トプシー(Topsy, 1875年頃 - 1903年1月4日)は、アメリカ合衆国ニューヨーク州コニーアイランドの遊園地で感電死させられた雌のアジアゾウ

1902年6月16日、『セント・ポール・グローブ』紙に掲載された、観客のジェシー・ブラウントが象に殺されたという記事の挿絵。の一部が残っている。

概要

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18752519021902調190314

70使10[1][2]

生い立ち

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フォアポウ・サーカス

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1899年、フォアポウ&セルズ・ブラザーズ・サーカス合同公演ポスター。「重量級の象による大闘争」を呼び物としている。

1875

18772 PT

10(3m)20(6m)461902&[3]19023271[4]121900&22013調[5]19026使調[5]&[6]

シー・ライオンおよびルナパーク

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19026調[7]2[6]使[6]

190210190212

処刑による死

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トプシーは処刑場への橋を渡るのを拒み、報道写真家や見物人に取り囲まれている。結局吊り上げられて運ばれた。

調19021231[5][8]19031113425[9][10]200(61m)75(23m)190352100

(ASPCA)22[11]ASPCA使[10]

1903141,500100ASCPA100[10]ASPCAPD[12]9[12][13]
 

[14]25[5]1,000[5][15]AC[16]4602456,60010[17]210247[18]ASPCA2[19]

ポピュラー・カルチャー

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『ある象の電気処刑』

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1903年、『ある象の電気処刑』。エジソン・マニュファクチュアリング社により撮影されたトプシーの電気処刑。

S[20]741[16]189719031[21][22]

メディアおよびカルチャー

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[5]1979Mr. Mike's Mondo Video [23]1991Coney Island 使

19992003100USA[24]

使WSThe Chain to Her Leg ()[25]

トーマス・エジソンとの繋がり

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1903年頃のトーマス・エジソン。しばしばトプシーの死に関連付けられる。

使2008WIRED[26]2013Bob's BurgersTopsy1510[27][28]18921890[29][5][30]1,200[30]2013AC[5]

A[5][30]

関連項目

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1826

 ()1916

 ()19294

1994

脚注

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  1. ^ "Later, some historians would suggest that Edison electrocuted Topsy as part of the War of Currents. But that war had long since been lost and the execution itself and perhaps even the method were arranged by Thompson and Dundy."'- Daly, Michael (2013). Topsy: The Startling Story of the Crooked-tailed Elephant, P.T. Barnum, and the American Wizard, Thomas Edison, page 282
  2. ^ "Edison was not present. The electricians who electrocuted Topsy were connected with the "Edison Company." This likely refers to New York Edison, the predecessor to ConEd. Edison had not been part of the company for many years.", "While an Edison motion picture camera crew did film the event it is very unlikely that Edison himself was involved even in determining whether a film should be made. Edison did not run his motion picture business himself. Contrary to popular myth, the electrocution of Topsy had nothing to do with the battle between AC and DC, which ended with the formation of GE in 1892." - rutgers.edu, The Edison Papers, Myth Buster-Topsy the Elephant
  3. ^ originally from Fort Wayne, Indiana and described as a circus follower, maybe trying to get employment at Forepaugh
  4. ^ Book Review: "Topsy"”. The Wall Street Journal (2013年8月2日). 2013年9月15日閲覧。
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Daly, Michael (2013). Topsy: The Startling Story of the Crooked-tailed Elephant, P.T. Barnum, and the American Wizard, Thomas Edison. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 0802119042 
  6. ^ a b c Samuel Hawley, TOPSY THE CIRCUS ELEPHANT, .samuelhawley.com (research collected for the novel "Bad Elephant Far Stream")
  7. ^ Verious accounts from the period name him as "Frederic Ault", "William Alt", "William Alf" (per:Michael Daly and Samuel Hawley)
  8. ^ "TOPS" AND THE PRESS AGENT, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle from Brooklyn, New York December 13, 1902, page 5
  9. ^ The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January 5, 1903 · page 8
  10. ^ a b c BAD ELEPHANT DIES BY SHOCK, Electricity Kills Topsy at Coney Island, New York Press, January 5, 1903 (at fultonhistory.com)
  11. ^ The poisonings either left the animals in agony or showed little effect and the electricity seemed to show no effect.
  12. ^ a b Topsy, an Elephant, Executed at Coney Island, New York Herald, January 5, 1903 (at fultonhistory.com)
  13. ^ Brooklyn Bulletin - Volumes 9-10 - National Electric Light Association. Brooklyn Company Section - 1916, page 18
  14. ^ "TOPSY, THE ROGUE ELEPHANT, WAS ELECTROCUTED, POISONED AND HANGED St. Louis Republic, January 11, 1903, pge 24
  15. ^ "TOPSY, THE ROGUE ELEPHANT, WAS ELECTROCUTED, POISONED AND HANGED St. Louis Republic, January 11, 1903, page 24
  16. ^ a b McNichol, Tom (2006). AC/DC: The Savage Tale of the First Standards War. USA: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 0-7879-8267-9 
  17. ^ "Bad elephant killed. Topsy meets quick and painless death at Coney Island," The Commercial Advertiser, New York, Jan. 5, 1903. Retrieved October 27, 2006.
  18. ^ Nikolas C. Heynen, Maria Kaika, Erik Swyngedouw, In the Nature of Cities: Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism, Taylor & Francis - 2006, page 76
  19. ^ The Sun (New York), Jan 5, 1903, page 1
  20. ^ silentera.com, Electrocuting an Elephant, Also known as Electrocution of an Elephant in the USA (1903), American B&W : 70 feet, directed by Edwin S. Porter and/or Jacob Blair Smith
  21. ^ westland.net - Coney Island - Movie List
  22. ^ Actualities - Celluloid Skyline
  23. ^ roadsideamerica.com - Topsy the Elephant
  24. ^ TOM VANDERBILT, CITY LORE; They Didn't Forget, The New York Times, published: July 13, 2003
  25. ^ READ: Poem Donated By U.S. Poet Laureate By Global Animal on September 6, 2011
  26. ^ wired.com - Tony Long, Jan. 4, 1903: Edison Fries an Elephant to Prove His Point, January 4, 2008
  27. ^ "Later, some historians would suggest that Edison electrocuted Topsy as part of the War of Currents. But that war had long since been lost and the execution itself and perhaps even the method were arranged by Thompson and Dundy." - Daly, Michael (2013). Topsy: The Startling Story of the Crooked-tailed Elephant, P.T. Barnum, and the American Wizard, Thomas Edison, page 282
  28. ^ "While an Edison motion picture camera crew did film the event it is very unlikely that Edison himself was involved even in determining whether a film should be made. Edison did not run his motion picture business himself. Contrary to popular myth, the electrocution of Topsy had nothing to do with the battle between AC and DC, which ended with the formation of GE in 1892." - rutgers.edu, The Edison Papers, Myth Buster-Topsy the Elephant
  29. ^ Michael Gelb, Sarah Miller Caldicott, Innovate Like Edison: The Success System of America's Greatest Inventor, Penguin - 2007, page 29
  30. ^ a b c rutgers.edu, The Edison Papers, Myth Buster-Topsy the Elephant

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