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== History == |
== History == |
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In 2009, many of these advocates contributed to the three-day conference, "The Idea of Communism", in London that drew a substantial paying audience.<ref name="GuardianIOC">{{cite news |last=Campbell |first=Duncan |date=12 March 2009 |title=Move over Jacko, Idea of Communism is hottest ticket in town this weekend |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/12/philosophy |access-date=18 May 2012 }}</ref> Journals such as ''Endnotes'', ''Salvage, Ebb Magazine''<ref>{{ |
In 2009, many of these advocates contributed to the three-day conference, "The Idea of Communism", in London that drew a substantial paying audience.<ref name="GuardianIOC">{{cite news |last=Campbell |first=Duncan |date=12 March 2009 |title=Move over Jacko, Idea of Communism is hottest ticket in town this weekend |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/12/philosophy |access-date=18 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404033508/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/mar/12/philosophy |archive-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Journals such as ''Endnotes'', ''Salvage, Ebb Magazine''<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.ebb-magazine.com/about |access-date=15 May 2023 |website=Ebb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505124117/https://www.ebb-magazine.com/about |archive-date=5 May 2024}}</ref> ''Kites''<ref>{{cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=About us |url=https://kites-journal.org/about/ |access-date=5 June 2023 |language=en |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> and ''[[Historical Materialism (journal)|Historical Materialism]]'' launched with communist outlooks, as well as news outlets such as [[Novara Media]].<ref>{{cite magazine |date=5 September 2019 |title=I met today's communists... and I wasn't convinced |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/politics/article/fully-automated-luxury-communism |access-date=31 March 2023 |magazine=[[GQ (magazine)|British GQ]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> |
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Furthermore, [[internet culture]] and declining life prospects<ref>{{ |
Furthermore, [[internet culture]] and declining life prospects<ref>{{cite news |last=Lowrey |first=Annie |author-link=Annie Lowrey |date=13 April 2020 |title=Millennials Don't Stand a Chance |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/millennials-are-new-lost-generation/609832/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> has led to a general rise amongst [[Millennials]] and [[Generation Z|Gen-Z]] in support for communism and socialism,<ref>{{cite news |last=Gregory |first=Andy |date=7 November 2019 |title=More than a third of millennials approve of communism, YouGov poll indicates |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/communism-millennials-capitalism-socialism-bernie-sanders-cold-war-yougov-a9188116.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> in tandem with the rise of [[Left-wing populism|left-populism]] in the US<ref>{{cite interview |last=Gray |first=Briahna Joy |author-link=Briahna Joy Gray |date=11 May 2020 |interviewer-last=Kilpatrick |interviewer-first=Connor |title=The Rise and Fall of Bernie Sanders |url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/11/the-rise-and-fall-of-bernie-sanders |access-date=31 March 2023 |magazine=[[Tribune (magazine)|Tribune]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> and the UK.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Sam |date=16 May 2016 |title=The Astonishing Rise of Jeremy Corbyn |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/23/the-astonishing-rise-of-jeremy-corbyn |access-date=31 March 2023 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> Explicitly left-wing contemporary artists, such as filmmakers,<ref>{{cite news |last=Sang-Hun |first=Choe |author-link=Choe Sang-hun |date=13 February 2020 |title=Bong Joon Ho's Path From Seoul to Oscar Dominance |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/13/world/asia/bong-joon-ho-south-korea.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> musicians,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kornhaber |first=Spencer |date=11 March 2016 |title=What Kendrick Lamar Has to Say About Capitalism |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/03/kendrick-lamar-untitled-unmastered-review-capitalism/472836/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> video-game creators<ref>{{cite news |last=Klepek |first=Patrick |date=20 January 2020 |title=The Radical Politics of 'Disco Elysium' Make For a Potentially Complicated Legacy |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/qjdb5m/the-radical-politics-of-disco-elysium-make-for-a-potentially-complicated-legacy |access-date=31 March 2023 |newspaper=[[Vice News]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> and comedians<ref>{{cite news |last=Maxwell |first=Dominic |title=From Hannah Gadsby to Sacha Baron Cohen: the 30 best living comedians |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/from-hannah-gadsby-to-sacha-baron-cohen-the-30-best-living-comedians-t3x0wxltp |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Burrows |first=Marc |date=30 March 2023 |title=Frankie Boyle's "shock" comedy was vile – no wonder he's given himself a makeover |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/tv/2023/03/frankie-boyle-shock-comedy-vile-given-makeover |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[New Statesman]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> have received widespread attention, such as the rapper/producer [[JPEGMafia]],<ref>{{cite news |date=29 June 2018 |title=L.A. rapper JPEGMAFIA lashes out at the right and the 'fake-woke' left. Just don't call it 'trolling' |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-jpegmafia-protest-20180629-story.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> and a whole media-creator ecosystem has developed around the online left, known as [[BreadTube]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander Mitchell |title=Meet BreadTube, the YouTube activists trying to beat the far-right at their own game |url=http://theconversation.com/meet-breadtube-the-youtube-activists-trying-to-beat-the-far-right-at-their-own-game-156125 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |date=8 March 2021 |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> |
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== Contemporary communist theorists == |
== Contemporary communist theorists == |
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{{Div col|colwidth=15em}} |
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}} |
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* [[Étienne Balibar]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Étienne Balibar]]<ref>{{cite interview |last=Balibar |first=Étienne |author-link=Étienne Balibar |date=15 January 2021 |interviewer-last=Skalski |interviewer-first=Jérôme |title='Communism is an active and diverse collective subjectivity': An Interview with Etienne Balibar |url=https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4972-communism-is-an-active-and-diverse-collective-subjectivity-an-interview-with-etienne-balibar |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=[[Verso Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331014753/https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4972-communism-is-an-active-and-diverse-collective-subjectivity-an-interview-with-etienne-balibar |archive-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Bruno Bosteels]]<ref name="Brincat 2014">{{cite book |last=Brincat |first=Shannon |title=Communism in the 21st Century |date=2014 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger]] |isbn=978-1-4408-0126-6 |editor-last=Brincat |editor-first=Shannon |volume=1 |pages=xxvii–xxviii |chapter=Introduction - Communism in the 21st Century: Vision and Sublation}}</ref> |
* [[Bruno Bosteels]]<ref name="Brincat 2014">{{cite book |last=Brincat |first=Shannon |title=Communism in the 21st Century |date=2014 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger]] |isbn=978-1-4408-0126-6 |editor-last=Brincat |editor-first=Shannon |volume=1 |pages=xxvii–xxviii |chapter=Introduction - Communism in the 21st Century: Vision and Sublation}}</ref> |
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* [[Harry Cleaver]]<ref>https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/InterviewwithHarryCleaver.html</ref> |
* [[Harry Cleaver]]<ref>{{cite web |title= |date= |url=https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/InterviewwithHarryCleaver.html |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> |
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* [[Angela Davis]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Angela Davis]]<ref>{{cite news |last=George |first=Nelson |author-link=Nelson George |date=19 October 2020 |title=Angela Davis Still Believes America Can Change |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/19/t-magazine/angela-davis.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020062823/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/19/t-magazine/angela-davis.html |archive-date=20 October 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Jodi Dean]]<ref name="jodi">{{ |
* [[Jodi Dean]]<ref name="jodi">{{cite book |last=Dean |first=Jodi |author-link=Jodi Dean |year=2012 |title=The Communist Horizon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBghOq42S3YC |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=9781844679546 |oclc=1083890228 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720165144/https://books.google.com/books?id=kBghOq42S3YC |archive-date=20 July 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Costas Douzinas]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Costas Douzinas]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Idea of Communism |url=https://www.versobooks.com/products/2175-the-idea-of-communism |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=[[Verso Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930013926/https://www.versobooks.com/products/2175-the-idea-of-communism |archive-date=30 September 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Mark Fisher]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Mark Fisher]]<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2019 |title=Mark Fisher {{!}} Acid Communism (Unfinished Introduction) |url=https://my-blackout.com/2019/04/25/mark-fisher-acid-communism-unfinished-introduction/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=BLACKOUT ((poetry & politics)) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209010053/https://my-blackout.com/2019/04/25/mark-fisher-acid-communism-unfinished-introduction/ |archive-date=9 December 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Silvia Federici]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Silvia Federici]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Martínez |first=Josefina L. |date=17 July 2022 |title=Feminism and Communism: A Debate with Silvia Federici |url=https://www.leftvoice.org/feminism-and-communism-a-debate-with-silvia-federici/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Left Voice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605093604/https://www.leftvoice.org/feminism-and-communism-a-debate-with-silvia-federici/ |archive-date=5 June 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Anuradha Ghandy]] |
* [[Anuradha Ghandy]] |
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* [[Agon Hamza]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Agon Hamza]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Politics, State, Communism |url=https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/politics-state-communism.html |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=[[Casemate Publishers|Oxbow Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526065912/https://www.oxbowbooks.com/oxbow/politics-state-communism.html |archive-date=26 May 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Michael Hardt]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Michael Hardt]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Hardt |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Hardt |date=3 February 2011 |title=Reclaim the common in communism |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/03/communism-capitalism-socialism-property |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201032336/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/feb/03/communism-capitalism-socialism-property |archive-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Michael Heinrich]] |
* [[Michael Heinrich]]{{cn|date=May 2024}} |
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* [[John Holloway (sociologist)|John Holloway]]<ref>{{ |
* [[John Holloway (sociologist)|John Holloway]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Holloway |first=John |author-link=John Holloway (sociologist) |title=[[Change the World Without Taking Power]] |date=20 March 2002 |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |isbn=0-7453-1863-0}}</ref> |
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* [[Robin Kelley]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Robin Kelley]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists during the Great Depression |last=Kelley |first=Robin D. G. |author-link=Robin Kelley |year=2015 |url=https://uncpress.org/book/9781469625485/hammer-and-hoe/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]] |isbn=978-1-4696-2548-5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207135448/https://www.uncpress.org/book/9781469625485/hammer-and-hoe/ |archive-date=7 December 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Andreas Malm]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Andreas Malm]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Eaton |first=George |author-link=George Eaton (journalist) |date=14 October 2020 |title=Andreas Malm: "The likely future is escalating catastrophe" |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/encounter/2020/10/andreas-malm-likely-future-escalating-catastrophe |access-date=31 March 2023 |work=[[New Statesman]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331014755/https://www.newstatesman.com/encounter/2020/10/andreas-malm-likely-future-escalating-catastrophe |archive-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[China Miéville]]<ref>{{ |
* [[China Miéville]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Miéville |first=China |author-link=China Miéville |year=2021 |title=A Spectre, Haunting |url=https://www.haymarketbooks.org/books/1990-a-spectre-haunting |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[Haymarket Books]] |isbn=9781642598926 |oclc=1346365097}}</ref> |
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* [[J. Moufawad-Paul]]<ref>{{ |
* [[J. Moufawad-Paul]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Critique of Maoist Reason - J. Moufawad-Paul |url=https://foreignlanguages.press/new-roads/critique-of-maoist-reason-j-moufawad-paul/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Foreign Languages Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907175932/https://foreignlanguages.press/new-roads/critique-of-maoist-reason-j-moufawad-paul/ |archive-date=7 September 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Antonio Negri]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Antonio Negri]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Communists like us |last1=Guattari |first1=Félix |author1-link=Félix Guattari |last2=Negri |first2=Antonio |author2-link=Antonio Negri |url=https://libcom.org/article/communists-us-felix-guattari-toni-negri |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=31 March 2023 |via=[[libcom.org]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529114748/https://libcom.org/article/communists-us-felix-guattari-toni-negri |archive-date=29 May 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Vijay Prashad]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Vijay Prashad]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Communist Histories |url=https://mayday.leftword.com/catalog/product/view/id/18297 |website=LeftWord |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808153828/https://mayday.leftword.com/catalog/product/view/id/18297 |archive-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> |
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<!--* Alessandro Russo<ref>{{ |
<!--* Alessandro Russo<ref>{{cite journal |last=Russo |first=Alessandro |date=2016 |title=Mummifying the Working Class: The Cultural Revolution and the Fates of the Political Parties of the 20th Century |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26291480 |journal=The China Quarterly |volume=227 |issue=227 |pages=653–673 |doi=10.1017/S0305741016001089 |jstor=26291480 |s2cid=157575279 |issn=0305-7410}}</ref>--> |
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* [[Jose Maria Sison]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Jose Maria Sison]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Scalice |first=Joseph |date=2021 |title="We are Siding with Filipino Capitalists": Nationalism and the Political Maturation of Jose Ma. Sison, 1959–61 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26996172 |journal=Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=1–39 |doi=10.1355/sj36-1a |jstor=26996172 |s2cid=235717296 |issn=0217-9520}}</ref> |
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* [[Kohei Saito]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Kohei Saito]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Goodfellow |first=Maya |date=28 February 2023 |title=A greener Marx? Kohei Saito on connecting communism with the climate crisis |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/28/a-greener-marx-kohei-saito-on-connecting-communism-with-the-climate-crisis |access-date=23 April 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208002056/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/28/a-greener-marx-kohei-saito-on-connecting-communism-with-the-climate-crisis |archive-date=8 December 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Alberto Toscano]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Alberto Toscano]]<ref>{{cite interview |last=Toscano |first=Alberto |author-link=Alberto Toscano |title=Alberto Toscano: Solidarity and Political Work {{!}} Historical Materialism |url=https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/interviews/alberto-toscano-solidarity-and-political-work |access-date=31 March 2023 |interviewer=kritisch-lesen.de |website=www.historicalmaterialism.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401072231/https://www.historicalmaterialism.org/interviews/alberto-toscano-solidarity-and-political-work |archive-date=1 April 2023}}</ref> |
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* [[Erik Olin Wright]] |
* [[Erik Olin Wright]] |
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* [[Gianni Vattimo]]<ref>{{ |
* [[Gianni Vattimo]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Weiss |first=Martin G. |date=8 November 2018 |title=Review of Making Communism Hermeneutical: Reading Vattimo and Zabala |url=https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/making-communism-hermeneutical-reading-vattimo-and-zabala/ |journal=Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews |issn=1538-1617 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524214333/https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/making-communism-hermeneutical-reading-vattimo-and-zabala/ |archive-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> |
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Other non-Marxist thinkers who have also had an effect on the 'new communists' include the revolutionaries [[Subcomandante Marcos]]<ref>{{ |
Other non-Marxist thinkers who have also had an effect on the 'new communists' include the revolutionaries [[Subcomandante Marcos]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Self |first=Andrew |title=Mexico's masked Marxists: meet the Zapatistas |url=http://theconversation.com/mexicos-masked-marxists-meet-the-zapatistas-21726 |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |date=13 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521230056/http://theconversation.com/mexicos-masked-marxists-meet-the-zapatistas-21726 |archive-date=21 May 2023}}</ref> and [[Abdullah Öcalan]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Abdullah Öcalan |url=https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/abdullah-ocalan-interview-with-abdullah-ocalan |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=The Anarchist Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616060408/https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/abdullah-ocalan-interview-with-abdullah-ocalan |archive-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> abolitionist [[Ruth Wilson Gilmore]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Otto |first=Mark |date=2 June 2022 |title=Newsletter #31: Prison Abolition and Communism, with Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Alberto Toscano, and Brenna Bhandar |url=https://www.thedigradio.com/newsletter31/ |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=The Dig Radio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607031155/https://thedigradio.com/newsletter31/ |archive-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> economist [[Frédéric Lordon]],<ref>{{cite web |first=Frédéric |last=Lordon |date=8 November 2021 |title=In search of luxurious communism |url=https://mondediplo.com/outside-in/luxury-communism |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=Le Monde diplomatique |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105205358/https://mondediplo.com/outside-in/luxury-communism |archive-date=5 November 2023}}</ref> architecture journalist [[Owen Hatherley]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Hatherley |first=Owen |date=2 June 2016 |url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/192515/landscapes-of-communism-by-hatherley-owen/9780141975894 |title=Landscapes of Communism |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331014755/https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/192515/landscapes-of-communism-by-hatherley-owen/9780141975894 |archive-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> and the late anthropologist [[David Graeber]].<ref name="Brincat 2014" /> |
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Whilst these theorists come from a broad range of traditions, included but not limited to the [[Black radical tradition|Black Radical Tradition]], [[Eco-socialism]], [[Maoism]], [[Neo-Marxism]], [[post-Marxism]] and [[Autonomism|Autonomist]]/[[Open Marxism]], what they all tend to have in common is a critique of past socialist experiments, and a re-orientation of the [[Post-structuralism|revolutionary subject]].<ref>{{ |
Whilst these theorists come from a broad range of traditions, included but not limited to the [[Black radical tradition|Black Radical Tradition]], [[Eco-socialism]], [[Maoism]], [[Neo-Marxism]], [[post-Marxism]] and [[Autonomism|Autonomist]]/[[Open Marxism]], what they all tend to have in common is a critique of past socialist experiments, and a re-orientation of the [[Post-structuralism|revolutionary subject]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bloom |first=Steve |date=17 February 2023 |title=For a 21st Century Marxism |url=https://cosmonautmag.com/2023/02/for-a-21st-century-marxism/ |access-date=7 April 2023 |magazine=Cosmonaut |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127232828/https://cosmonautmag.com/2023/02/for-a-21st-century-marxism/ |archive-date=27 November 2023}}</ref> |
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== Notable works == |
== Notable works == |
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[[Empire (Hardt and Negri book)|''Empire'']] was a major turning stone in 21st-century Marxist and communist thought.<ref>{{ |
[[Empire (Hardt and Negri book)|''Empire'']] was a major turning stone in 21st-century Marxist and communist thought.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Žižek |first=Slavoj |date=September 2001 |title=Have Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri Rewritten the Communist Manifesto for the Twenty-First Century? |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/089356901101241875 |journal=[[Rethinking Marxism]] |volume=13 |issue=3–4 |pages=190–198 |doi=10.1080/089356901101241875 |s2cid=140777766 |issn=0893-5696}}</ref> |
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Theoretical publications, some published by [[Verso Books]], include ''The Idea of Communism'', edited by [[Costas Douzinas]] and Žižek;<ref name="Idea2010">{{cite book |editor1-last=Douzinas |editor1-first=C. |editor1-link=Costas Douzinas |editor2-last=Žižek |editor2-first=S. |editor2-link=Slavoj Žižek |last=Žižek |first=S. |author-link=Slavoj Žižek |date=December 2010 |chapter=Introduction |title=The |
Theoretical publications, some published by [[Verso Books]], include ''The Idea of Communism'', edited by [[Costas Douzinas]] and Žižek;<ref name="Idea2010">{{cite book |editor1-last=Douzinas |editor1-first=C. |editor1-link=Costas Douzinas |editor2-last=Žižek |editor2-first=S. |editor2-link=Slavoj Žižek |last=Žižek |first=S. |author-link=Slavoj Žižek |date=December 2010 |chapter=Introduction |title=The IdeaofCommunism |pages=vii–x |volume=1 |location=London |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=978-1-84467-459-6}}</ref><ref name="Brincat 2014" /> Badiou's ''The Communist Hypothesis''; and Bosteels's ''The Actuality of Communism''. The defining common ground is the contention that "the crises of contemporary [[Liberal democracy|liberal]] [[Capitalism|capitalist]] societies—ecological degradation, financial turmoil, the loss of trust in the political class, exploding inequality—are systemic; interlinked, not amenable to [[Reformism|legislative reform]], and requiring '[[Revolutionary socialism|revolutionary]]' solutions".<ref name="WANC" /><ref name="Idea2010" /> |
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In the introduction to ''The Idea of Communism'' (2009), Žižek and Douzinas also identified four common premises among the thinkers in attendance: |
In the introduction to ''The Idea of Communism'' (2009), Žižek and Douzinas also identified four common premises among the thinkers in attendance: |
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# Communism as [[freedom]] and [[Egalitarianism|equality]]. Equality cannot exist without freedom and vice versa.<ref name="Idea2010"/> |
# Communism as [[freedom]] and [[Egalitarianism|equality]]. Equality cannot exist without freedom and vice versa.<ref name="Idea2010"/> |
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A rise in Marxist thought followed the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]], with the publishing of books including [[G. A. Cohen]]'s ''Why Not Socialism?'' (2009), Paul Paolucci's ''Marx's Scientific Dialectics'' (2009), Kieran Allen's ''Marx and the Alternative to Capitalism'' (2011), Terry Eagleton's ''[[Why Marx Was Right]]'' (2011) and Vincent Mosco's ''Marx Is Back'' (2012).<ref>{{cite journal |title=''The End of Socialism'' (Review) |journal=[[The Review of Austrian Economics]] |last=Casey |first=Gerard |author-link=Gerard Casey (philosopher) |volume=29 |issue=3 |year=2016 |issn=0889-3047}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jeffries |first=Stuart |date=4 July 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/the-return-of-marxism |title=Why Marxism is on the rise again |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012071650/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/the-return-of-marxism |archive-date=12 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Marxism as a Science of Interpretation: Beyond Louis Althusser |journal=[[South African Journal of Philosophy]] |last=Lamola |first=M. John |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2013 |pages=187–196 |doi=10.1080/02580136.2013.817635 |s2cid=144299487 |issn=0258-0136}}</ref> ''The Communist Horizon'',<ref name="jodi"/> published in 2012 by [[Jodi Dean]], marked the beginning in a series of books from Dean which argue for the necessity of communist and Leninist politics. The most wide-read of these was [[Mark Fisher|Mark Fisher's]] (2009) ''[[Capitalist Realism]].''<ref>{{ |
A rise in Marxist thought followed the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]], with the publishing of books including [[G. A. Cohen]]'s ''Why Not Socialism?'' (2009), Paul Paolucci's ''Marx's Scientific Dialectics'' (2009), Kieran Allen's ''Marx and the Alternative to Capitalism'' (2011), Terry Eagleton's ''[[Why Marx Was Right]]'' (2011) and Vincent Mosco's ''Marx Is Back'' (2012).<ref>{{cite journal |title=''The End of Socialism'' (Review) |journal=[[The Review of Austrian Economics]] |last=Casey |first=Gerard |author-link=Gerard Casey (philosopher) |volume=29 |issue=3 |year=2016 |issn=0889-3047}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jeffries |first=Stuart |date=4 July 2012 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/the-return-of-marxism |title=Why Marxism is on the rise again |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=11 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012071650/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/04/the-return-of-marxism |archive-date=12 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Marxism as a Science of Interpretation: Beyond Louis Althusser |journal=[[South African Journal of Philosophy]] |last=Lamola |first=M. John |volume=32 |issue=2 |year=2013 |pages=187–196 |doi=10.1080/02580136.2013.817635 |s2cid=144299487 |issn=0258-0136}}</ref> ''The Communist Horizon'',<ref name="jodi"/> published in 2012 by [[Jodi Dean]], marked the beginning in a series of books from Dean which argue for the necessity of communist and Leninist politics. The most wide-read of these was [[Mark Fisher|Mark Fisher's]] (2009) ''[[Capitalist Realism]].''<ref>{{cite web |last=Bastani |first=Aaron |author-link=Aaron Bastani |date=13 January 2023 |title=Is This the Most Important Book So Far This Century? |url=https://novaramedia.com/2023/01/13/is-this-the-most-important-book-so-far-this-century/ |access-date=24 May 2023 |publisher=[[Novara Media]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915232231/https://novaramedia.com/2023/01/13/is-this-the-most-important-book-so-far-this-century/ |archive-date=15 September 2023}}</ref> |
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''The Communist Necessity'',<ref>{{ |
''The Communist Necessity'',<ref>{{cite web |title=The Communist Necessity 2nd Ed. |url=https://leftwingbooks.net/en-us/products/the-communist-necessity-2nd-ed |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Leftwingbooks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924161443/https://leftwingbooks.net/en-us/products/the-communist-necessity-2nd-ed |archive-date=24 September 2023}}</ref> published in 2015 by [[J. Moufawad-Paul]], also argues for the necessity of the communist party in radical social change. ''[[Fully Automated Luxury Communism]]'', published in 2019, has helped normalise the term 'communist' within public discourse in the anglophone world.<ref>{{cite news |last=Merchant |first=Brian |date=18 March 2015 |title=Fully automated luxury communism |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/mar/18/fully-automated-luxury-communism-robots-employment |access-date=31 March 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411165646/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/mar/18/fully-automated-luxury-communism-robots-employment |archive-date=11 April 2023}}</ref> |
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2023 saw the publication of two significant books on the topic of communism: ''Marx in the Anthropocene'' by [[Kohei Saito]],<ref>{{ |
2023 saw the publication of two significant books on the topic of communism: ''Marx in the Anthropocene'' by [[Kohei Saito]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Saito |first=Kohei |author-link=Kohei Saito |year=2023 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/marx-in-the-anthropocene/D58765916F0CB624FCCBB61F50879376 |title=Marx in the Anthropocene: Towards the Idea of Degrowth Communism |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-84415-4 |location=Cambridge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203135211/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/marx-in-the-anthropocene/D58765916F0CB624FCCBB61F50879376 |archive-date=3 December 2023}}</ref> which developed a notion of a [[degrowth]] communism, and ''Communism and Strategy'' by [[Isabelle Garo]], which examines contemporary communist theorists in relation to [[Antonio Gramsci]] and [[Karl Marx]].<ref name="garo">{{cite book |last=Garo |first=Isabelle |author-link=Isabelle Garo |year=2023 |title=Communism and Strategy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dqCvEAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=9781839768231 |oclc=1371140528 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720171014/https://books.google.com/books?id=dqCvEAAAQBAJ |archive-date=20 July 2023}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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== Further reading == |
== Further reading == |
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* |
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Douzinas |editor1-first=C. |editor1-link=Costas Douzinas |editor2-last=Žižek |editor2-first=S. |editor2-link=Slavoj Žižek |date=December 2010 |title=The Idea of Communism |volume=1 |location=London |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=978-1-84467-459-6}} |
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* {{cite magazine |last=Harvey |first=Mark |title=The ide of communism - review |url=http://socialistreview.org.uk/355/idea-communism |date=February 2011 |magazine=Socialist Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230172809/http://socialistreview.org.uk/355/idea-communism |archive-date=30 December 2017}} |
* {{cite magazine |last=Harvey |first=Mark |title=The ide of communism - review |url=http://socialistreview.org.uk/355/idea-communism |date=February 2011 |magazine=Socialist Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230172809/http://socialistreview.org.uk/355/idea-communism |archive-date=30 December 2017}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Badiou |first=Alain |author-link=Alain Badiou |title=The Communist Hypothesis |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |date=13 July 2010 |edition=hardcover |isbn=978-1-84467-600-2}} |
* {{cite book |last=Badiou |first=Alain |author-link=Alain Badiou |title=The Communist Hypothesis |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |date=13 July 2010 |edition=hardcover |isbn=978-1-84467-600-2}} |
According to the political theorist Alan Johnson, there has been a revival of serious interest in communism in the 21st century led by Slavoj Žižek and Alain Badiou.[1][2]
In 2009, many of these advocates contributed to the three-day conference, "The Idea of Communism", in London that drew a substantial paying audience.[3] Journals such as Endnotes, Salvage, Ebb Magazine[4] Kites[5] and Historical Materialism launched with communist outlooks, as well as news outlets such as Novara Media.[6]
Furthermore, internet culture and declining life prospects[7] has led to a general rise amongst Millennials and Gen-Z in support for communism and socialism,[8] in tandem with the rise of left-populism in the US[9] and the UK.[10] Explicitly left-wing contemporary artists, such as filmmakers,[11] musicians,[12] video-game creators[13] and comedians[14][15] have received widespread attention, such as the rapper/producer JPEGMafia,[16] and a whole media-creator ecosystem has developed around the online left, known as BreadTube.[17]
Other non-Marxist thinkers who have also had an effect on the 'new communists' include the revolutionaries Subcomandante Marcos[39] and Abdullah Öcalan,[40] abolitionist Ruth Wilson Gilmore,[41] economist Frédéric Lordon,[42] architecture journalist Owen Hatherley[43] and the late anthropologist David Graeber.[19]
Whilst these theorists come from a broad range of traditions, included but not limited to the Black Radical Tradition, Eco-socialism, Maoism, Neo-Marxism, post-Marxism and Autonomist/Open Marxism, what they all tend to have in common is a critique of past socialist experiments, and a re-orientation of the revolutionary subject.[44]
Empire was a major turning stone in 21st-century Marxist and communist thought.[45]
Theoretical publications, some published by Verso Books, include The Idea of Communism, edited by Costas Douzinas and Žižek;[46][19] Badiou's The Communist Hypothesis; and Bosteels's The Actuality of Communism. The defining common ground is the contention that "the crises of contemporary liberal capitalist societies—ecological degradation, financial turmoil, the loss of trust in the political class, exploding inequality—are systemic; interlinked, not amenable to legislative reform, and requiring 'revolutionary' solutions".[1][46]
In the introduction to The Idea of Communism (2009), Žižek and Douzinas also identified four common premises among the thinkers in attendance:
A rise in Marxist thought followed the financial crisis of 2007–2008, with the publishing of books including G. A. Cohen's Why Not Socialism? (2009), Paul Paolucci's Marx's Scientific Dialectics (2009), Kieran Allen's Marx and the Alternative to Capitalism (2011), Terry Eagleton's Why Marx Was Right (2011) and Vincent Mosco's Marx Is Back (2012).[47][48][49] The Communist Horizon,[22] published in 2012 by Jodi Dean, marked the beginning in a series of books from Dean which argue for the necessity of communist and Leninist politics. The most wide-read of these was Mark Fisher's (2009) Capitalist Realism.[50]
The Communist Necessity,[51] published in 2015 by J. Moufawad-Paul, also argues for the necessity of the communist party in radical social change. Fully Automated Luxury Communism, published in 2019, has helped normalise the term 'communist' within public discourse in the anglophone world.[52]
2023 saw the publication of two significant books on the topic of communism: Marx in the AnthropocenebyKohei Saito,[53] which developed a notion of a degrowth communism, and Communism and StrategybyIsabelle Garo, which examines contemporary communist theorists in relation to Antonio Gramsci and Karl Marx.[54]
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