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"Damiat" redirects here. For the Bulgarian wine grape also known as Damiat, see
Dimiat .
City in Egypt
Damietta's Corniche along the Nile . Amr ibn al-A'as Mosque (al-Fateh) Capture of Damietta by Frisian crusaders . A 1911 postcard: the City of Damietta on the Nile.
Damietta (Arabic : دمياط Dumyāṭ [domˈjɑːtˤ] Coptic : ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲁϯ , romanized: Tamiati port city and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt . It is located at the Damietta branch, an eastern distributary of the Nile Delta , 15 kilometres (9.3 mi ) from the Mediterranean Sea , and about 200 kilometres (120 mi ) north of Cairo . It was a Catholic bishopric and is a multiple titular see . It is also a member of the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities.
Etymology [ edit ]
(dmj mooring , port , town ") and -t al-Maqrizi suggested a Syriac etymology.[3]
History [ edit ]
Mentioned by the 6th-century geographer Stephanus of Byzantium ,[4] Tamíathis (Greek : Ταμίαθις Hellenistic period .[5]
Under the Rashid caliph Umar (579–644), the Arabs took the city and successfully resisted the attempts by the Byzantine Empire to recover it, especially in 739, 821, 921 and 968.[4] Abbasid Caliphate used Alexandria , Damietta, Aden and Siraf as entry ports to India and Tang China .[6] Tulunid and Fatimid periods. This led to several attacks by the Byzantine Empire , most notably the sack and destruction of the city in May 853.
Damietta was again important in the 12th and 13th centuries during the Crusades . In 1169, a fleet from the Kingdom of Jerusalem , with support from the Byzantine Empire , attacked the port , but the besiegers returned home without any success to capture the port, which was defended by Saladin .[7] [8]
During preparations for the Fifth Crusade in 1217, it was decided that Damietta should be the focus of attack. Control of Damietta meant control of the Nile, and from there the Crusaders believed they could conquer Egypt . From Egypt, they could then attack Ayyubid -ruled Palestine and recapture Jerusalem . After the siege of Damietta of 1218–19, the port was occupied by the Crusaders. The siege devastated the population of Damietta. After the crusaders captured Damietta in November 1219, they looted the city.[9]
Earlier that year, Francis of Assisi had arrived to negotiate with the Muslim ruler peaceably.[10] [11] [12]
Damietta was also the object of the Seventh Crusade , led by Louis IX of France . His fleet arrived there in 1249 and quickly captured the fort , which he refused to hand over to the nominal king of Jerusalem, to whom it had been promised during the Fifth Crusade.[13] [4]
Hearing that Louis was preparing a new crusade, the Mamluk sultan Baybars – given the importance of the city to the Crusaders – destroyed it in 1251 and rebuilt it with stronger fortifications a few kilometers from the Nile in the early 1260s, making the mouth of the Damietta branch impassable for ships.[4] [14]
Ecclesiastical history [ edit ]
Hellenistic Tamiathis became a Christian bishopric , a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Pelusium , the capital of the Roman province of Augustamnica Prima , to which Tamiathis belonged. Its bishop Heraclius took part in the Council of Ephesus in 431. Helpidius was a signatory of the decree of Patriarch Gennadius of Constantinople against simony in 459. Bassus was at the Second Council of Constantinople (553). In a letter from Patriarch Michael I of Alexandria read at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879) , mention is made of Zacharias of Tamiathis, who had attended a synod that Michael had convened in support of Photius . Later bishops too of Tamiathis are named in other documents.[15] [16]
In 1249, when Louis IX of France captured the city, it became for a short time the seat of a Latin Church bishop.[17]
The Latin bishopric, no longer residential, is today listed by the Catholic Church twice as a titular see under the names Tamiathis (Latin) and Damiata (Curiate Italian), each at time of episcopal or archiepiscopal rank, of the Latin and Melkite Catholic Churches,[18] Catholic Church , having been until the early 20th century an important centre for that church.[4]
Titular Latin see [ edit ]
The diocese was nominally restored in the 17th century when established as Latin titular archbishopric of Damietta of the Romans (Latin : Tamiathis or Tomiathianus Romanorum Italian : Damiata in Curiate ) and had the following incumbents of the intermediary archiepiscopal rank :
Demoted in 1925 as Titular bishopric, it has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents, all of the episcopal (lowest) rank:
Guglielmo Grassi (1937.01.13 – 1954.09.14)
Eugenio Beitia Aldazabal (1954.10.30 – 1962.01.27)
Marco Caliaro, Scalabrinians (C.S.) (1962.02.10 – 1962.05.23)
Antonio Cece (1962.08.06 – 1966.03.31)
Titular Melkite see [ edit ]
Established in 1900 as titular bishopric of Damietta of the Melkite Greeks (Latin : Tamiathis or Tomiathianus Graecorum Melkitarum Italian : Damiata ), it was suppressed in 1935, after a single incumbent of this episcopal (lowest) rank:
Titular Bishop Paul-Raphaël Abi-Mourad (1900.07.02 – 1935.08.08)
Restored in 1961 as Titular archbishopric, it has had the following incumbents of the archiepiscopal (intermediary) rank:
Titular Archbishop Antonio Farage (1961.03.07 – 1963.11.09)
Titular Archbishop Nicolas Hajj (1965.07.30 – 1984.11.03)
Titular Archbishop Joseph Jules Zerey (2001.06.22 – ... ), protosyncellus of Jerusalem of the Greek-Melkites (Palestine)
Climate [ edit ]
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), but blowing winds from the Mediterranean Sea greatly moderate the temperatures, typical to the Egypt's north coast , making its summers moderately hot and humid while its winters mild and moderately wet where sleet and hail are also common.
Port Said , Kosseir , Ras El Bar , Baltim , Damietta and Alexandria have the least temperature variation in Egypt .
Climate data for Damietta, Egypt
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
17.2
18.1
19.9
23.2
27.3
28.8
29.9
30.3
28.9
27.3
23.8
19.2
24.5
Daily mean °C (°F)
13.2
13.8
15.4
18.4
22.2
24.2
25.9
26.3
24.8
23.3
19.8
15.2
20.2
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
9.2
9.6
11.0
13.6
17.1
19.7
22.0
22.3
20.7
19.3
15.8
11.3
16.0
Average precipitation mm (inches)
26 18 13 5 2 0
0
0
0
7 15 25 111
Source: climate-data.org [19]
Economy [ edit ]
Damietta is very famous for its furniture industry. In addition to the Egyptian market, its furniture is sold in Arab countries, Africa, Europe, the United States, and almost all over the world.
Today, there is a canal connecting it to the Nile , which has made it an important port once again. Containers are transported through the new Damietta Port . The Damietta governorate has a population of about 1,093,580 (2006). It contains the SEGAS LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) plant,[20] Unión Fenosa (40%), Italian oil company Eni (40%) and the Egyptian companies EGAS and EGPC (10% each).[21] [update] Methanex Corporation , a Canadian owned company, was building a 3600 MTPD methanol plant. Damietta also has a woodworking industry and is also noted for its White Domiati cheese and other dairy products[22] Pâtisserie and Egyptian desserts . It is also a fishing port.
Main sights [ edit ]
Mosques
Amr ibn al-As Mosque (Damietta) , the second mosque to be built in Egypt and Africa by the Arabs after entering Egypt. It was twice converted to a church during the city's occupation by the Crusaders. Louis IX of France 's son, John Tristan , was baptized by a legate of the pope in this mosque.
Al-Bahr Mosque, dating to the Ottoman rule era.
Al-Hadidy Mosque in Faraskour, 200 years old.
Al-Maainy Mosque, dating to the reign of al-Naser Mohammed ibn Qalawon .
Al-Matbuly Mosque, dating to the Mamluk era.
Al-Radwaniya Mosque, dating to the Mamluk era.
Other
Urabi fort (Tabiet Orabi) in Ezbet al-Borg
Tabiet Ahmed Urabi, ruins of Damietta Fort at Ezbet El-Borg .
The Old Bridge (el-Kōbrī el-Qadīm
Souk al-Hesba, the old city centre, dating to the Abbasid rule era.
Notable people [ edit ]
Kamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Damiri , (1344–1405), writer on canon law and natural history[23]
Refaat Al-Gammal (Raafat el-Haggan), Egyptian spy
Professor Aisha Abd al-Rahman (Bent Al Shatea), journalist and Muslim philosopher
Latifa al-Zayyat , activist and writer
Professor Abdel Rahman Badawi , professor of philosophy
St. Sidhom Bishay , Coptic martyr
Rifaat El-Fanagily , football player
Mohamed Fahim ElGindy , who established and developed the furniture industry during 20th century in Damietta
Rifaat el-Mahgoub , former Head of the Egyptian Parliament and a member of the ruling National Democratic Party
Besheer El-Tabei , football player
Mohammed Hassan El-Zayyat , former minister of foreign affairs.
Farag Foda , secular writer shot to death in his office on 8 June 1992 by two Islamic fundamentalists from the Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya group.
Zahi Hawass , Egyptologist
Yusuf Idris , writer and psychiatrist
Zaki Naguib Mahmoud , writer and philosopher
Ali Moustafa Mosharafa , physicist and contributor to the theory of relativity
Farouk Shousha , poet; previously head of Egyptian Radio (El Soaraa village)
Essam El Hadary , football player
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ Peust, Carsten (2010). Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten . p. 38.
^ a b c d e Siméon Vailhé, "Damietta" in The Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1908)
^ Smith, Sir William (1857). Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ Donkin, Robin A (2003). Between East and West: The Moluccas and the Traffic in Spices Up to the Arrival of Europeans . Diane Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87169-248-1
^ Dillon, Charles Raymond (30 April 2005). Templar Knights And the Crusades ISBN 978-0-595-34946-3 . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ Claster, Jill N. (1 October 2009). Sacred Violence: The European Crusades to the Middle East, 1095-1396 ISBN 978-1-4426-0060-7 . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ Bradbury, Jim (1992). The Medieval Siege . Boydell Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-85115-357-5
^ Bradbury, Jim (1992). The Medieval Siege ISBN 978-0-85115-357-5 . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ Armstrong, Regis J.; Hellmann, J. A. Wayne; Short, William J. (1 April 2000). Francis of Assisi: Early Documents ISBN 978-1-56548-112-1 . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ Vauchez, André; Dobson, Richard Barrie; Lapidge, Michael (2000). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages ISBN 978-1-57958-282-1 . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ Russell, William (1837). The History of Modern Europe: with an Account of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: And a View of the Progress of Society from the Rise of the Modern Kingdoms to the Peace of Paris, in 1763; in a Series of Letters from a Nobleman to His Son 280 . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ Houtsma, M. Th (31 December 1987). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 ISBN 978-90-04-08265-6 . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus
^ Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico ecclesiastica , Vol. 72 (Venice 1855), p. 236
^ MESSYNESSY (15 March 2019). "Paris or Egypt? 100 Years Ago, It Was Hard to Tell the Difference" . Messy Nessy Cabinet of Chic Curiosities. Retrieved 22 February 2022 .
^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1 ), p. 879
^ "Climate: Dumiat - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table" . climate-data.org. Retrieved 13 August 2013 .
^ MEED . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ The Petroleum Economist 20 . Retrieved 30 May 2012 .
^ "Halayeb" . eArabic Market . Retrieved 17 December 2016 .
^ "Islamic Medical Manuscripts: Bio-Bibliographies - B, C, and D" . nih.gov .
External links [ edit ]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Damietta .
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Cairo Governorate
Cairo
Giza Governorate
Giza 6th of October City , Sheikh Zayed City , El Hawamdeya , El Badrashein , El Saff , Atfih , El Ayyat , Bawiti , Manshiyat al Qanater , Awsim , Kerdasa , Abu El Numrus
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Benha Qalyub , Shubra El Kheima , El Qanater El Khayreya , Khanka , Kafr Shukr , Toukh , Qaha , Obour City , Khusus , Shibin El Qanater , Saryaqos , El Kulzom
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Alexandria Borg El Arab , New Borg El Arab
Beheira Governorate
Damanhur Kafr El Dawwar , Rosetta , Edku , Abu El Matamir , Abu Hummus , El Delengat , El Mahmoudiyah , El Rahmaniya , Itay El Barud , Hosh Issa , Shubra Khit , Koum Hamada , Badr , Wadi El Natrun , New Nubariya
Matrouh Governorate
Mersa Matruh El Hamam , El Alamein , El Dabaa , El Negaila , Sidi Barrani , Sallum , Siwa Oasis
Damietta Governorate
Damietta New Damietta , Ras El Bar , Faraskur , Kafr Saad , El Zarqa , Assarw , Arrawda , Kafr El Battikh , Ezbet El Borg , Mit Abu Ghaleb
Dakahlia Governorate
Mansoura Talkha , Mit Ghamr , Dekernes , Aga , Minyat An-Nasr , El Senbellawein , El Kurdi , Bani Ebaid , El Manzala , Temay El Amdeed , El Gammalia , Sherbin , El Matareya, Dakahlia , Belqas , Mit Salsil , Gamasa , Mahallat Damana , Nabaruh
Kafr El Sheikh Governorate
Kafr El Sheikh Desouk , Fuwwah , Metoubes , Baltim , El Hamool , Biyala , El Reyad , Sidi Salem , Qallin , Sidi Ghazi , Borg El Burulus
Gharbia Governorate
Tanta El Mahalla El Kubra , Kafr Az-Zayyat , Zefta , El Santa , Qutur , Basyoun , Sebennytos
Monufia Governorate
Shibin El Kom Sadat (city) , Menouf , Sirs Al-Layyan , Ashmoun , El Bagour , Quesna , Birket El Sab , Tala , Shuhada
Sharqia Governorate
Zagazig 10th of Ramadan (city) , Minya El Qamh , Bilbeis , Mashtool El Souk , Al-Qinayat , Abu Hammad , El Qurein , Hihya , Abu Kebir , Faqous , El Salheya El Gedida , El Ibrahimiya , Diyarb Negm , Kafr Saqr , Awlad Saqr , El Husseiniya , Tanis , Minshat Abu Omar , Qantir
Port Said Governorate
Port Said Port Fuad
Ismailia Governorate
Ismailia Fayed , El Qantara , Tell El Kebir , Abu Suwir , Kassassin
Suez Governorate
Suez
North Sinai Governorate
Arish Sheikh Zuweid , Rafah , Bir al-Abd , El Hasana , Nekhel
South Sinai Governorate
El Tor Sharm El Sheikh , Dahab , Nuweiba , Taba , Saint Catherine , Abou Redis , Abu Zenima , Ras Sedr
Beni Suef Governorate
Beni Suef New Beni Suef , Al Wasta , Nasser , Heracleopolis Magna , Biba , Sumusta , El Fashn
Faiyum Governorate
Faiyum New Faiyum , Tamiya , Sinnuris , Itsa , Ibsheway , Yousef El Seddik
Minya Governorate
Minya New Minya , El Idwa , Maghagha , Beni Mazar , Matai , Samalut , Mallawi , Dir Mawas , Aba al-Waqf , Dir Mawas , Dalga , Bahnasa , Idmo , Tuna el-Gebel , Al Madinah Al Fikriyyah
Asyut Governorate
Asyut New Asyut , Dairut , Dayrut al-Sharif , Manfalut , El Quseyya , Abnub , Abu Tig , El Ghanayem , Sahel Selim , El Badari , Sidfa , Manqabad , Musha
New Valley Governorate
El Kharga Baris , Mut , Farafra , Balat , Abu Minqar
Red Sea Governorate
Hurghada Ras Ghareb , Safaga , El Qoseir , Marsa Alam , Shalateen , Halayeb
Sohag Governorate
Sohag New Sohag , Akhmim , New Akhmim , El Balyana , El Maragha , Ptolemais Hermiou , Dar El Salam , Girga , West Juhayna , Saqultah , Tima , Tahta
Qena Governorate
Qena New Qena , Abu Tesht , Nag Hammadi , Dishna , El Waqf , Qift , Naqada , Qus , Farshut , Shaarani
Luxor Governorate
Luxor New Luxor , New Thebes , Zainiya , Bayadiya , Kurna , Armant , El-Tod , Esna , Medamud
Aswan Governorate
Aswan New Aswan , Daraw , Kom Ombo , Nasr Al-Nuba , Kalabsha , Edfu , Radisia , Busylia , Sebaiya , Abu Simbel
Capital cities are in bold font.
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Governorate (capital)
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1,000,000 and more
300,000–999,999
100,000–299,999
<99,999
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National
Geographic
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damietta&oldid=1233372066#History " C a t e g o r i e s : ● D a m i e t t a ● G o v e r n o r a t e c a p i t a l s i n E g y p t ● M e d i e v a l c i t i e s o f E g y p t ● P o p u l a t e d p l a c e s i n D a m i e t t a G o v e r n o r a t e ● P o p u l a t e d c o a s t a l p l a c e s i n E g y p t ● C r u s a d e p l a c e s ● N i l e D e l t a ● P o r t c i t i e s o f t h e M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a ● P o p u l a t e d p l a c e s e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e 6 t h c e n t u r y H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● P a g e s u s i n g g a d g e t W i k i M i n i A t l a s ● P a g e s u s i n g t h e W i k i H i e r o e x t e n s i o n ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g A r a b i c - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g C o p t i c - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● C o o r d i n a t e s o n W i k i d a t a ● P a g e s w i t h E g y p t i a n A r a b i c I P A ● P a g e s w i t h u n d e t e r m i n e d I P A ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g A n c i e n t G r e e k ( t o 1 4 5 3 ) - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g L a t i n - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g I t a l i a n - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g p o t e n t i a l l y d a t e d s t a t e m e n t s f r o m 2 0 1 0 ● A l l a r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g p o t e n t i a l l y d a t e d s t a t e m e n t s ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h V I A F i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h G N D i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L C C N i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h P l e i a d e s i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 8 J u l y 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 8 : 5 4 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
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