カルパイン(calpain, EC 3.4.22.52, EC 3.4.22.53)は、カルシウム依存的非リソソームシステインプロテアーゼファミリーに属するタンパク質である。哺乳類や他の多くの生物種で普遍的に発現している。カルパインはMEROPSデータベースにおいてclan CAのfamily C2を構成する。カルパインのタンパク質分解システムはカルパインプロテアーゼ、調節サブユニットCAPNS (CAPN4)、そして内在性のカルパイン特異的阻害因子であるカルパスタチンによって構成される。

カルパイン
カルパインIIのペプチダーゼコア領域の結晶構造PDB: 1MDW
識別子
略号 Calpain
Pfam PF00648
Pfam clan CL0125
InterPro IPR001300
SMART CysPc
PROSITE PDOC50203
MEROPS C2
SCOP 1mdw
SUPERFAMILY 1mdw
利用可能な蛋白質構造:
Pfam structures
PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum structure summary
PDB 1tl9​ A:55-354; 1kxr​ B:55-354; 1tlo​ A:55-354; 2ary​ B:55-354; 1zcm​ A:55-353; 1mdw​ B:45-344; 1u5i​ A:45-344; 1kfx​ L:45-344; 1kfu​ L:45-344; 1ziv​ A:42-337
テンプレートを表示
calpain-2
識別子
EC番号 3.4.22.53
CAS登録番号 702693-80-9
データベース
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB構造 RCSB PDB PDBj PDBe PDBsum
検索
PMC articles
PubMed articles
NCBI proteins
テンプレートを表示

発見

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1964[1][2]pH調cal--pain[3][4] μ-calpain  m-calpain calpain I II2 μMmM[2]

2(28k) (CAPNS1/CAPN4)  (80k) 12CAPN1CAPN2

切断特異性

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P2N2P1N[5](EDANS)-Glu-Pro-Leu-Phe-Ala-Glu-Arg-Lys-(DABCYL) Phe-Ala

カルパインファミリー

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12[6][7][8]m-MEROPSC2type peptidase
遺伝子 タンパク質 別名 発現組織 疾患との関連
CAPN1 Calpain 1 Calpain-1 large subunit,

μ-calpain

普遍的
CAPN2 Calpain 2 Calpain-2 large subunit,

m-calpain

普遍的
CAPN3 Calpain 3 骨格筋網膜水晶体に特異的 肢帯型筋ジストロフィー(limb girdle muscular dystrophy) 2A
CAPN5 Calpain 5 普遍的(結腸小腸精巣に高発現) 壊死に関与の可能性(C. elegansの壊死遺伝子tra-3のオルソログ)
CAPN6 Calpain 6 CAPNX, Calpamodulin
CAPN7 Calpain 7 palBH 普遍的
CAPN8 Calpain 8 胃粘膜消化管のみに発現 結腸ポリープの形成に関与の可能性
CAPN9 Calpain 9 胃粘膜、消化管のみに発現 結腸ポリープの形成に関与の可能性
CAPN10 Calpain 10 II型糖尿病に対する感受性遺伝子
CAPN11 Calpain 11 精巣
CAPN12 Calpain 12 普遍的だが、毛包に高発現
CAPN13 Calpain 13 精巣、
CAPN14 Calpain 14 普遍的
CAPN17 Calpain 17 魚類両生類のみに存在
SOLH Calpain 15 Sol H (homolog of the drosophila gene sol)
CAPNS1 Calpain small subunit 1 Calpain 4
CAPNS2 Calpain small subunit 2

機能

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[9][10][11][12]

[13]調[14][15]

CAPNS1[16]

μ-m-[17] [18]

臨床的重要性

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カルパインの関与する病理

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213 (p94)2A (limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2A) [19][20]10II尿9[21]  ( (ischemic cascade) )(diffuse axonal injury) [22][23][17]

(axonal stretch injury)[24] 



[16]

治療薬としてのカルパイン阻害剤

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調 AK275 MDL28170 PD150606[25]SJA6017[26] ABT-705253[27][28]SNJ-1945[29]

1[30]"resculpting"[30]

出典

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  1. ^ Guroff, G. (1964-1). “A NEUTRAL, CALCIUM-ACTIVATED PROTEINASE FROM THE SOLUBLE FRACTION OF RAT BRAIN”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 239: 149–155. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 14114836. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14114836. 
  2. ^ a b Sorimachi, Hiroyuki; Hata, Shoji; Ono, Yasuko (2010). “Expanding members and roles of the calpain superfamily and their genetically modified animals”. Experimental Animals 59 (5): 549–566. ISSN 1881-7122. PMID 21030783. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030783. 
  3. ^ Murachi, T.; Tanaka, K.; Hatanaka, M.; Murakami, T. (1980). “Intracellular Ca2+-dependent protease (calpain) and its high-molecular-weight endogenous inhibitor (calpastatin)”. Advances in Enzyme Regulation 19: 407–424. ISSN 0065-2571. PMID 6278869. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6278869. 
  4. ^ “Evolutionary origin of a calcium-dependent protease by fusion of genes for a thiol protease and a calcium-binding protein?”. Nature 312 (5994): 566–70. (1984). doi:10.1038/312566a0. PMID 6095110. 
  5. ^ “Determination of peptide substrate specificity for mu-calpain by a peptide library-based approach: the importance of primed side interactions”. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (49): 40632–41. (December 2005). doi:10.1074/jbc.M506870200. PMID 16216885. 
  6. ^ Thompson V (2002年2月12日). “Calpain Nomenclature”. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at the University of Arizona. 2010年8月6日閲覧。
  7. ^ “The calpain family and human disease”. Trends Mol Med 7 (8): 355–62. (August 2001). doi:10.1016/S1471-4914(01)02049-4. PMID 11516996. 
  8. ^ “Structure, activation, and biology of calpain”. Diabetes. 53 Suppl 1: S12–8. (February 2004). doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.2007.s12. PMID 14749260. 
  9. ^ Glading, Angela; Lauffenburger, Douglas A.; Wells, Alan (2002-1). “Cutting to the chase: calpain proteases in cell motility”. Trends in Cell Biology 12 (1): 46–54. ISSN 0962-8924. PMID 11854009. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11854009. 
  10. ^ Choi, Y. H.; Lee, S. J.; Nguyen, P.; Jang, J. S.; Lee, J.; Wu, M. L.; Takano, E.; Maki, M. et al. (1997-11-07). “Regulation of cyclin D1 by calpain protease”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (45): 28479–28484. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9353308. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9353308. 
  11. ^ Baudry, Michel; Chou, Maggie M.; Bi, Xiaoning (2013-5). “Targeting calpain in synaptic plasticity”. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 17 (5): 579–592. doi:10.1517/14728222.2013.766169. ISSN 1744-7631. PMC 4154356. PMID 23379852. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23379852. 
  12. ^ Kwak, K. B.; Kambayashi, J.; Kang, M. S.; Ha, D. B.; Chung, C. H. (1993-05-24). “Cell-penetrating inhibitors of calpain block both membrane fusion and filamin cleavage in chick embryonic myoblasts”. FEBS letters 323 (1-2): 151–154. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 8495729. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8495729. 
  13. ^ Kuchay, Shafi M.; Chishti, Athar H. (2007-5). “Calpain-mediated regulation of platelet signaling pathways”. Current Opinion in Hematology 14 (3): 249–254. doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3280ef68f8. ISSN 1065-6251. PMC 3959858. PMID 17414215. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17414215. 
  14. ^ Nagayoshi, Taikai; Isoda, Kiichiro; Mamiya, Nori; Kida, Satoshi (2017-12-19). “Hippocampal calpain is required for the consolidation and reconsolidation but not extinction of contextual fear memory”. Molecular Brain 10 (1): 61. doi:10.1186/s13041-017-0341-8. ISSN 1756-6606. PMC 5735908. PMID 29258546. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29258546. 
  15. ^ Wang, K. K. (2000-1). “Calpain and caspase: can you tell the difference?”. Trends in Neurosciences 23 (1): 20–26. ISSN 0166-2236. PMID 10631785. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10631785. 
  16. ^ a b “Altered expression of platelet proteins and calpain activity mediate hypoxia-induced prothrombotic phenotype.”. Blood 123: 1250–60. (Feb 2014). doi:10.1182/blood-2013-05-501924. PMID 24297866. 
  17. ^ a b “Chapter 1: Overview of basic mechanisms underlying neuropathological consequences of head trauma”. Head trauma: basic, preclinical, and clinical directions. New York: Wiley-Liss. (2000). ISBN 0-471-36015-5 
  18. ^ “Role of calcium-activated neutral protease (calpain) with diet and exercise”. Can J Appl Physiol 21 (5): 328–46. (October 1996). doi:10.1139/h96-029. PMID 8905185. 
  19. ^ “Mutations in the proteolytic enzyme calpain 3 cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A”. Cell 81 (1): 27–40. (April 1995). doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90368-2. PMID 7720071. 
  20. ^ “Functional defects of a muscle-specific calpain, p94, caused by mutations associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A”. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (27): 17073–8. (July 1998). doi:10.1074/jbc.273.27.17073. PMID 9642272. 
  21. ^ Yamashima T (2013). “Reconsider Alzheimer's disease by the 'calpain-cathepsin hypothesis'--a perspective review”. PROGRESS IN NEUROLOGY 105: 1–23. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.02.004. PMID 23499711. 
  22. ^ “Calpain in the CNS: from synaptic function to neurotoxicity”. Sci Signal. 1 (14): re 1. (April 2008). doi:10.1126/stke.114re1. PMID 18398107. 
  23. ^ “Ca2+-dependent mechanisms of cell injury in cultured cortical neurons”. Neuroscience 86 (4): 1133–44. (October 1998). doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00070-0. PMID 9697120. 
  24. ^ “Traumatic axonal injury induces proteolytic cleavage of the voltage-gated sodium channels modulated by tetrodotoxin and protease inhibitors”. J. Neurosci. 24 (19): 4605–13. (May 2004). doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0515-03.2004. PMID 15140932. 
  25. ^ “An alpha-mercaptoacrylic acid derivative is a selective nonpeptide cell-permeable calpain inhibitor and is neuroprotective”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (13): 6687–92. (June 1996). doi:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6687. PMC 39087. PMID 8692879. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC39087/. 
  26. ^ “The novel calpain inhibitor SJA6017 improves functional outcome after delayed administration in a mouse model of diffuse brain injury”. J. Neurotrauma 18 (11): 1229–40. (November 2001). doi:10.1089/089771501317095269. PMID 11721741. 
  27. ^ “Benzoylalanine-derived ketoamides carrying vinylbenzyl amino residues: discovery of potent water-soluble calpain inhibitors with oral bioavailability”. J. Med. Chem. 46 (12): 2404–12. (June 2003). doi:10.1021/jm0210717. PMID 12773044. 
  28. ^ “Inhibition of calpain prevents NMDA-induced cell death and beta-amyloid-induced synaptic dysfunction in hippocampal slice cultures”. Br. J. Pharmacol. 159 (7): 1523–31. (April 2010). doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00652.x. PMC 2850408. PMID 20233208. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2850408/. 
  29. ^ “A novel calpain inhibitor, ((1S)-1((((1S)-1-benzyl-3-cyclopropylamino-2,3-di-oxopropyl)amino)carbonyl)-3-methylbutyl) carbamic acid 5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl ester, protects neuronal cells from cerebral ischemia-induced damage in mice”. Neuroscience 157 (2): 309–18. (November 2008). doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.007. PMID 18835333. 
  30. ^ a b White V (1999年10月21日). “– ‘Biochemical Storm’ Following Brain Trauma An Important Factor In Treatment, University of Florida Researcher Finds”. University of Florida News. 2010年8月7日閲覧。

関連文献

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外部リンク

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