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Several countries have followed suit with their own official programmes of recognition for intangible cultural values and the people who embody them, including [[France]], [[Philippines]]{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}, [[Romania]]{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}, [[South Korea]] and [[Thailand]]{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}. |
Several countries have followed suit with their own official programmes of recognition for intangible cultural values and the people who embody them, including [[France]], [[Philippines]]{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}, [[Romania]]{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}, [[South Korea]] and [[Thailand]]{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}. |
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Through its [[Intangible Cultural Heritage]] section, [[UNESCO]] introduced guidelines for supporting such national living human treasure programmes.<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/src/00031-EN.pdf "Guidelines for the Establishment of National 'Living Human Treasures' Systems"], UNESCO, undated</ref> |
Through its [[Intangible Cultural Heritage]] section, [[UNESCO]] introduced definitions and guidelines for supporting such national living human treasure programmes.<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/src/00031-EN.pdf "Guidelines for the Establishment of National 'Living Human Treasures' Systems"], UNESCO, undated</ref> |
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== Definitions == |
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The member states at the UNESCO General Conference in October 2003 agreed to the [[Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage]]. The definitions of what a Living Human Treasure constitute are:<ref>http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/src/00031-EN.pdf</ref> |
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(i) Living Human Treasures are persons who possess to a very high degree the knowledge and skills required for performing or re‐creating specific elements of the intangible cultural heritage. Each Member State should choose an appropriate title to designate the bearers of knowledge and skills, the title of “Living Human Treasures” proposed by UNESCO being indicative. Among the systems in existence, there are already a variety of titles: Master of Art (France), Bearer of Popular Craft Tradition (Czech Republic), National Living Treasure (Republic of Korea), Holder of an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Japan and Republic of Korea). |
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(ii) Intangible cultural heritage, or living heritage, consists of practices and expressions, as well as the knowledge, skills and values associated therewith, that communities and groups recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This heritage is transmitted from generation to generation, for the most part orally. It is constantly recreated in response to changes in the social and cultural environment. It provides individuals, groups and communities with a sense of identity and continuity and constitutes a guarantee of sustainable development. |
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(iii) “Intangible cultural heritage” is manifested inter alia in the following domains, on the understanding that the expressions of intangible cultural heritage can simultaneously belong to several of these domains: |
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<br>“ (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) |
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oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage; |
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performing arts; |
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social practices, rituals and festive events; |
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knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe; |
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traditional craftsmanship.” (Article 2.2 of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage). |
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(iv) Safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage means: “measures aimed at ensuring the viability of the intangible cultural heritage, including the identification, documentation, research, preservation, protection, promotion, enhancement, transmission through formal and non‐formal education, as well as the revitalization of the various aspects of such heritage.” (Article 2.3) |
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== List of countries == |
== List of countries == |
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Living National TreasureorLiving Human Treasure is a title awarded in several countries, and denotes a person or a group which is regarded as a national treasure while still alive.
In 1950, the Government of Japan began to designate certain individuals or groups who embodied intangible national cultural values as living human treasures, just as places or things of great cultural value are designated as national treasures, thus becoming eligible for special protection and support.[1] Some of the ancient protected crafts are pottery, music, handmade paper, dolls, and swordmaking.
Several countries have followed suit with their own official programmes of recognition for intangible cultural values and the people who embody them, including France, Philippines[citation needed], Romania[citation needed], South Korea and Thailand[citation needed].
Through its Intangible Cultural Heritage section, UNESCO introduced definitions and guidelines for supporting such national living human treasure programmes.[2]
The member states at the UNESCO General Conference in October 2003 agreed to the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The definitions of what a Living Human Treasure constitute are:[3]
(i) Living Human Treasures are persons who possess to a very high degree the knowledge and skills required for performing or re‐creating specific elements of the intangible cultural heritage. Each Member State should choose an appropriate title to designate the bearers of knowledge and skills, the title of “Living Human Treasures” proposed by UNESCO being indicative. Among the systems in existence, there are already a variety of titles: Master of Art (France), Bearer of Popular Craft Tradition (Czech Republic), National Living Treasure (Republic of Korea), Holder of an Important Intangible Cultural Property (Japan and Republic of Korea).
(ii) Intangible cultural heritage, or living heritage, consists of practices and expressions, as well as the knowledge, skills and values associated therewith, that communities and groups recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This heritage is transmitted from generation to generation, for the most part orally. It is constantly recreated in response to changes in the social and cultural environment. It provides individuals, groups and communities with a sense of identity and continuity and constitutes a guarantee of sustainable development.
(iii) “Intangible cultural heritage” is manifested inter alia in the following domains, on the understanding that the expressions of intangible cultural heritage can simultaneously belong to several of these domains:
“ (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage;
performing arts;
social practices, rituals and festive events;
knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe;
traditional craftsmanship.” (Article 2.2 of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage).
(iv) Safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage means: “measures aimed at ensuring the viability of the intangible cultural heritage, including the identification, documentation, research, preservation, protection, promotion, enhancement, transmission through formal and non‐formal education, as well as the revitalization of the various aspects of such heritage.” (Article 2.3)
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