Isocolon is a rhetorical scheme in which parallel elements possess the same number of words or syllables. As in any form of parallelism, the pairs or series must enumerate like things to achieve symmetry.[1] The scheme is called bicolon, tricolon, or tetracolon depending on whether they are two, three, or four parallel elements.[2]
The term, a compound of ἴσοςísos 'equal' and κῶλονkôlon 'member, clause' was used in the classical Greek rhetorical literature:
...εἶδος δὲ τοῦ παρομοίου τὸ ἰσόκωλον, ἐπὰν ἴσας ἔχῃ τὰ κῶλα τὰς συλλαωάς...
Under the heading of symmetry of members comes equality of members, which occurs when the members contain an equal number of syllables...
An example of bicolon is the advertising slogan "buy one, get one free" (you pay for one item but you get another free).[2]
InBiblical poetry it is standard to see a pair of adjacent lines of poetry in which the second echoes the meaning of the first.[5] This can be considered a bicolon.[5][need quotation to verify] For example:
When Israel went out of Egypt, * the house of Jacob from a barbarous people:
Judea made his sanctuary, * Israel his dominion.
The sea saw and fled: * Jordan was turned back.
The mountains skipped like rams, * and the hills like the lambs of the flock.
What ailed thee, O thou sea, that thou didst flee: * and thou, O Jordan, that thou wast turned back?
Ye mountains, that ye skipped like rams, * and ye hills, like lambs of the flock?
At the presence of the Lord the earth was moved, * at the presence of the God of Jacob:
Who turned the rock into pools of water, * and the stony hill into fountains of waters.
A tricolon that comprises parts in increasing size, magnitude or intensity is called a tricolon crescens, or an ascending tricolon.[7] Tricolon can sometimes be a hendiatris.
Similarly, tricolon that comprises parts that decrease in size, magnitude, intensity, or word length is called a tricolon diminuens, or a descending tricolon.
Winston Churchill used the tricolon frequently, as in his June 1941 speech regarding the German invasion of the Soviet Union, when he stated "It is a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged without distinction of race, creed or party."[10]
Repeating the same thing multiple times is a special case of an isocolon, as a way of saying that only one thing is important, and it is very important. In about 1500, when Louis XII asked Giangiacopo Trivulzio what was necessary to win the war against Ludovico Sforza, Trivulzio answered: "Three things, Sire, Money, money, money!"[11] In the 20th century, the cliché "Location, location, location" was said to enumerate the three most important attributes of real property. This phrase appears in print in Chicago as early as 1926,[12] but is nonetheless frequently credited, incorrectly, to the British real estate magnate Lord Harold Samuel.[13][14] British Prime Minister Tony Blair set out his priorities for office in 1997 with "Education, education, education".[15]
Era calcina grossa, e poi era terra cotta, e poi pareva bronzo, e ora è cosa viva.
("It was raw mortar, and then it was terra cotta, and then it seemed like bronze, and now it is a living thing.")
I’ll give my jewels for a set of beads, My gorgeous palace for a hermitage, My gay apparel for an almsman’s gown, My figured goblets for a dish of wood.
A special type of collocation known as an irreversible binomial is a bicolon that is both short and so well known that it becomes a fixed expression. Not all irreversible binomials are bicolons or tricolons, however. Irreversible binomials generally consist of only a few words at most.
Examples of irreversible binomials that are bicolons or tricolons:
