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[[File:Osawaike Daikakuji Kyoto 001 JPN.jpg|thumb|Daikaku-ji in Kyoto, overlooking the |
[[File:Osawaike Daikakuji Kyoto 001 JPN.jpg|thumb|Daikaku-ji in Kyoto, overlooking the Ōsawa Pond]] |
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[[File:Daigakuji.jpg|thumb|The ''Shikidai Genkan'' entrance to Daikaku-ji]] |
[[File:Daigakuji.jpg|thumb|The ''Shikidai Genkan'' entrance to Daikaku-ji]] |
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[[File:Kyoto Daikakuji Shoshinden C0701.jpg|thumb|The ''Shōshinden'' is a [[Azuchi-Momoyama period|Momoyama period]] building with a replica of the chambers where retired Emperor Go-Uda conducted cloistered rule]] |
[[File:Kyoto Daikakuji Shoshinden C0701.jpg|thumb|The ''Shōshinden'' is a [[Azuchi-Momoyama period|Momoyama period]] building with a replica of the chambers where retired Emperor Go-Uda conducted cloistered rule]] |
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[[File:Daikaku-ji Buddhist Temple - Miei-dô.jpg|thumb|The ''Miedō'' hall]] |
[[File:Daikaku-ji Buddhist Temple - Miei-dô.jpg|thumb|The ''Miedō'' hall]] |
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[[File:Daikakuji Shinkyoden.jpg|thumb|The '' |
[[File:Daikakuji Shinkyoden.jpg|thumb|The ''Shingyōden'' hall where the Heart Sutra is kept]] |
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{{nihongo|'''Daikaku-ji'''|大覚寺|''Daikaku-ji''}} is a [[Shingon Buddhism|Shingon Buddhist]] temple in [[Ukyō-ku, Kyoto|Ukyō-ku]], a western [[Wards of Japan|ward]] in the city of [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]]. The main images are of the [[Five Wisdom Kings]], centered on [[Acala|Fudō]]. It was a villa of [[Emperor Saga]] (785-842), and later, retired [[Emperor Go-Uda]] conducted his [[cloistered rule]] from here. The ''[[Saga Goryū]]'' school of [[ikebana]] has its headquarters in the temple. The artificial lake of the temple, Osawa pond, is one of the oldest [[Japanese garden]] ponds to survive from the [[Heian period]].<ref>Young and Young, ''The Art of the Japanese Garden'', pg. 72</ref> |
{{nihongo|'''Daikaku-ji'''|大覚寺|''Daikaku-ji''}} is a [[Shingon Buddhism|Shingon Buddhist]] temple in [[Ukyō-ku, Kyoto|Ukyō-ku]], a western [[Wards of Japan|ward]] in the city of [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]]. The main images are of the [[Five Wisdom Kings]], centered on [[Acala|Fudō]]. It was a villa of [[Emperor Saga]] (785-842), and later, retired [[Emperor Go-Uda]] conducted his [[cloistered rule]] from here. The ''[[Saga Goryū]]'' school of [[ikebana]] has its headquarters in the temple. The artificial lake of the temple, Osawa pond, is one of the oldest [[Japanese garden]] ponds to survive from the [[Heian period]].<ref>Young and Young, ''The Art of the Japanese Garden'', pg. 72</ref> |
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Daikaku-ji was founded in the early [[Heian period]].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869,'' p. 112.</ref> It was originally built as villa for the retirement of the [[Emperor Saga]].<ref>Young and Young, pg. 72</ref> |
Daikaku-ji was founded in the early [[Heian period]].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869,'' p. 112.</ref> It was originally built as villa for the retirement of the [[Emperor Saga]].<ref>Young and Young, pg. 72</ref> |
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According to tradition, when Japan suffered a serious epidemic, the Buddhist monk [[Kobo Daishi]], the founder of [[Shingon Buddhism]], suggested that the Emperor Saga personally copy an important Buddhist religious document called the Heart [[Sutra]] ('' |
According to tradition, when Japan suffered a serious epidemic, the Buddhist monk [[Kobo Daishi]], the founder of [[Shingon Buddhism]], suggested that the Emperor Saga personally copy an important Buddhist religious document called the Heart [[Sutra]] (''Hannya Shingyō''). The emperor made a handwritten copy, and the epidemic is said to have ended. The handwritten sutra is kept at the ''Shingyōden'' hall of the temple, and is displayed to the public once every sixty years, the next time being in 2018. Pilgrims still come to the temple to make copies of the sutra, which are kept in the temple with the original.<ref>Young and Young, pg. 72</ref> |
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The temple was established in 876, thirty-four years after the death of Emperor Saga, by his first daughter, Empress Masako, who gave it its name. It was a ''[[monzeki]]'' temple, that is, by tradition imperial princes were appointed abbot of the temple. |
The temple was established in 876, thirty-four years after the death of Emperor Saga, by his first daughter, Empress Masako, who gave it its name. It was a ''[[monzeki]]'' temple, that is, by tradition imperial princes were appointed abbot of the temple. |
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Over the years, it was the retirement home for several emperors. The original building was destroyed, but during the [[Edo Period]], [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo|Emperor Mizunoo II]] replaced it with a [[Momoyama Period]] temple building from the [[Kyoto Imperial Palace]]. The temple was placed in a graveled courtyard next to the pond. The sliding walls inside are decorated with paintings by artists of the [[Kano School]] of the Momoyama Period. |
Over the years, it was the retirement home for several emperors. The original building was destroyed, but during the [[Edo Period]], [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo|Emperor Mizunoo II]] replaced it with a [[Momoyama Period]] temple building from the [[Kyoto Imperial Palace]]. The temple was placed in a graveled courtyard next to the pond. The sliding walls inside are decorated with paintings by artists of the [[Kano School]] of the Momoyama Period. |
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The sliding door painting in the ''Okanmuri-no-ma'' room of the ''Shōshinden'' were painted by [[Kanō Sanraku]] and [[Shikō Watanabe]]. They feature peony trees and red and white plum blossoms. The hawk painted with Indian ink is a unique motif. The wooden beam above the doors has a painting of a hare. All these works of art are designated as [[Important Cultural Property (Japan)|Important Cultural Properties]]. |
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Other temple buildings include the Founders Hall (also moved from the Kyoto Imperial Palace) and the Hondo, or main hall.<ref>Young and Young, pg. 72-73</ref> |
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== Pond and garden== |
== Pond and garden== |
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[[File:Osawaike spring Kyoto 001 JPN.jpg|thumb|The |
[[File:Osawaike spring Kyoto 001 JPN.jpg|thumb|The Ōsawa Pond and surrounding garden date back to the Heian period]] |
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The |
The Ōsawa Pond is older than the temple itself. It is an artificial lake of 2.4 hectares that was created by Emperor Saga, either during his reign (809-823) or between his retirement from power and his death in 842. The pond is supposed to reflect the outlines of [[Dongting Lake]] in China, which has a special significance in Chinese culture. It was an imperial garden of the style known as ''chisen-shuyu'': a garden meant to be seen from a boat, similar to the Imperial [[Chinese garden]] of the period. The lake was created by damming a stream which came from the Nakoso waterfall. At the north end of the pond are two islands, one large and one small - the small island being known as Chrysanthmum Island. Between the two islands are several small rocky islets, meant to resemble Chinese junks at anchor. On a hillside north of the lake is what appears to be a dry cascade (''karedaki''), a kind of [[Japanese rock garden]] or zen garden, where a real waterfall is suggested by a composition of stones. |
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The pond is said to be the birthplace of the Saga school of ikebana. |
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The garden was celebrated in the poetry of the period. A poem by [[Ki no Tomonori]] in an anthology from the period, the ''[[Kokin Wakashū|Kokinshū]]'', described the ''Kiku-shima'', or island of chrysanthemums, found in the Osawa pond. |
The garden was celebrated in the poetry of the period. A poem by [[Ki no Tomonori]] in an anthology from the period, the ''[[Kokin Wakashū|Kokinshū]]'', described the ''Kiku-shima'', or island of chrysanthemums, found in the Osawa pond. |
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:of its name.<ref>Nitschke, ''Le Jardin Japonais'', pg. 42. Excerpts translated from French by DR Siefkin.</ref> |
:of its name.<ref>Nitschke, ''Le Jardin Japonais'', pg. 42. Excerpts translated from French by DR Siefkin.</ref> |
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The lake was created as a particularly good place for viewing the rising of the moon from boats. It also became, and remains, a popular place for viewing the cherry trees in bloom around the lake. A moon-viewing party is held in the garden every autumn for three days, around the date of the harvest moon; it features costumed dancers and musicians and dragon boats in the style of the Heian Period. Today the lake is a popular park for the residents of Kyoto. In addition to the garden around the lake, there is a large courtyard garden between the buildings of the temple. |
The lake was created as a particularly good place for viewing the rising of the moon from boats. It also became, and remains, a popular place for viewing the cherry trees in bloom around the lake. A moon-viewing party is held in the garden every autumn for three days, around the date of the harvest moon; it features costumed dancers and musicians and dragon boats in the style of the Heian Period. Today the lake is a popular park for the residents of Kyoto. In addition to the garden around the lake, there is a large courtyard garden between the buildings of the temple.<ref>Young and Young, pg. 72-73.</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Daikaku-ji (大覚寺, Daikaku-ji) is a Shingon Buddhist temple in Ukyō-ku, a western ward in the city of Kyoto, Japan. The main images are of the Five Wisdom Kings, centered on Fudō. It was a villa of Emperor Saga (785-842), and later, retired Emperor Go-Uda conducted his cloistered rule from here. The Saga Goryū school of ikebana has its headquarters in the temple. The artificial lake of the temple, Osawa pond, is one of the oldest Japanese garden ponds to survive from the Heian period.[1]
Daikaku-ji was founded in the early Heian period.[2] It was originally built as villa for the retirement of the Emperor Saga.[3]
According to tradition, when Japan suffered a serious epidemic, the Buddhist monk Kobo Daishi, the founder of Shingon Buddhism, suggested that the Emperor Saga personally copy an important Buddhist religious document called the Heart Sutra (Hannya Shingyō). The emperor made a handwritten copy, and the epidemic is said to have ended. The handwritten sutra is kept at the Shingyōden hall of the temple, and is displayed to the public once every sixty years, the next time being in 2018. Pilgrims still come to the temple to make copies of the sutra, which are kept in the temple with the original.[4]
The temple was established in 876, thirty-four years after the death of Emperor Saga, by his first daughter, Empress Masako, who gave it its name. It was a monzeki temple, that is, by tradition imperial princes were appointed abbot of the temple.
Over the years, it was the retirement home for several emperors. The original building was destroyed, but during the Edo Period, Emperor Mizunoo II replaced it with a Momoyama Period temple building from the Kyoto Imperial Palace. The temple was placed in a graveled courtyard next to the pond. The sliding walls inside are decorated with paintings by artists of the Kano School of the Momoyama Period.
The sliding door painting in the Okanmuri-no-ma room of the Shōshinden were painted by Kanō Sanraku and Shikō Watanabe. They feature peony trees and red and white plum blossoms. The hawk painted with Indian ink is a unique motif. The wooden beam above the doors has a painting of a hare. All these works of art are designated as Important Cultural Properties.
Other temple buildings include the Founders Hall (also moved from the Kyoto Imperial Palace) and the Hondo, or main hall.[5]
The Ōsawa Pond is older than the temple itself. It is an artificial lake of 2.4 hectares that was created by Emperor Saga, either during his reign (809-823) or between his retirement from power and his death in 842. The pond is supposed to reflect the outlines of Dongting Lake in China, which has a special significance in Chinese culture. It was an imperial garden of the style known as chisen-shuyu: a garden meant to be seen from a boat, similar to the Imperial Chinese garden of the period. The lake was created by damming a stream which came from the Nakoso waterfall. At the north end of the pond are two islands, one large and one small - the small island being known as Chrysanthmum Island. Between the two islands are several small rocky islets, meant to resemble Chinese junks at anchor. On a hillside north of the lake is what appears to be a dry cascade (karedaki), a kind of Japanese rock garden or zen garden, where a real waterfall is suggested by a composition of stones.
The pond is said to be the birthplace of the Saga school of ikebana.
The garden was celebrated in the poetry of the period. A poem by Ki no Tomonori in an anthology from the period, the Kokinshū, described the Kiku-shima, or island of chrysanthemums, found in the Osawa pond.
Another poem of the Heian period, in the Hyakunin isshu, described a cascade of rocks, which simulated a waterfall, in the same garden:
The lake was created as a particularly good place for viewing the rising of the moon from boats. It also became, and remains, a popular place for viewing the cherry trees in bloom around the lake. A moon-viewing party is held in the garden every autumn for three days, around the date of the harvest moon; it features costumed dancers and musicians and dragon boats in the style of the Heian Period. Today the lake is a popular park for the residents of Kyoto. In addition to the garden around the lake, there is a large courtyard garden between the buildings of the temple.[7]
35°01′42″N 135°40′40″E / 35.028314°N 135.677802°E / 35.028314; 135.677802
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