Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 History  



1.1  TCM-20  







2 Mountings  





3 Operation  





4 Gallery  





5 Operators  





6 See also  





7 Notes  





8 References  





9 External links  














M45 Quadmount






Deutsch
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Polski

 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 




In other projects  



Wikimedia Commons
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 

(Redirected from TCM-20)

M45 Quadmount
M45 on an M20 trailer in the Musée des Blindés
TypeAnti-aircraft gun
Heavy machine gun
Place of originUnited States
Service history
WarsWorld War II
First Indochina War
Korean War
Vietnam War
Portuguese Colonial War
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Nicaraguan Revolution
Specifications
Mass2,396 lb (1,087 kg)
Barrel length5 ft 3 in (1.6 m) L/50[1]

Shell.50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO)
Shell weight21 oz (.6 kg)
Caliber0.50 in (12.7 mm)
ActionShort recoil-operated
Elevation-5° to +90°
Traverse360°[1]
Rate of fire575 x 4 = 2,300 rpm
Muzzle velocity2,900 ft/s (890 m/s)
Effective firing range4,900 ft (1.5 km) (effective AA)
15,000 ft (4.5 km) (maximum AA)
Maximum firing range1.1 mi (1.8 km) (horizontal)
1.6 mi (2.5 km) (maximum)
Feed systemBelt-fed (M2 or M9 links)[1]

The M45 Quadmount was a towed anti-aircraft gun consisting of four .50 caliber M2 Browning machine guns mounted in pairs on either side of an armored open-top gunner's compartment with electrical laying. It was developed by the W. L. Maxson Corporation to replace the earlier M33 twin mount (also from Maxson).[2] Although designed as an anti-aircraft weapon, it was also used against ground targets, where it earned the nicknames "meat chopper" and "Krautmower".[2] Introduced in 1944, it saw service as late as the Vietnam War.

History[edit]

In order to develop a mobile anti-aircraft weapon, several 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) twin machine gun mounts were tested on the chassis of the M2 half-track including Bendix, Martin Aircraft Company, and Maxson. The Maxson M33 turret mount was preferred and—on the larger M3 half-track (T1E2)—was accepted for service in 1942 as the M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage. The mount was also used on the similar M5 half track as the M14 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage.[3][4][5]

Experimentally, the Quadmount was also tested in 1942 on a M3 Light Tank in place of the tank's turret but the project was terminated.[6]

Even as production of the two MGMC vehicles was underway, there was work to increase the firepower. Re-working the M33 to take four machine guns produced the M45 mounting.

The M45 Quadmount was the principal weapon (along with the 37mm gun) of highly mobile anti-aircraft artillery battalions deployed in the European Theater during World War II. These battalions provided invaluable air defense to much larger units, particularly field artillery. The M45 Quadmount units served as a very strong deterrent to strafing runs by enemy warplanes as, in addition to their gross firepower, its quartet of Browning M2HB "heavy barrel" .50 caliber guns were capable of being "tuned" to converge upon a single point at distances which could be reset while in use. Multiple-gun mounts were developed for the M2 Browning because the M2's rate of fire (450–550 rounds per minute) for a single gun was too low for anti-aircraft use.[2]

The M45 found use throughout the war as a land-based weapon, particularly during the Battle of the Bulge. Although the Allies achieved air supremacy by the invasion of Normandy in June 1944, German attack runs were still a threat. German Jabo fighter-bombers could approach and attack at low altitude and then quickly retreat to avoid Allied fighters. The Luftwaffe also mustered a large number of planes for Operation Bodenplatte that took place on New Year's Day 1945.

It was also tested by the US Navy as a solution for the Kamikaze attacks that started in late 1944. Two Essex class aircraft carriers received six mounts each for operational testing starting with CV-16 Lexington in May 1945. The guns were too light and ineffective against the high speeds that the diving Kamikaze aircraft possessed.[7]

The M45 Quadmount was ineffective against the new, fast-flying planes of the Jet Age. However, it was used against infantry targets in US post-war service. In Vietnam they were pressed into service to defend bases and to ride escort convoys along Viet Cong roads.[8]

The French Army also used M45s in combat. M45 Quad Mounts were placed in trucks to deal with ambushes and four M45s were used during the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.[9]

TCM-20[edit]

The TCM-20 was a postwar Israeli development of the M45 mount, equipped with two 20mm Hispano-Suiza HS.404 cannons in lieu of machine guns. In frontline Israeli service, it was replaced by the M163 Vulcan Air Defense System in the 1970s, but some reserve units still used TCM-20s into the 1980s. The weapon was also exported to several third-world countries.

Mountings[edit]

During World War II, the M45 turret was mounted on two specific systems; the M16 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage and the M51 Multiple Machine Gun Carriage. When mounted on the M20 trailer, it was known as the M55 Machine Gun Trailer Mount, but this system had not finished testing before the cessation of hostilities. M51s were withdrawn from service by the end of World War II in favor of the M55.

During the Korean War, the M55 and M16 saw extensive combat, and lessons learned in Korea led to the conversion of an additional 1200 M3 halftracks into the M16A1 variant by adding an M45 turret. These can be identified by the lack of fold-down armor and rear troop door on the crew compartment and were often fitted with the roller front bumper instead of the winch bumper fitted to all M16s. In 1954 an additional modification was made to roughly 700 M16 MGMCs, adding the rear troop door and bolting the fold-down armor in the up position. This modification became known as the M16A2 MGMC.

The M55 received a new, more powerful generator in the 1960s and served through the Vietnam War, usually mounted in the back of an M35 2.5 tonorM54 5-ton gun trucks.

Operation[edit]

The M45 is operated by two loaders and one gunner. The mount is capable of traversing a full 360 degrees around, with an angle elevation between -10 and +90 degrees. Traverse and elevation are electrically driven, powered by two rechargeable 6-volt batteries. All four guns could be fired at once, but standard practice was to alternate between firing the upper and lower pair of guns, allowing one pair to cool while the other was in use. This allowed for longer periods of action as overheating of the gun barrels was lessened.[2]

The "tombstone" model M2 ammunition chests held 200 rounds each—with one ammunition chest on an M45 system holding ten times as many rounds as each of the four twenty-round 20mm magazines of the German Flakvierling system held (and which, on the German ordnance system, had to be changed every six seconds on each gun of the quartet to ensure its own top 800 rpm "combined" firing rate), with each M2 ammo chest weighing 89 pounds each when full.[citation needed]

Gallery[edit]

Operators[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Anti-aircraft guns. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. p. 54. ISBN 0668038187. OCLC 2000222.
  • ^ a b c d Rottman, Gordon L., Browning .50-Caliber Machine Guns, Osprey Publishing (2010), ISBN 9781849083317, p. 19-20
  • ^ Zaloga, M3 Infantry Half Track, Osprey Publishing (2004) p. 38.
  • ^ Green (2000), p. 150.
  • ^ Chamberlain & Ellis (1969) British and American Tanks of World War II Arco Publishing. p191
  • ^ Chamberlain & Ellis (1969) p89-90
  • ^ "RAL - USS Lexington report on Service Experience with Six Caliber .50 Gun Mounts, Mark 31 Mod 0". Archived from the original on 2018-09-24. Retrieved 2017-08-17.
  • ^ Rottman, Gordon L. (20 Sep 2011). Vietnam Gun Trucks. New Vanguard 184. Osprey Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 9781849083553.
  • ^ a b "1° Groupe d'Artillerie Antiaérienne Coloniale d'Extrême-Orient - Wehrmacht-Awards.com Militaria Forums". Archived from the original on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
  • References[edit]

    Training Manuals

    M20 trailer

    M17 trailer

    External links[edit]


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M45_Quadmount&oldid=1225920304#TCM-20"

    Categories: 
    Anti-aircraft guns of the United States
    Cold War firearms of the United States
    Heavy machine guns
    Machine guns of the United States
    Salvo weapons
    World War II anti-aircraft guns
    World War II firearms of the United States
    Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1943
    United States Marine Corps equipment
    Hidden categories: 
    Articles with short description
    Short description is different from Wikidata
    Articles needing additional references from May 2014
    All articles needing additional references
    All articles with unsourced statements
    Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014
    Webarchive template wayback links
     



    This page was last edited on 27 May 2024, at 14:40 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki