|Zhao|2015|loc=13}}.</ref><ref name=brown06-72>{{Harvnb|Brown|Brown|2006|loc=72}}.</ref><ref name=poon11-100/><ref name=melbau10-912-3/> The festival is celebrated on the seventh day of the seventh lunisolar month on the [[Chinese calendar]].<ref name="zhao15-13"/><ref name=brown06-72/><ref name=poon11-100>{{Harvnb|Poon|2011|loc=100}}.</ref><ref name=melbau10-912-3>{{Harvnb|Melton|Baumann|2010|loc=912–913}}.</ref>
The festival was derived from worship of the natural astrology. It is the birthday of the seventh elder sister in the traditional significance. It is called "Qixi Festival" because of the worship of the seventh elder sister held on the seventh night of the seventh lunar month.<ref>{{Cite web|title=七夕节的由来和风俗简介_七夕节的来历和风俗特点|url=http://www.xuexi.la/xuexiziliao/378137.html|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.xuexi.la}}</ref> Gradually, people celebrated for the romantic legend of two lovers, Zhinü and Niulang,<ref name=brown06-72/><ref name=melbau10-912-3/> who were the weaver girl and the cowherd, respectively. The tale of ''[[The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl]]'' has been celebrated in the Qixi Festival since the [[Han dynasty]].<ref name=schomp09-70>{{Harvnb|Schomp|2009|loc=70}}.</ref> The earliest-known reference to this famous myth dates back to over 2600 years ago, which was told in a poem from the ''[[Classic of Poetry]]''.<ref name=schomp09-89>{{Harvnb|Schomp|2009|loc=89}}.</ref> The Qixi festival inspired the [[Tanabata]] festival in [[Japan]], [[Chilseok]] festival in [[Korea]], and [[:vi:Thất Tịch|Thất Tịch]] festival in [[Vietnam]].
The festival has variously been called the '''Double Seventh Festival''',<ref name=melbau10-912-3/> the '''Chinese Valentine's Day''',<ref>{{Harvnb|Welch|2008|loc=228}}.</ref> the '''Night of Sevens''',<ref name=brown06-72/><ref>Chester Beatty Library, [http://www.cbl.ie/china/Item.aspx?itemId=6 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022035250/http://www.cbl.ie/china/Item.aspx?itemId=6 |date=2014-10-22 }}.</ref> or the '''Magpie Festival'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Magpie Festival|url=https://prezi.com/ohcgm9hcegtt/magpie-festival/?fallback=1|access-date=2021-11-18|website=prezi.com|language=en}}</ref>
hahahahaahahaha
== Traditions ==
During the Han dynasty, the practices were conducted in accordance with formal ceremonial state rituals.<ref name="zhao15-13"/> Over time, the festival activities also included customs that the common people partook in.<ref name="zhao15-13"/>
Girls take part in worshiping the celestials ({{lang|zh-hant|拜仙}}) during rituals.<ref name=poon11-100/> They go to the local temple to pray to Zhinü for wisdom.<ref name=melbau10-912-3/> Paper items are usually burned as offerings.<ref name=steph91-83/> Girls may recite traditional prayers for dexterity in needlework,<ref name=melbau10-912-3/><ref>{{Harvnb|Kiang|1999|loc=132}}.</ref> which symbolizes the traditional talents of a good spouse.<ref name=melbau10-912-3/> Divination could take place to determine the possible dexterity in needlework.<ref name=steph91-83>{{Harvnb|Stepanchuk|Wong|1991|loc=83}}</ref> They make wishes for marrying someone who would be a good and loving husband.<ref name=brown06-72/> During the festival, girls make a display of their domestic skills.<ref name=brown06-72/> Traditionally, there would be contests amongst those who attempted to be the best in threading needles under low-light conditions, like the glow of an ember or of a half moon.<ref name=steph91-83/> Today, girls sometimes gather toiletries in honour of the seven maidens.<ref name=steph91-83/>
The festival also held an importance for newlywed couples.<ref name=poon11-100/> Traditionally, they would worship the celestial couple for the last time and bid farewell to them ({{lang|zh-hant|辭仙}}).<ref name=poon11-100/> The celebration stood as a symbol for a happy marriage and showed that the married woman was treasured by her new family.<ref name=poon11-100/>
On this day, the Chinese gaze up at the sky to look for [[Vega]] and [[Altair]] shining in the Milky Way, while [[Deneb]], a [[Summer Triangle|third star, forms a symbolic bridge]] between the two stars.<ref name=schomp09-70/> It was said that if it rains on this day, that it was caused by a river sweeping away the magpie bridge or that the rain is the tears of the separated couple.<ref name=steph91-82>{{Harvnb|Stepanchuk|Wong|1991|loc=82}}</ref> Based on the legend of a flock of magpies forming a bridge to reunite the couple, a pair of magpies came to symbolize conjugal happiness and faithfulness.<ref>{{Harvnb|Welch|2008|loc=77}}.</ref>
The eating customs of Qixi Festival vary from place to place, and it is called eating Qiao food. The most famous traditional food people eat on Qixi Festival is Qiao Guo. The main material is flour, oil and honey, sometimes adding sesame, peanuts, kernels, roses and other different ingredients. After mixing those ingredients, they are then deep-fried. Qiao Guo has a history of more than one thousand years since it became popular during the Song Dynasty. Beyond that, people would eat crunchy candy, refreshments and fruits together, expressing the people's pursuit of ingenuity, family health, happy life wishes.
In some places people gather together and build a four meter long bridge ({{lang|zh-hant|花橋}}) with big incense sticks and decorate them with colourful flowers. They burn the bridge at night and wish to bring happiness in life.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}
== Literature ==
{{refimprove section|date=August 2020}}
Due to the romance, elegance, and beautiful symbolic meaning of the festival, many pieces of literature, such as poems, popular songs and operas, have been written for this festival since the [[Zhou dynasty|Zhou Dynasty]]. Many describe the atmosphere of the festival or narrate related stories. This has left a valuable literary legacy which helps modern scholars better understand ancient Chinese customs, feelings, and opinions relating to the festival.
;{{lang|zh-hant|迢迢牽牛星–佚名︵東漢︶}} Far, Far Away, the Cowherd – Anonymous︵[[Han dynasty|Han Dynasty]])
<blockquote><poem lang=zh-hant>
迢迢牽牛星， Far, far away, the Cowherd,
皎皎河漢女。 Fair, fair, the Weaving Maid,
纖纖擢素手， Nimbly move her slender white finger,
札札弄機杼。 Click-clack goes her weaving-loom.
終日不成章， All day she weaves, yet her web is still not done.
泣涕零如雨。 And her tears fall like rain.
河漢清且淺， Clear and shallow the Milky Way,
相去復幾許？ They are not far apart!
盈盈–水間， But the stream brims always between.
脈脈不得語。 And, gazing at each other, they cannot speak.
︵翻譯‥[[Yang Xianyi|楊憲益]]，[[Dai Naidie|戴乃迭]]︶ (Translated by [[Yang Xianyi]], [[Dai Naidie]])
</poem></blockquote>
;{{lang|zh-hant|秋夕–[[Du Mu|杜牧]]︵唐朝︶}} An Autumn Night – [[Du Mu]] ([[Tang dynasty|Tang Dynasty]])
<blockquote><poem lang=zh-hant>
銀燭秋光冷畫屏， A candle flame flickers against a dull painted screen on a cool autumn night,
輕羅小扇撲流螢。 She holds a small silk fan to flap away dashing fireflies.
天階夜色涼如水， Above her hang celestial bodies as frigid as deep water,
坐看牽牛織女星。 She sat there watching Altair of Aquila and Vega of Lyra pining for each other in the sky.
︵翻譯‥曾培慈<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://28utscprojects.wordpress.com/|title=English Translation of Chinese Poetry – 中文詩詞英譯|website=28utscprojects.wordpress.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-13}}</ref> (Translated by Betty Tseng])
</poem></blockquote>
;{{lang|zh-hant|鵲橋仙–[[Qin Guan|秦觀]]︵宋朝︶}} Immortals at the Magpie Bridge – [[Qin Guan]] ([[Song dynasty|Song Dynasty]])
<blockquote><poem lang=zh-hant>
纖雲弄巧， Clouds float like works of art,
飛星傳恨， Stars shoot with grief at heart.
銀漢迢迢暗渡。 Across the Milky Way the Cowherd meets the Maid.
金風玉露一相逢， When Autumn’s Golden Wind embraces Dew of Jade,
便勝却人間無數。 All the love scenes on earth, however many, fade.
柔情似水， Their tender love flows like a stream;
佳期如夢， Their happy date seems but a dream.
忍顧鶴橋歸路。 How can they bear a separate homeward way?
兩情若是久長時， If love between both sides can last for aye,
又豈在朝朝暮暮。 Why need they stay together night and day?
︵翻譯‥[[Xu Yuanchong|許淵沖]]︶ (Translated by [[Xu Yuanchong]])
</poem></blockquote>
==Gallery==
{{Wide image|Ding Guanpeng - Ladies on the ‘Night of Sevens’ Pleading for Skills.jpg|2700px|''Ladies on the ‘Night of Sevens’ Pleading for Skills'' by [[Ding Guanpeng]], 1748|dir=rtl}}
==Other==
Interactive Google doodles have been launched since the 2009 Qixi Festival to mark the occasion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.google.com/logos/2009/qixi09.gif|title=QiXi Festival 2009|via=www.google.com|access-date=2019-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613100959/https://www.google.com/logos/2009/qixi09.gif|archive-date=2019-06-13|url-status=live}}</ref> The latest was launched for the 2021 Qixi Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qixi Festival 2021|url=https://www.google.com/doodles/qixi-festival-2021|website=www.google.com}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Qixi Tribute]]
* [[Seven Sisters' Fruit]]
* [[Qingming Festival]]
* [[Shangsi Festival]]
* [[Tanabata]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== Bibliography ==
{{Commons category}}
'''Hard copy'''
* {{cite book| last1=Brown| first1=Ju| last2=Brown| first2=John| title=China, Japan, Korea: Culture and customs| date=2006| publisher=BookSurge| location=North Charleston| isbn=1-4196-4893-4}}
* {{cite book| last=Kiang| first=Heng Chye| title=Cities of aristocrats and bureaucrats: The development of medieval Chinese cityscapes| date=1999| publisher=Singapore University Press| location=Singapore| isbn=9971-69-223-6}}
* {{cite book| last=Lai| first=Sufen Sophia| title=Presence and presentation: Women in the Chinese literati tradition| date=1999| publisher=St. Martin's Press| location=New York| isbn=0-312-21054-X| chapter=Father in Heaven, Mother in Hell: Gender politics in the creation and transformation of Mulian's mother}}
* {{cite book| last1=Melton| first1=J. Gordon| last2=Baumann |first2= Martin |title=Religions of the world: A comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices| date=2010| publisher=ABC-CLIO| location=Santa Barbara| isbn=978-1-59884-203-6| edition=2nd| chapter=The Double Seventh Festival}}
* {{cite book| last=Poon| first=Shuk-wah| title=Negotiating religion in modern China: State and common people in Guangzhou, 1900–1937| date=2011| publisher=Chinese University of Hong Kong| location=Hong Kong| isbn=978-962-996-421-4}}
* {{cite book| last=Schomp| first=Virginia| title=The ancient Chinese| date=2009| publisher=Marshall Cavendish Benchmark| location=New York| isbn=978-0-7614-4216-5}}
* {{cite book| last1=Stepanchuk| first1=Carol| last2=Wong| first2=Charles| title=Mooncakes and hungry ghosts: Festivals of China| date=1991| publisher=China Books & Periodicals| location=San Francisco| isbn=0-8351-2481-9| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/mooncakeshungryg00caro}}
* {{cite book| last=Welch| first=Patricia Bjaaland| title=Chinese art: A guide to motifs and visual imagery| url=https://archive.org/details/chineseartguidet0000welc| url-access=registration| date=2008| publisher=Tuttle Publishing| location=North Clarendon| isbn=978-0-8048-3864-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Zhao |first1=Rongguang |title=A History of Food Culture in China |date=2015 |publisher=SCPG Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-1-938368-16-5}}
'''Online'''
* [http://www.cbl.ie/china/Item.aspx?itemId=6 Ladies on the ‘Night of Sevens’ Pleading for Skills]. Dublin: Chester Beatty Library.
{{Portal bar|China}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Festivals in Chinese folk religion]]
[[Category:Days celebrating love]]
[[Category:August observances]]
[[Category:Observances set by the Chinese calendar]]
[[Category:Public holidays in China]]
[[Category:Summer events in China]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -48,8 +48,5 @@
The festival has variously been called the '''Double Seventh Festival''',<ref name=melbau10-912-3/> the '''Chinese Valentine's Day''',<ref>{{Harvnb|Welch|2008|loc=228}}.</ref> the '''Night of Sevens''',<ref name=brown06-72/><ref>Chester Beatty Library, [http://www.cbl.ie/china/Item.aspx?itemId=6 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022035250/http://www.cbl.ie/china/Item.aspx?itemId=6 |date=2014-10-22 }}.</ref> or the '''Magpie Festival'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Magpie Festival|url=https://prezi.com/ohcgm9hcegtt/magpie-festival/?fallback=1|access-date=2021-11-18|website=prezi.com|language=en}}</ref>
-== Origin ==
-{{See also|The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl}}
-
-The general tale is a love story between Zhinü ({{lang|zh-hant|織女}}, the weaver girl, symbolizing [[Vega]]) and Niulang ({{lang|zh-hant|牛郎}}, the cowherd, symbolizing [[Altair]]).<ref name=brown06-72/> Niulang was an orphan who lived with his brother and sister-in-law. He was often abused by his sister-in-law. They eventually kicked him out of the house, and gave him nothing but an old cow. One day, the old cow suddenly spoke out, telling Niulang that a fairy will come, and that she is the heavenly weaver. It said the fairy will stay here if she fails to go back to heaven before morning. In accordance with what the old cow said, Niulang saw the beautiful fairy and fell in love with her, then they got married. The emperor of heaven ({{lang|zh-hant|玉皇大帝}}, {{literally|The Jade Emperor}}) found out about this and was furious, so he sent minions to escort the heavenly weaver back to heaven. Niulang was heartbroken and decided to chase after them. However, [[Queen Mother of the West|the Queen Mother of the West]] drew a Silver River (The Milky Way) in the sky and blocked his way. Meanwhile, the love between Niulang and the weaver moved the magpie, and they built a bridge of magpies over the Silver River for them to meet. The Emperor of Heaven was also moved by the sight, and allowed this couple to meet on the Magpie Bridge<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saint Valentine's Day: The Legend of Magpie Bridge|url=https://www.novareinna.com/festive/valmagpie.html|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.novareinna.com}}</ref> once a year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. That was the origin of the Qixi Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=七夕节的由来和风俗简介_七夕节的来历和风俗特点|url=http://www.xuexi.la/xuexiziliao/378137.html|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.xuexi.la}}</ref>
+hahahahaahahaha
== Traditions ==
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3 => 'The general tale is a love story between Zhinü ({{lang|zh-hant|織女}}, the weaver girl, symbolizing [[Vega]]) and Niulang ({{lang|zh-hant|牛郎}}, the cowherd, symbolizing [[Altair]]).<ref name=brown06-72/> Niulang was an orphan who lived with his brother and sister-in-law. He was often abused by his sister-in-law. They eventually kicked him out of the house, and gave him nothing but an old cow. One day, the old cow suddenly spoke out, telling Niulang that a fairy will come, and that she is the heavenly weaver. It said the fairy will stay here if she fails to go back to heaven before morning. In accordance with what the old cow said, Niulang saw the beautiful fairy and fell in love with her, then they got married. The emperor of heaven ({{lang|zh-hant|玉皇大帝}}, {{literally|The Jade Emperor}}) found out about this and was furious, so he sent minions to escort the heavenly weaver back to heaven. Niulang was heartbroken and decided to chase after them. However, [[Queen Mother of the West|the Queen Mother of the West]] drew a Silver River (The Milky Way) in the sky and blocked his way. Meanwhile, the love between Niulang and the weaver moved the magpie, and they built a bridge of magpies over the Silver River for them to meet. The Emperor of Heaven was also moved by the sight, and allowed this couple to meet on the Magpie Bridge<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saint Valentine's Day: The Legend of Magpie Bridge|url=https://www.novareinna.com/festive/valmagpie.html|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.novareinna.com}}</ref> once a year on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. That was the origin of the Qixi Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=七夕节的由来和风俗简介_七夕节的来历和风俗特点|url=http://www.xuexi.la/xuexiziliao/378137.html|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.xuexi.la}}</ref>'
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