Title caseorheadline case is a style of capitalization used for rendering the titles of published works or works of art in English. When using title case, all words are capitalized, except for minor words (typically articles, short prepositions, and some conjunctions) that are not the first or last word of the title. There are different rules for which words are major, hence capitalized.
As an example, a headline might be written like this: "The Quick Brown Fox Jumps over the Lazy Dog".
The rules of title case are not universally standardized. The standardization is only at the level of house styles and individual style guides. Most English style guides agree that the first and last words should always be capitalized, whereas articles, short prepositions, and some conjunctions should not be. Other rules about the capitalization vary.[1]
Intext processing, title case usually involves the capitalization of all words irrespective of their part of speech. This simplified variant of title case is also known as start caseorinitial caps.
Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading.
Capitalize all major words (nouns, verbs including phrasal verbs such as "play with", adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns) in the title/heading, including the second part of hyphenated major words (e.g., Self-Report not Self-report).
Lowercase the second word after a hyphenated prefix (e.g., Mid-, Anti-, Super-, etc.) in compound modifiers (e.g., Mid-year, Anti-hero, etc.).
Do not capitalize articles, prepositions (regardless of length), and coordinating conjunctions.
Do not capitalize "to" in infinitives (e.g., I Want to Play Guitar).
Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading
Capitalize all major words (nouns, verbs including phrasal verbs such as "play with", adjectives, adverbs, and pronouns) in the title/heading, including the second part of hyphenated major words (e.g., Self-Report not Self-report)
Capitalize all words of four letters or more.
Lowercase the second word after a hyphenated prefix (e.g., Mid-, Anti-, Super-, etc.) in compound modifiers (e.g., Mid-year, Anti-hero, etc.).
American Medical Association (AMA) Manual of Style Capitalization Rules
The use of title case or sentence case in the references of scholarly publications is determined by the used citation style and can differ from the usage in title or headings. For example, APA Style uses sentence case for the title of the cited work in the list of references, but it uses title case for the title of the current publication (or for the title of a publication if it is mentioned in the text instead). Moreover, it uses title case for the title of periodicals even in the references.[7] Other citation styles like Chicago Manual of Style are using title case also for the title of cited works in the list of references.[8]
