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(Top)
 


1 History  





2 Contemporary communist theorists  





3 Notable works  





4 See also  





5 References  





6 Further reading  














21st-century communist theorists: Difference between revisions







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== History ==

== History ==

In 2009, many of these advocates contributed to the three-day conference, "The Idea of Communism", in London that drew a substantial paying audience.<ref name="GuardianIOC">{{cite news |last=Campbell |first=Duncan |date=12 March 2009 |title=Move over Jacko, Idea of Communism is hottest ticket in town this weekend |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/12/philosophy |access-date=18 May 2012 }}</ref> Journals such as ''Endnotes'', ''Salvage, Ebb Magazine''<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.ebb-magazine.com/about |access-date=15 May 2023 |website=Ebb }}</ref> ''Kites''<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=About us |url=https://kites-journal.org/about/ |access-date=5 June 2023 |language=en }}</ref> and ''[[Historical Materialism (journal)|Historical Materialism]]'' launched with communist outlooks, as well as news outlets such as [[Novara Media]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=5 September 2019 |title=I met today's communists... and I wasn't convinced |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/politics/article/fully-automated-luxury-communism |access-date=31 March 2023 |magazine=[[GQ (magazine)|British GQ]] }}</ref>

In 2009, many of these advocates contributed to the three-day conference, "The Idea of Communism", in London that drew a substantial paying audience.<ref name="GuardianIOC">{{cite news |last=Campbell |first=Duncan |date=12 March 2009 |title=Move over Jacko, Idea of Communism is hottest ticket in town this weekend |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/12/philosophy |access-date=18 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033508/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/12/philosophy |archive-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Journals such as ''Endnotes'', ''Salvage, Ebb Magazine''<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.ebb-magazine.com/about |access-date=15 May 2023 |website=Ebb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505124117/https://www.ebb-magazine.com/about |archive-date=5 May 2024}}</ref> ''Kites''<ref>{{cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=About us |url=https://kites-journal.org/about/ |access-date=5 June 2023 |language=en |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> and ''[[Historical Materialism (journal)|Historical Materialism]]'' launched with communist outlooks, as well as news outlets such as [[Novara Media]].<ref>{{cite magazine |date=5 September 2019 |title=I met today's communists... and I wasn't convinced |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/politics/article/fully-automated-luxury-communism |access-date=31 March 2023 |magazine=[[GQ (magazine)|British GQ]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref>



Furthermore, [[internet culture]] and declining life prospects<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lowrey |first=Annie |author-link=Annie Lowrey |date=13 April 2020 |title=Millennials Don't Stand a Chance |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/millennials-are-new-lost-generation/609832/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[The Atlantic]] }}</ref> has led to a general rise amongst [[Millennials]] and [[Generation Z|Gen-Z]] in support for communism and socialism,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gregory |first=Andy |date=7 November 2019 |title=More than a third of millennials approve of communism, YouGov poll indicates |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/communism-millennials-capitalism-socialism-bernie-sanders-cold-war-yougov-a9188116.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] }}</ref> in tandem with the rise of [[Left-wing populism|left-populism]] in the US<ref>{{Cite interview |last=Gray |first=Briahna Joy |author-link=Briahna Joy Gray |date=11 May 2020 |interviewer-last=Kilpatrick |interviewer-first=Connor |title=The Rise and Fall of Bernie Sanders |url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/11/the-rise-and-fall-of-bernie-sanders |access-date=31 March 2023 |magazine=[[Tribune (magazine)|Tribune]] }}</ref> and the UK.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Knight |first=Sam |date=16 May 2016 |title=The Astonishing Rise of Jeremy Corbyn |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/23/the-astonishing-rise-of-jeremy-corbyn |access-date=31 March 2023 |newspaper=[[The New Yorker]] }}</ref> Explicitly left-wing contemporary artists, such as filmmakers,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sang-Hun |first=Choe |author-link=Choe Sang-hun |date=13 February 2020 |title=Bong Joon Ho's Path From Seoul to Oscar Dominance |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/13/world/asia/bong-joon-ho-south-korea.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref> musicians,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kornhaber |first=Spencer |date=11 March 2016 |title=What Kendrick Lamar Has to Say About Capitalism |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/03/kendrick-lamar-untitled-unmastered-review-capitalism/472836/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[The Atlantic]] }}</ref> video-game creators<ref>{{Cite news |last=Klepek |first=Patrick |date=20 January 2020 |title=The Radical Politics of 'Disco Elysium' Make For a Potentially Complicated Legacy |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/qjdb5m/the-radical-politics-of-disco-elysium-make-for-a-potentially-complicated-legacy |access-date=31 March 2023 |newspaper=[[Vice News]] }}</ref> and comedians<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maxwell |first=Dominic |title=From Hannah Gadsby to Sacha Baron Cohen: the 30 best living comedians |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/from-hannah-gadsby-to-sacha-baron-cohen-the-30-best-living-comedians-t3x0wxltp |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0140-0460 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Burrows |first=Marc |date=30 March 2023 |title=Frankie Boyle's "shock" comedy was vile – no wonder he's given himself a makeover |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/tv/2023/03/frankie-boyle-shock-comedy-vile-given-makeover |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[New Statesman]] }}</ref> have received widespread attention, such as the rapper/producer [[JPEGMafia]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 June 2018 |title=L.A. rapper JPEGMAFIA lashes out at the right and the 'fake-woke' left. Just don't call it 'trolling' |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-jpegmafia-protest-20180629-story.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> and a whole media-creator ecosystem has developed around the online left, known as [[BreadTube]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander Mitchell |title=Meet BreadTube, the YouTube activists trying to beat the far-right at their own game |url=http://theconversation.com/meet-breadtube-the-youtube-activists-trying-to-beat-the-far-right-at-their-own-game-156125 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |date=8 March 2021 }}</ref>

Furthermore, [[internet culture]] and declining life prospects<ref>{{cite news |last=Lowrey |first=Annie |author-link=Annie Lowrey |date=13 April 2020 |title=Millennials Don't Stand a Chance |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/millennials-are-new-lost-generation/609832/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> has led to a general rise amongst [[Millennials]] and [[Generation Z|Gen-Z]] in support for communism and socialism,<ref>{{cite news |last=Gregory |first=Andy |date=7 November 2019 |title=More than a third of millennials approve of communism, YouGov poll indicates |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/communism-millennials-capitalism-socialism-bernie-sanders-cold-war-yougov-a9188116.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> in tandem with the rise of [[Left-wing populism|left-populism]] in the US<ref>{{cite interview |last=Gray |first=Briahna Joy |author-link=Briahna Joy Gray |date=11 May 2020 |interviewer-last=Kilpatrick |interviewer-first=Connor |title=The Rise and Fall of Bernie Sanders |url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/11/the-rise-and-fall-of-bernie-sanders |access-date=31 March 2023 |magazine=[[Tribune (magazine)|Tribune]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> and the UK.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Sam |date=16 May 2016 |title=The Astonishing Rise of Jeremy Corbyn |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/23/the-astonishing-rise-of-jeremy-corbyn |access-date=31 March 2023 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> Explicitly left-wing contemporary artists, such as filmmakers,<ref>{{cite news |last=Sang-Hun |first=Choe |author-link=Choe Sang-hun |date=13 February 2020 |title=Bong Joon Ho's Path From Seoul to Oscar Dominance |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/13/world/asia/bong-joon-ho-south-korea.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> musicians,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kornhaber |first=Spencer |date=11 March 2016 |title=What Kendrick Lamar Has to Say About Capitalism |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/03/kendrick-lamar-untitled-unmastered-review-capitalism/472836/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> video-game creators<ref>{{cite news |last=Klepek |first=Patrick |date=20 January 2020 |title=The Radical Politics of 'Disco Elysium' Make For a Potentially Complicated Legacy |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/qjdb5m/the-radical-politics-of-disco-elysium-make-for-a-potentially-complicated-legacy |access-date=31 March 2023 |newspaper=[[Vice News]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> and comedians<ref>{{cite news |last=Maxwell |first=Dominic |title=From Hannah Gadsby to Sacha Baron Cohen: the 30 best living comedians |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/from-hannah-gadsby-to-sacha-baron-cohen-the-30-best-living-comedians-t3x0wxltp |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Burrows |first=Marc |date=30 March 2023 |title=Frankie Boyle's "shock" comedy was vile – no wonder he's given himself a makeover |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/tv/2023/03/frankie-boyle-shock-comedy-vile-given-makeover |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[New Statesman]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> have received widespread attention, such as the rapper/producer [[JPEGMafia]],<ref>{{cite news |date=29 June 2018 |title=L.A. rapper JPEGMAFIA lashes out at the right and the 'fake-woke' left. Just don't call it 'trolling' |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-jpegmafia-protest-20180629-story.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> and a whole media-creator ecosystem has developed around the online left, known as [[BreadTube]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander Mitchell |title=Meet BreadTube, the YouTube activists trying to beat the far-right at their own game |url=http://theconversation.com/meet-breadtube-the-youtube-activists-trying-to-beat-the-far-right-at-their-own-game-156125 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |date=8 March 2021 |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref>



== Contemporary communist theorists ==

== Contemporary communist theorists ==

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

* [[Étienne Balibar]]<ref>{{Cite interview |last=Balibar |first=Étienne |author-link=Étienne Balibar |date=15 January 2021 |interviewer-last=Skalski |interviewer-first=Jérôme |title='Communism is an active and diverse collective subjectivity': An Interview with Etienne Balibar |url=https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4972-communism-is-an-active-and-diverse-collective-subjectivity-an-interview-with-etienne-balibar |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=[[Verso Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331014753/https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4972-communism-is-an-active-and-diverse-collective-subjectivity-an-interview-with-etienne-balibar |archive-date=31 March 2023}}</ref>

* [[Étienne Balibar]]<ref>{{cite interview |last=Balibar |first=Étienne |author-link=Étienne Balibar |date=15 January 2021 |interviewer-last=Skalski |interviewer-first=Jérôme |title='Communism is an active and diverse collective subjectivity': An Interview with Etienne Balibar |url=https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4972-communism-is-an-active-and-diverse-collective-subjectivity-an-interview-with-etienne-balibar |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=[[Verso Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331014753/https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4972-communism-is-an-active-and-diverse-collective-subjectivity-an-interview-with-etienne-balibar |archive-date=31 March 2023}}</ref>

* [[Bruno Bosteels]]<ref name="Brincat 2014">{{cite book |last=Brincat |first=Shannon |title=Communism in the 21st Century |date=2014 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger]] |isbn=978-1-4408-0126-6 |editor-last=Brincat |editor-first=Shannon |volume=1 |pages=xxvii–xxviii |chapter=Introduction - Communism in the 21st Century: Vision and Sublation}}</ref>

* [[Bruno Bosteels]]<ref name="Brincat 2014">{{cite book |last=Brincat |first=Shannon |title=Communism in the 21st Century |date=2014 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger]] |isbn=978-1-4408-0126-6 |editor-last=Brincat |editor-first=Shannon |volume=1 |pages=xxvii–xxviii |chapter=Introduction - Communism in the 21st Century: Vision and Sublation}}</ref>

* [[Harry Cleaver]]<ref>https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/InterviewwithHarryCleaver.html</ref>

* [[Harry Cleaver]]<ref>{{cite web |title= |date= |url=https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/InterviewwithHarryCleaver.html |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref>

* [[Angela Davis]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Nelson |author-link=Nelson George |date=19 October 2020 |title=Angela Davis Still Believes America Can Change |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/19/t-magazine/angela-davis.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020062823/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/19/t-magazine/angela-davis.html |archive-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>

* [[Angela Davis]]<ref>{{cite news |last=George |first=Nelson |author-link=Nelson George |date=19 October 2020 |title=Angela Davis Still Believes America Can Change |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/19/t-magazine/angela-davis.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020062823/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/19/t-magazine/angela-davis.html |archive-date=20 October 2023}}</ref>

* [[Jodi Dean]]<ref name="jodi">{{Cite book |last=Dean |first=Jodi |author-link=Jodi Dean |year=2012 |title=The Communist Horizon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBghOq42S3YC |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=9781844679546 |oclc=1083890228 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720165144/https://books.google.com/books?id=kBghOq42S3YC |archive-date=20 July 2023}}</ref>

* [[Jodi Dean]]<ref name="jodi">{{cite book |last=Dean |first=Jodi |author-link=Jodi Dean |year=2012 |title=The Communist Horizon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBghOq42S3YC |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=9781844679546 |oclc=1083890228 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720165144/https://books.google.com/books?id=kBghOq42S3YC |archive-date=20 July 2023}}</ref>

* [[Costas Douzinas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Idea of Communism |url=https://www.versobooks.com/products/2175-the-idea-of-communism |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=[[Verso Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930013926/https://www.versobooks.com/products/2175-the-idea-of-communism |archive-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>

* [[Costas Douzinas]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Idea of Communism |url=https://www.versobooks.com/products/2175-the-idea-of-communism |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=[[Verso Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930013926/https://www.versobooks.com/products/2175-the-idea-of-communism |archive-date=30 September 2023}}</ref>

* [[Mark Fisher]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2019 |title=Mark Fisher {{!}} Acid Communism (Unfinished Introduction) |url=https://my-blackout.com/2019/04/25/mark-fisher-acid-communism-unfinished-introduction/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=BLACKOUT ((poetry & politics)) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209010053/https://my-blackout.com/2019/04/25/mark-fisher-acid-communism-unfinished-introduction/ |archive-date=9 December 2023}}</ref>

* [[Mark Fisher]]<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2019 |title=Mark Fisher {{!}} Acid Communism (Unfinished Introduction) |url=https://my-blackout.com/2019/04/25/mark-fisher-acid-communism-unfinished-introduction/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=BLACKOUT ((poetry & politics)) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209010053/https://my-blackout.com/2019/04/25/mark-fisher-acid-communism-unfinished-introduction/ |archive-date=9 December 2023}}</ref>

* [[Silvia Federici]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martínez |first=Josefina L. |date=17 July 2022 |title=Feminism and Communism: A Debate with Silvia Federici |url=https://www.leftvoice.org/feminism-and-communism-a-debate-with-silvia-federici/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Left Voice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605093604/https://www.leftvoice.org/feminism-and-communism-a-debate-with-silvia-federici/ |archive-date=5 June 2023}}</ref>

* [[Silvia Federici]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Martínez |first=Josefina L. |date=17 July 2022 |title=Feminism and Communism: A Debate with Silvia Federici |url=https://www.leftvoice.org/feminism-and-communism-a-debate-with-silvia-federici/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Left Voice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605093604/https://www.leftvoice.org/feminism-and-communism-a-debate-with-silvia-federici/ |archive-date=5 June 2023}}</ref>

* [[Anuradha Ghandy]]

* [[Anuradha Ghandy]]

* [[Agon Hamza]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Politics, State, Communism |url=https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/politics-state-communism.html |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=[[Casemate Publishers|Oxbow Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526065912/https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/politics-state-communism.html |archive-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>

* [[Agon Hamza]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Politics, State, Communism |url=https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/politics-state-communism.html |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=[[Casemate Publishers|Oxbow Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526065912/https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/politics-state-communism.html |archive-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>

* [[Michael Hardt]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hardt |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Hardt |date=3 February 2011 |title=Reclaim the common in communism |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/03/communism-capitalism-socialism-property |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201032336/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/03/communism-capitalism-socialism-property |archive-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

* [[Michael Hardt]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Hardt |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Hardt |date=3 February 2011 |title=Reclaim the common in communism |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/03/communism-capitalism-socialism-property |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201032336/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/03/communism-capitalism-socialism-property |archive-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

* [[Michael Heinrich]]

* [[Michael Heinrich]]{{cn|date=May 2024}}

* [[John Holloway (sociologist)|John Holloway]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Holloway |first=John |author-link=John Holloway (sociologist) |title=[[Change the World Without Taking Power]] |date=20 March 2002 |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |isbn=0-7453-1863-0}}</ref>

* [[John Holloway (sociologist)|John Holloway]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Holloway |first=John |author-link=John Holloway (sociologist) |title=[[Change the World Without Taking Power]] |date=20 March 2002 |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |isbn=0-7453-1863-0}}</ref>

* [[Robin Kelley]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists during the Great Depression |last=Kelley |first=Robin D. G. |author-link=Robin Kelley |year=2015 |url=https://uncpress.org/book/9781469625485/hammer-and-hoe/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]] |isbn=978-1-4696-2548-5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135448/https://www.uncpress.org/book/9781469625485/hammer-and-hoe/ |archive-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>

* [[Robin Kelley]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists during the Great Depression |last=Kelley |first=Robin D. G. |author-link=Robin Kelley |year=2015 |url=https://uncpress.org/book/9781469625485/hammer-and-hoe/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]] |isbn=978-1-4696-2548-5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135448/https://www.uncpress.org/book/9781469625485/hammer-and-hoe/ |archive-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>

* [[Andreas Malm]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eaton |first=George |author-link=George Eaton (journalist) |date=14 October 2020 |title=Andreas Malm: "The likely future is escalating catastrophe" |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/encounter/2020/10/andreas-malm-likely-future-escalating-catastrophe |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[New Statesman]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331014755/https://www.newstatesman.com/encounter/2020/10/andreas-malm-likely-future-escalating-catastrophe |archive-date=31 March 2023}}</ref>

* [[Andreas Malm]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Eaton |first=George |author-link=George Eaton (journalist) |date=14 October 2020 |title=Andreas Malm: "The likely future is escalating catastrophe" |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/encounter/2020/10/andreas-malm-likely-future-escalating-catastrophe |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[New Statesman]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331014755/https://www.newstatesman.com/encounter/2020/10/andreas-malm-likely-future-escalating-catastrophe |archive-date=31 March 2023}}</ref>

* [[China Miéville]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miéville |first=China |author-link=China Miéville |year=2021 |title=A Spectre, Haunting |url=https://www.haymarketbooks.org/books/1990-a-spectre-haunting |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[Haymarket Books]] |isbn=9781642598926 |oclc=1346365097}}</ref>

* [[China Miéville]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Miéville |first=China |author-link=China Miéville |year=2021 |title=A Spectre, Haunting |url=https://www.haymarketbooks.org/books/1990-a-spectre-haunting |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[Haymarket Books]] |isbn=9781642598926 |oclc=1346365097}}</ref>

* [[J. Moufawad-Paul]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Critique of Maoist Reason - J. Moufawad-Paul |url=https://foreignlanguages.press/new-roads/critique-of-maoist-reason-j-moufawad-paul/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Foreign Languages Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907175932/https://foreignlanguages.press/new-roads/critique-of-maoist-reason-j-moufawad-paul/ |archive-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>

* [[J. Moufawad-Paul]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Critique of Maoist Reason - J. Moufawad-Paul |url=https://foreignlanguages.press/new-roads/critique-of-maoist-reason-j-moufawad-paul/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Foreign Languages Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907175932/https://foreignlanguages.press/new-roads/critique-of-maoist-reason-j-moufawad-paul/ |archive-date=7 September 2023}}</ref>

* [[Antonio Negri]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Communists like us |last1=Guattari |first1=Félix |author1-link=Félix Guattari |last2=Negri |first2=Antonio |author2-link=Antonio Negri |url=https://libcom.org/article/communists-us-felix-guattari-toni-negri |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=31 March 2023 |via=[[libcom.org]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529114748/https://libcom.org/article/communists-us-felix-guattari-toni-negri |archive-date=29 May 2023}}</ref>

* [[Antonio Negri]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Communists like us |last1=Guattari |first1=Félix |author1-link=Félix Guattari |last2=Negri |first2=Antonio |author2-link=Antonio Negri |url=https://libcom.org/article/communists-us-felix-guattari-toni-negri |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=31 March 2023 |via=[[libcom.org]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529114748/https://libcom.org/article/communists-us-felix-guattari-toni-negri |archive-date=29 May 2023}}</ref>

* [[Vijay Prashad]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Communist Histories |url=https://mayday.leftword.com/catalog/product/view/id/18297 |website=LeftWord |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808153828/https://mayday.leftword.com/catalog/product/view/id/18297 |archive-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>

* [[Vijay Prashad]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Communist Histories |url=https://mayday.leftword.com/catalog/product/view/id/18297 |website=LeftWord |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808153828/https://mayday.leftword.com/catalog/product/view/id/18297 |archive-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>

<!--* Alessandro Russo<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Russo |first=Alessandro |date=2016 |title=Mummifying the Working Class: The Cultural Revolution and the Fates of the Political Parties of the 20th Century |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26291480 |journal=The China Quarterly |volume=227 |issue=227 |pages=653–673 |doi=10.1017/S0305741016001089 |jstor=26291480 |s2cid=157575279 |issn=0305-7410}}</ref>-->

<!--* Alessandro Russo<ref>{{cite journal |last=Russo |first=Alessandro |date=2016 |title=Mummifying the Working Class: The Cultural Revolution and the Fates of the Political Parties of the 20th Century |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26291480 |journal=The China Quarterly |volume=227 |issue=227 |pages=653–673 |doi=10.1017/S0305741016001089 |jstor=26291480 |s2cid=157575279 |issn=0305-7410}}</ref>-->

* [[Jose Maria Sison]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Scalice |first=Joseph |date=2021 |title="We are Siding with Filipino Capitalists": Nationalism and the Political Maturation of Jose Ma. Sison, 1959–61 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26996172 |journal=Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=1–39 |doi=10.1355/sj36-1a |jstor=26996172 |s2cid=235717296 |issn=0217-9520}}</ref>

* [[Jose Maria Sison]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Scalice |first=Joseph |date=2021 |title="We are Siding with Filipino Capitalists": Nationalism and the Political Maturation of Jose Ma. Sison, 1959–61 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26996172 |journal=Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=1–39 |doi=10.1355/sj36-1a |jstor=26996172 |s2cid=235717296 |issn=0217-9520}}</ref>

* [[Kohei Saito]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goodfellow |first=Maya |date=28 February 2023 |title=A greener Marx? Kohei Saito on connecting communism with the climate crisis |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/28/a-greener-marx-kohei-saito-on-connecting-communism-with-the-climate-crisis |access-date=23 April 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208002056/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/28/a-greener-marx-kohei-saito-on-connecting-communism-with-the-climate-crisis |archive-date=8 December 2023}}</ref>

* [[Kohei Saito]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Goodfellow |first=Maya |date=28 February 2023 |title=A greener Marx? Kohei Saito on connecting communism with the climate crisis |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/28/a-greener-marx-kohei-saito-on-connecting-communism-with-the-climate-crisis |access-date=23 April 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208002056/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/28/a-greener-marx-kohei-saito-on-connecting-communism-with-the-climate-crisis |archive-date=8 December 2023}}</ref>

* [[Alberto Toscano]]<ref>{{Cite interview |last=Toscano |first=Alberto |author-link=Alberto Toscano |title=Alberto Toscano: Solidarity and Political Work {{!}} Historical Materialism |url=https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/interviews/alberto-toscano-solidarity-and-political-work |access-date=31 March 2023 |interviewer=kritisch-lesen.de |website=www.historicalmaterialism.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401072231/https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/interviews/alberto-toscano-solidarity-and-political-work |archive-date=1 April 2023}}</ref>

* [[Alberto Toscano]]<ref>{{cite interview |last=Toscano |first=Alberto |author-link=Alberto Toscano |title=Alberto Toscano: Solidarity and Political Work {{!}} Historical Materialism |url=https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/interviews/alberto-toscano-solidarity-and-political-work |access-date=31 March 2023 |interviewer=kritisch-lesen.de |website=www.historicalmaterialism.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401072231/https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/interviews/alberto-toscano-solidarity-and-political-work |archive-date=1 April 2023}}</ref>

* [[Erik Olin Wright]]

* [[Erik Olin Wright]]

* [[Gianni Vattimo]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weiss |first=Martin G. |date=8 November 2018 |title=Review of Making Communism Hermeneutical: Reading Vattimo and Zabala |url=https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/making-communism-hermeneutical-reading-vattimo-and-zabala/ |journal=Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews |issn=1538-1617 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524214333/https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/making-communism-hermeneutical-reading-vattimo-and-zabala/ |archive-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>

* [[Gianni Vattimo]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Weiss |first=Martin G. |date=8 November 2018 |title=Review of Making Communism Hermeneutical: Reading Vattimo and Zabala |url=https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/making-communism-hermeneutical-reading-vattimo-and-zabala/ |journal=Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews |issn=1538-1617 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524214333/https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/making-communism-hermeneutical-reading-vattimo-and-zabala/ |archive-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>

{{Div col end}}

{{Div col end}}



Other non-Marxist thinkers who have also had an effect on the 'new communists' include the revolutionaries [[Subcomandante Marcos]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Andrew |title=Mexico's masked Marxists: meet the Zapatistas |url=http://theconversation.com/mexicos-masked-marxists-meet-the-zapatistas-21726 |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |date=13 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521230056/http://theconversation.com/mexicos-masked-marxists-meet-the-zapatistas-21726 |archive-date=21 May 2023}}</ref> and [[Abdullah Öcalan]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Abdullah Öcalan |url=https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/abdullah-ocalan-interview-with-abdullah-ocalan |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=The Anarchist Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616060408/https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/abdullah-ocalan-interview-with-abdullah-ocalan |archive-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> abolitionist [[Ruth Wilson Gilmore]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otto |first=Mark |date=2 June 2022 |title=Newsletter #31: Prison Abolition and Communism, with Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Alberto Toscano, and Brenna Bhandar |url=https://www.thedigradio.com/newsletter31/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=The Dig Radio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607031155/https://thedigradio.com/newsletter31/ |archive-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> economist [[Frédéric Lordon]],<ref>{{Cite web |first=Frédéric |last=Lordon |date=8 November 2021 |title=In search of luxurious communism |url=https://mondediplo.com/outside-in/luxury-communism |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=Le Monde diplomatique |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105205358/https://mondediplo.com/outside-in/luxury-communism |archive-date=5 November 2023}}</ref> architecture journalist [[Owen Hatherley]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hatherley |first=Owen |date=2 June 2016 |url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/192515/landscapes-of-communism-by-hatherley-owen/9780141975894 |title=Landscapes of Communism |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331014755/https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/192515/landscapes-of-communism-by-hatherley-owen/9780141975894 |archive-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> and the late anthropologist [[David Graeber]].<ref name="Brincat 2014" />

Other non-Marxist thinkers who have also had an effect on the 'new communists' include the revolutionaries [[Subcomandante Marcos]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Self |first=Andrew |title=Mexico's masked Marxists: meet the Zapatistas |url=http://theconversation.com/mexicos-masked-marxists-meet-the-zapatistas-21726 |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |date=13 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521230056/http://theconversation.com/mexicos-masked-marxists-meet-the-zapatistas-21726 |archive-date=21 May 2023}}</ref> and [[Abdullah Öcalan]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Abdullah Öcalan |url=https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/abdullah-ocalan-interview-with-abdullah-ocalan |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=The Anarchist Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616060408/https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/abdullah-ocalan-interview-with-abdullah-ocalan |archive-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> abolitionist [[Ruth Wilson Gilmore]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Otto |first=Mark |date=2 June 2022 |title=Newsletter #31: Prison Abolition and Communism, with Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Alberto Toscano, and Brenna Bhandar |url=https://www.thedigradio.com/newsletter31/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=The Dig Radio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607031155/https://thedigradio.com/newsletter31/ |archive-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> economist [[Frédéric Lordon]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Frédéric |last=Lordon |date=8 November 2021 |title=In search of luxurious communism |url=https://mondediplo.com/outside-in/luxury-communism |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=Le Monde diplomatique |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105205358/https://mondediplo.com/outside-in/luxury-communism |archive-date=5 November 2023}}</ref> architecture journalist [[Owen Hatherley]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Hatherley |first=Owen |date=2 June 2016 |url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/192515/landscapes-of-communism-by-hatherley-owen/9780141975894 |title=Landscapes of Communism |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331014755/https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/192515/landscapes-of-communism-by-hatherley-owen/9780141975894 |archive-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> and the late anthropologist [[David Graeber]].<ref name="Brincat 2014" />



Whilst these theorists come from a broad range of traditions, included but not limited to the [[Black radical tradition|Black Radical Tradition]], [[Eco-socialism]], [[Maoism]], [[Neo-Marxism]], [[post-Marxism]] and [[Autonomism|Autonomist]]/[[Open Marxism]], what they all tend to have in common is a critique of past socialist experiments, and a re-orientation of the [[Post-structuralism|revolutionary subject]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Bloom |first=Steve |date=17 February 2023 |title=For a 21st Century Marxism |url=https://cosmonautmag.com/2023/02/for-a-21st-century-marxism/ |access-date=7 April 2023 |magazine=Cosmonaut |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127232828/https://cosmonautmag.com/2023/02/for-a-21st-century-marxism/ |archive-date=27 November 2023}}</ref>

Whilst these theorists come from a broad range of traditions, included but not limited to the [[Black radical tradition|Black Radical Tradition]], [[Eco-socialism]], [[Maoism]], [[Neo-Marxism]], [[post-Marxism]] and [[Autonomism|Autonomist]]/[[Open Marxism]], what they all tend to have in common is a critique of past socialist experiments, and a re-orientation of the [[Post-structuralism|revolutionary subject]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bloom |first=Steve |date=17 February 2023 |title=For a 21st Century Marxism |url=https://cosmonautmag.com/2023/02/for-a-21st-century-marxism/ |access-date=7 April 2023 |magazine=Cosmonaut |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127232828/https://cosmonautmag.com/2023/02/for-a-21st-century-marxism/ |archive-date=27 November 2023}}</ref>



== Notable works ==

== Notable works ==

[[Empire (Hardt and Negri book)|''Empire'']] was a major turning stone in 21st-century Marxist and communist thought.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Žižek |first=Slavoj |date=September 2001 |title=Have Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri Rewritten the Communist Manifesto for the Twenty-First Century? |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/089356901101241875 |journal=[[Rethinking Marxism]] |volume=13 |issue=3–4 |pages=190–198 |doi=10.1080/089356901101241875 |s2cid=140777766 |issn=0893-5696}}</ref>

[[Empire (Hardt and Negri book)|''Empire'']] was a major turning stone in 21st-century Marxist and communist thought.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Žižek |first=Slavoj |date=September 2001 |title=Have Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri Rewritten the Communist Manifesto for the Twenty-First Century? |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/089356901101241875 |journal=[[Rethinking Marxism]] |volume=13 |issue=3–4 |pages=190–198 |doi=10.1080/089356901101241875 |s2cid=140777766 |issn=0893-5696}}</ref>



Theoretical publications, some published by [[Verso Books]], include ''The Idea of Communism'', edited by [[Costas Douzinas]] and Žižek;<ref name="Idea2010">{{cite book |editor1-last=Douzinas |editor1-first=C. |editor1-link=Costas Douzinas |editor2-last=Žižek |editor2-first=S. |editor2-link=Slavoj Žižek |last=Žižek |first=S. |author-link=Slavoj Žižek |date=December 2010 |chapter=Introduction |title=The ideaofcommunism |pages=vii–x |location=London |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=978-1-84467-459-6}}</ref><ref name="Brincat 2014" /> Badiou's ''The Communist Hypothesis''; and Bosteels's ''The Actuality of Communism''. The defining common ground is the contention that "the crises of contemporary [[Liberal democracy|liberal]] [[Capitalism|capitalist]] societies—ecological degradation, financial turmoil, the loss of trust in the political class, exploding inequality—are systemic; interlinked, not amenable to [[Reformism|legislative reform]], and requiring '[[Revolutionary socialism|revolutionary]]' solutions".<ref name="WANC" /><ref name="Idea2010" />

Theoretical publications, some published by [[Verso Books]], include ''The Idea of Communism'', edited by [[Costas Douzinas]] and Žižek;<ref name="Idea2010">{{cite book |editor1-last=Douzinas |editor1-first=C. |editor1-link=Costas Douzinas |editor2-last=Žižek |editor2-first=S. |editor2-link=Slavoj Žižek |last=Žižek |first=S. |author-link=Slavoj Žižek |date=December 2010 |chapter=Introduction |title=The IdeaofCommunism |pages=vii–x |volume=1 |location=London |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=978-1-84467-459-6}}</ref><ref name="Brincat 2014" /> Badiou's ''The Communist Hypothesis''; and Bosteels's ''The Actuality of Communism''. The defining common ground is the contention that "the crises of contemporary [[Liberal democracy|liberal]] [[Capitalism|capitalist]] societies—ecological degradation, financial turmoil, the loss of trust in the political class, exploding inequality—are systemic; interlinked, not amenable to [[Reformism|legislative reform]], and requiring '[[Revolutionary socialism|revolutionary]]' solutions".<ref name="WANC" /><ref name="Idea2010" />



In the introduction to ''The Idea of Communism'' (2009), Žižek and Douzinas also identified four common premises among the thinkers in attendance:

In the introduction to ''The Idea of Communism'' (2009), Žižek and Douzinas also identified four common premises among the thinkers in attendance:

Line 51: Line 51:

# Communism as [[freedom]] and [[Egalitarianism|equality]]. Equality cannot exist without freedom and vice versa.<ref name="Idea2010"/>

# Communism as [[freedom]] and [[Egalitarianism|equality]]. Equality cannot exist without freedom and vice versa.<ref name="Idea2010"/>



A rise in Marxist thought followed the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]], with the publishing of books including [[G. A. Cohen]]'s ''Why Not Socialism?'' (2009), Paul Paolucci's ''Marx's Scientific Dialectics'' (2009), Kieran Allen's ''Marx and the Alternative to Capitalism'' (2011), Terry Eagleton's ''[[Why Marx Was Right]]'' (2011) and Vincent Mosco's ''Marx Is Back'' (2012).<ref>{{cite journal |title=''The End of Socialism'' (Review) |journal=[[The Review of Austrian Economics]] |last=Casey |first=Gerard |author-link=Gerard Casey (philosopher) |volume=29 |issue=3 |year=2016 |issn=0889-3047}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jeffries |first=Stuart |date=4 July 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/the-return-of-marxism |title=Why Marxism is on the rise again |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012071650/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/the-return-of-marxism |archive-date=12 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Marxism as a Science of Interpretation: Beyond Louis Althusser |journal=[[South African Journal of Philosophy]] |last=Lamola |first=M. John |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2013 |pages=187–196 |doi=10.1080/02580136.2013.817635 |s2cid=144299487 |issn=0258-0136}}</ref> ''The Communist Horizon'',<ref name="jodi"/> published in 2012 by [[Jodi Dean]], marked the beginning in a series of books from Dean which argue for the necessity of communist and Leninist politics. The most wide-read of these was [[Mark Fisher|Mark Fisher's]] (2009) ''[[Capitalist Realism]].''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bastani |first=Aaron |author-link=Aaron Bastani |date=13 January 2023 |title=Is This the Most Important Book So Far This Century? |url=https://novaramedia.com/2023/01/13/is-this-the-most-important-book-so-far-this-century/ |access-date=24 May 2023 |publisher=[[Novara Media]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915232231/https://novaramedia.com/2023/01/13/is-this-the-most-important-book-so-far-this-century/ |archive-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>

A rise in Marxist thought followed the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]], with the publishing of books including [[G. A. Cohen]]'s ''Why Not Socialism?'' (2009), Paul Paolucci's ''Marx's Scientific Dialectics'' (2009), Kieran Allen's ''Marx and the Alternative to Capitalism'' (2011), Terry Eagleton's ''[[Why Marx Was Right]]'' (2011) and Vincent Mosco's ''Marx Is Back'' (2012).<ref>{{cite journal |title=''The End of Socialism'' (Review) |journal=[[The Review of Austrian Economics]] |last=Casey |first=Gerard |author-link=Gerard Casey (philosopher) |volume=29 |issue=3 |year=2016 |issn=0889-3047}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jeffries |first=Stuart |date=4 July 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/the-return-of-marxism |title=Why Marxism is on the rise again |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012071650/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/the-return-of-marxism |archive-date=12 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Marxism as a Science of Interpretation: Beyond Louis Althusser |journal=[[South African Journal of Philosophy]] |last=Lamola |first=M. John |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2013 |pages=187–196 |doi=10.1080/02580136.2013.817635 |s2cid=144299487 |issn=0258-0136}}</ref> ''The Communist Horizon'',<ref name="jodi"/> published in 2012 by [[Jodi Dean]], marked the beginning in a series of books from Dean which argue for the necessity of communist and Leninist politics. The most wide-read of these was [[Mark Fisher|Mark Fisher's]] (2009) ''[[Capitalist Realism]].''<ref>{{cite web |last=Bastani |first=Aaron |author-link=Aaron Bastani |date=13 January 2023 |title=Is This the Most Important Book So Far This Century? |url=https://novaramedia.com/2023/01/13/is-this-the-most-important-book-so-far-this-century/ |access-date=24 May 2023 |publisher=[[Novara Media]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915232231/https://novaramedia.com/2023/01/13/is-this-the-most-important-book-so-far-this-century/ |archive-date=15 September 2023}}</ref>



''The Communist Necessity'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Communist Necessity 2nd Ed. |url=https://leftwingbooks.net/en-us/products/the-communist-necessity-2nd-ed |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Leftwingbooks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924161443/https://leftwingbooks.net/en-us/products/the-communist-necessity-2nd-ed |archive-date=24 September 2023}}</ref> published in 2015 by [[J. Moufawad-Paul]], also argues for the necessity of the communist party in radical social change. ''[[Fully Automated Luxury Communism]]'', published in 2019, has helped normalise the term 'communist' within public discourse in the anglophone world.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Merchant |first=Brian |date=18 March 2015 |title=Fully automated luxury communism |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/mar/18/fully-automated-luxury-communism-robots-employment |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411165646/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/mar/18/fully-automated-luxury-communism-robots-employment |archive-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>

''The Communist Necessity'',<ref>{{cite web |title=The Communist Necessity 2nd Ed. |url=https://leftwingbooks.net/en-us/products/the-communist-necessity-2nd-ed |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Leftwingbooks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924161443/https://leftwingbooks.net/en-us/products/the-communist-necessity-2nd-ed |archive-date=24 September 2023}}</ref> published in 2015 by [[J. Moufawad-Paul]], also argues for the necessity of the communist party in radical social change. ''[[Fully Automated Luxury Communism]]'', published in 2019, has helped normalise the term 'communist' within public discourse in the anglophone world.<ref>{{cite news |last=Merchant |first=Brian |date=18 March 2015 |title=Fully automated luxury communism |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/mar/18/fully-automated-luxury-communism-robots-employment |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411165646/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/mar/18/fully-automated-luxury-communism-robots-employment |archive-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>



2023 saw the publication of two significant books on the topic of communism: ''Marx in the Anthropocene'' by [[Kohei Saito]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saito |first=Kohei |author-link=Kohei Saito |year=2023 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/marx-in-the-anthropocene/D58765916F0CB624FCCBB61F50879376 |title=Marx in the Anthropocene: Towards the Idea of Degrowth Communism |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-84415-4 |location=Cambridge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203135211/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/marx-in-the-anthropocene/D58765916F0CB624FCCBB61F50879376 |archive-date=3 December 2023}}</ref> which developed a notion of a [[degrowth]] communism, and ''Communism and Strategy'' by [[Isabelle Garo]],<ref name="garo">{{Cite book |last=Garo |first=Isabelle |author-link=Isabelle Garo |year=2023 |title=Communism and Strategy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqCvEAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=9781839768231 |oclc=1371140528 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720171014/https://books.google.com/books?id=dqCvEAAAQBAJ |archive-date=20 July 2023}}</ref> which examines contemporary communist theorists in relation to Gramsci and Marx.

2023 saw the publication of two significant books on the topic of communism: ''Marx in the Anthropocene'' by [[Kohei Saito]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Saito |first=Kohei |author-link=Kohei Saito |year=2023 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/marx-in-the-anthropocene/D58765916F0CB624FCCBB61F50879376 |title=Marx in the Anthropocene: Towards the Idea of Degrowth Communism |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-84415-4 |location=Cambridge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203135211/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/marx-in-the-anthropocene/D58765916F0CB624FCCBB61F50879376 |archive-date=3 December 2023}}</ref> which developed a notion of a [[degrowth]] communism, and ''Communism and Strategy'' by [[Isabelle Garo]], which examines contemporary communist theorists in relation to [[Antonio Gramsci]] and [[Karl Marx]].<ref name="garo">{{cite book |last=Garo |first=Isabelle |author-link=Isabelle Garo |year=2023 |title=Communism and Strategy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqCvEAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=9781839768231 |oclc=1371140528 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720171014/https://books.google.com/books?id=dqCvEAAAQBAJ |archive-date=20 July 2023}}</ref>



== See also ==

== See also ==

Line 81: Line 81:


== Further reading ==

== Further reading ==

* [[Costas Douzinas]], [[Slavoj Žižek]], editors; ''The Idea of Communism'' (Vol.1), hardcover, 224 pages, {{ISBN|978-1-84467-455-8}}; trade paperback, Verso (13 December 2010), {{ISBN|978-1-84467-459-6}}.

* {{cite book |editor1-last=Douzinas |editor1-first=C. |editor1-link=Costas Douzinas |editor2-last=Žižek |editor2-first=S. |editor2-link=Slavoj Žižek |date=December 2010 |title=The Idea of Communism |volume=1 |location=London |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=978-1-84467-459-6}}

* {{cite magazine |last=Harvey |first=Mark |title=The ide of communism - review |url=http://socialistreview.org.uk/355/idea-communism |date=February 2011 |magazine=Socialist Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230172809/http://socialistreview.org.uk/355/idea-communism |archive-date=30 December 2017}}

* {{cite magazine |last=Harvey |first=Mark |title=The ide of communism - review |url=http://socialistreview.org.uk/355/idea-communism |date=February 2011 |magazine=Socialist Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230172809/http://socialistreview.org.uk/355/idea-communism |archive-date=30 December 2017}}

* {{cite book |last=Badiou |first=Alain |author-link=Alain Badiou |title=The Communist Hypothesis |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |date=13 July 2010 |edition=hardcover |isbn=978-1-84467-600-2}}

* {{cite book |last=Badiou |first=Alain |author-link=Alain Badiou |title=The Communist Hypothesis |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |date=13 July 2010 |edition=hardcover |isbn=978-1-84467-600-2}}


Revision as of 17:56, 11 May 2024

According to the political theorist Alan Johnson, there has been a revival of serious interest in communism in the 21st century led by Slavoj Žižek and Alain Badiou.[1][2]

History

In 2009, many of these advocates contributed to the three-day conference, "The Idea of Communism", in London that drew a substantial paying audience.[3] Journals such as Endnotes, Salvage, Ebb Magazine[4] Kites[5] and Historical Materialism launched with communist outlooks, as well as news outlets such as Novara Media.[6]

Furthermore, internet culture and declining life prospects[7] has led to a general rise amongst Millennials and Gen-Z in support for communism and socialism,[8] in tandem with the rise of left-populism in the US[9] and the UK.[10] Explicitly left-wing contemporary artists, such as filmmakers,[11] musicians,[12] video-game creators[13] and comedians[14][15] have received widespread attention, such as the rapper/producer JPEGMafia,[16] and a whole media-creator ecosystem has developed around the online left, known as BreadTube.[17]

Contemporary communist theorists

  • Bruno Bosteels[19]
  • Harry Cleaver[20]
  • Angela Davis[21]
  • Jodi Dean[22]
  • Costas Douzinas[23]
  • Mark Fisher[24]
  • Silvia Federici[25]
  • Anuradha Ghandy
  • Agon Hamza[26]
  • Michael Hardt[27]
  • Michael Heinrich[citation needed]
  • John Holloway[28]
  • Robin Kelley[29]
  • Andreas Malm[30]
  • China Miéville[31]
  • J. Moufawad-Paul[32]
  • Antonio Negri[33]
  • Vijay Prashad[34]
  • Jose Maria Sison[35]
  • Kohei Saito[36]
  • Alberto Toscano[37]
  • Erik Olin Wright
  • Gianni Vattimo[38]
  • Other non-Marxist thinkers who have also had an effect on the 'new communists' include the revolutionaries Subcomandante Marcos[39] and Abdullah Öcalan,[40] abolitionist Ruth Wilson Gilmore,[41] economist Frédéric Lordon,[42] architecture journalist Owen Hatherley[43] and the late anthropologist David Graeber.[19]

    Whilst these theorists come from a broad range of traditions, included but not limited to the Black Radical Tradition, Eco-socialism, Maoism, Neo-Marxism, post-Marxism and Autonomist/Open Marxism, what they all tend to have in common is a critique of past socialist experiments, and a re-orientation of the revolutionary subject.[44]

    Notable works

    Empire was a major turning stone in 21st-century Marxist and communist thought.[45]

    Theoretical publications, some published by Verso Books, include The Idea of Communism, edited by Costas Douzinas and Žižek;[46][19] Badiou's The Communist Hypothesis; and Bosteels's The Actuality of Communism. The defining common ground is the contention that "the crises of contemporary liberal capitalist societies—ecological degradation, financial turmoil, the loss of trust in the political class, exploding inequality—are systemic; interlinked, not amenable to legislative reform, and requiring 'revolutionary' solutions".[1][46]

    In the introduction to The Idea of Communism (2009), Žižek and Douzinas also identified four common premises among the thinkers in attendance:

    1. The idea of communism confronts depoliticization through a return to voluntarism.
    2. Communism as a radical philosophical idea. It must be thought of as taking distance from economism and statism as well as learning from the experiences of the 21st century.
    3. Communism combats neoliberalism by returning to the idea of the "common".
    4. Communism as freedom and equality. Equality cannot exist without freedom and vice versa.[46]

    A rise in Marxist thought followed the financial crisis of 2007–2008, with the publishing of books including G. A. Cohen's Why Not Socialism? (2009), Paul Paolucci's Marx's Scientific Dialectics (2009), Kieran Allen's Marx and the Alternative to Capitalism (2011), Terry Eagleton's Why Marx Was Right (2011) and Vincent Mosco's Marx Is Back (2012).[47][48][49] The Communist Horizon,[22] published in 2012 by Jodi Dean, marked the beginning in a series of books from Dean which argue for the necessity of communist and Leninist politics. The most wide-read of these was Mark Fisher's (2009) Capitalist Realism.[50]

    The Communist Necessity,[51] published in 2015 by J. Moufawad-Paul, also argues for the necessity of the communist party in radical social change. Fully Automated Luxury Communism, published in 2019, has helped normalise the term 'communist' within public discourse in the anglophone world.[52]

    2023 saw the publication of two significant books on the topic of communism: Marx in the AnthropocenebyKohei Saito,[53] which developed a notion of a degrowth communism, and Communism and StrategybyIsabelle Garo, which examines contemporary communist theorists in relation to Antonio Gramsci and Karl Marx.[54]

    See also

  • Black radical tradition
  • Chinese New Left
  • Critical theory
  • Critical race theory
  • Communism
  • Gender studies
  • History of communism § Contemporary communism (1993–present)
  • Neo-Marxism
  • New Communist Movement
  • Prison abolition movement
  • Post-Marxism
  • Post-structuralism
  • Postcolonialism
  • Socialism of the 21st century
  • References

    1. ^ a b Johnson, Alan (May–June 2012). "The New Communism: Resurrecting the Utopian Delusion". World Affairs. 175 (1). SAGE Publications, Inc.: 62–70. JSTOR 41638993.
  • ^ Thoburn, Nicholas (2013). "Do Not Be Afraid, Join Us, Come Back? On the "Idea of Communism" in Our Time". Cultural Critique. 84: 1–34. doi:10.5749/culturalcritique.84.2013.0001. ISSN 0882-4371. JSTOR 10.5749/culturalcritique.84.2013.0001. S2CID 142348896.
  • ^ Campbell, Duncan (12 March 2009). "Move over Jacko, Idea of Communism is hottest ticket in town this weekend". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
  • ^ "About". Ebb. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  • ^ "About us". 22 January 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  • ^ "I met today's communists... and I wasn't convinced". British GQ. 5 September 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Lowrey, Annie (13 April 2020). "Millennials Don't Stand a Chance". The Atlantic. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Gregory, Andy (7 November 2019). "More than a third of millennials approve of communism, YouGov poll indicates". The Independent. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Gray, Briahna Joy (11 May 2020). "The Rise and Fall of Bernie Sanders". Tribune (Interview). Interviewed by Kilpatrick, Connor. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Knight, Sam (16 May 2016). "The Astonishing Rise of Jeremy Corbyn". The New Yorker. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Sang-Hun, Choe (13 February 2020). "Bong Joon Ho's Path From Seoul to Oscar Dominance". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Kornhaber, Spencer (11 March 2016). "What Kendrick Lamar Has to Say About Capitalism". The Atlantic. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Klepek, Patrick (20 January 2020). "The Radical Politics of 'Disco Elysium' Make For a Potentially Complicated Legacy". Vice News. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Maxwell, Dominic. "From Hannah Gadsby to Sacha Baron Cohen: the 30 best living comedians". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Burrows, Marc (30 March 2023). "Frankie Boyle's "shock" comedy was vile – no wonder he's given himself a makeover". New Statesman. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ "L.A. rapper JPEGMAFIA lashes out at the right and the 'fake-woke' left. Just don't call it 'trolling'". Los Angeles Times. 29 June 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Lee, Alexander Mitchell (8 March 2021). "Meet BreadTube, the YouTube activists trying to beat the far-right at their own game". The Conversation. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  • ^ Balibar, Étienne (15 January 2021). "'Communism is an active and diverse collective subjectivity': An Interview with Etienne Balibar". Verso Books (Interview). Interviewed by Skalski, Jérôme. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ a b c Brincat, Shannon (2014). "Introduction - Communism in the 21st Century: Vision and Sublation". In Brincat, Shannon (ed.). Communism in the 21st Century. Vol. 1. Praeger. pp. xxvii–xxviii. ISBN 978-1-4408-0126-6.
  • ^ https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/InterviewwithHarryCleaver.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  • ^ George, Nelson (19 October 2020). "Angela Davis Still Believes America Can Change". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ a b Dean, Jodi (2012). The Communist Horizon. Verso Books. ISBN 9781844679546. OCLC 1083890228. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023.
  • ^ "The Idea of Communism". Verso Books. Archived from the original on 30 September 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  • ^ "Mark Fisher | Acid Communism (Unfinished Introduction)". BLACKOUT ((poetry & politics)). 25 April 2019. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Martínez, Josefina L. (17 July 2022). "Feminism and Communism: A Debate with Silvia Federici". Left Voice. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ "Politics, State, Communism". Oxbow Books. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  • ^ Hardt, Michael (3 February 2011). "Reclaim the common in communism". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Holloway, John (20 March 2002). Change the World Without Taking Power. Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-1863-0.
  • ^ Kelley, Robin D. G. (2015). Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists during the Great Depression. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2548-5. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Eaton, George (14 October 2020). "Andreas Malm: "The likely future is escalating catastrophe"". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Miéville, China (2021). A Spectre, Haunting. Haymarket Books. ISBN 9781642598926. OCLC 1346365097. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ "Critique of Maoist Reason - J. Moufawad-Paul". Foreign Languages Press. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Guattari, Félix; Negri, Antonio (9 September 2012). Communists like us. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023 – via libcom.org.
  • ^ "Communist Histories". LeftWord. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022.
  • ^ Scalice, Joseph (2021). ""We are Siding with Filipino Capitalists": Nationalism and the Political Maturation of Jose Ma. Sison, 1959–61". Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia. 36 (1): 1–39. doi:10.1355/sj36-1a. ISSN 0217-9520. JSTOR 26996172. S2CID 235717296.
  • ^ Goodfellow, Maya (28 February 2023). "A greener Marx? Kohei Saito on connecting communism with the climate crisis". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  • ^ Toscano, Alberto. "Alberto Toscano: Solidarity and Political Work | Historical Materialism". www.historicalmaterialism.org (Interview). Interviewed by kritisch-lesen.de. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Weiss, Martin G. (8 November 2018). "Review of Making Communism Hermeneutical: Reading Vattimo and Zabala". Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. ISSN 1538-1617. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023.
  • ^ Self, Andrew (13 January 2014). "Mexico's masked Marxists: meet the Zapatistas". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ "Interview with Abdullah Öcalan". The Anarchist Library. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Otto, Mark (2 June 2022). "Newsletter #31: Prison Abolition and Communism, with Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Alberto Toscano, and Brenna Bhandar". The Dig Radio. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Lordon, Frédéric (8 November 2021). "In search of luxurious communism". Le Monde diplomatique. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  • ^ Hatherley, Owen (2 June 2016). Landscapes of Communism. Penguin Books. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Bloom, Steve (17 February 2023). "For a 21st Century Marxism". Cosmonaut. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  • ^ Žižek, Slavoj (September 2001). "Have Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri Rewritten the Communist Manifesto for the Twenty-First Century?". Rethinking Marxism. 13 (3–4): 190–198. doi:10.1080/089356901101241875. ISSN 0893-5696. S2CID 140777766.
  • ^ a b c Žižek, S. (December 2010). "Introduction". In Douzinas, C.; Žižek, S. (eds.). The Idea of Communism. Vol. 1. London: Verso Books. pp. vii–x. ISBN 978-1-84467-459-6.
  • ^ Casey, Gerard (2016). "The End of Socialism (Review)". The Review of Austrian Economics. 29 (3). ISSN 0889-3047.
  • ^ Jeffries, Stuart (4 July 2012). "Why Marxism is on the rise again". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  • ^ Lamola, M. John (2013). "Marxism as a Science of Interpretation: Beyond Louis Althusser". South African Journal of Philosophy. 32 (2): 187–196. doi:10.1080/02580136.2013.817635. ISSN 0258-0136. S2CID 144299487.
  • ^ Bastani, Aaron (13 January 2023). "Is This the Most Important Book So Far This Century?". Novara Media. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  • ^ "The Communist Necessity 2nd Ed". Leftwingbooks. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  • ^ Merchant, Brian (18 March 2015). "Fully automated luxury communism". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  • ^ Saito, Kohei (2023). Marx in the Anthropocene: Towards the Idea of Degrowth Communism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-84415-4. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023.
  • ^ Garo, Isabelle (2023). Communism and Strategy. Verso Books. ISBN 9781839768231. OCLC 1371140528. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023.
  • Further reading


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