Imagism; 20

[1] 20 [2][3] [4] - [5]

 

19141917

Luminous Details (Ideogrammic Method)[6]

イマジズム以前

編集

18902020A19132010     1907

T.E.(Autumn)(A City Sunset)[7] 19091(Poets' Club)1908(For Christmas MDCCCCVIII)19081908(A Lecture on Modern Poetry)[8] A.R.(The New Age)稿F.S. (1909退(Secession Club)[9]   1890F.V.20

  19111912(I gather the limbs of Osiris)A"pensar de lieis m'es repaus" En breu brizara'l temps braus[10] [11][12]

1915[13]1928 -W.B.(Rhymers' Club)調[14]1929[15][16]19151890
ファイル:Hdpoet.jpg
H.D. (Hilda Doolittle)
No one has written purer imagism than [Johnson] has, in the line

Clear lie the fields, and fade into blue air,
It has a beauty like the Chinese.

初期出版物・文章

編集

1911 H.D.使1912H.D.Imagiste[17]


1911 191210H.D.3稿(191211)[18] 1912RipostesTE︿

  11H.D.19131[19] 4調

The apparition of these faces in the crowd;

Petals on a wet, black bough.[20]







1998



19133(A Few Don'ts by an Imagiste)(Imagisme)

(一)

(二)使

(三)
[21]

 [22] 3 F.S.[23]

1916(Some Imagist Poets)[24]

イマジストたち(Des Imagistes)

編集

H.D.(Des Imagistes) Alfred Kreymborg (The Glebe)1914[25] 37107H.D.6F.S.     1963(The Imagist Poem Modern Poetry in miniature)[26]

W.C.W.B.I Hear an ArmyThe Egoist 

『イマジスト詩人選』(Some Imagist Poets)

編集

19155[27] 調H.D.[28]

Around this time, the American Imagist Amy Lowell moved to London, determined to promote her own work and that of the other Imagist poets. Lowell was a wealthy heiress from Boston whose brother Abbott Lawrence Lowell was President of Harvard University from 1909-1933.[29] She loved Keats and cigars. She was also an enthusiastic champion of literary experiment who was willing to use her money to publish the group. Lowell was determined to change the method of selection from Pound's autocratic editorial attitude to a more democratic manner. This new editorial policy was stated in the Preface to the first anthology to appear under her leadership: "In this new book we have followed a slightly different arrangement to that of our former Anthology. Instead of an arbitrary selection by an editor, each poet has been permitted to represent himself by the work he considers his best, the only stipulation being that it should not yet have appeared in book form."[30] The outcome was a series of Imagist anthologies under the title Some Imagist Poets. The first of these appeared in 1915, planned and assembled mainly by H.D. and Aldington. Two further issues, both edited by Lowell, were published in 1916 and 1917. These three volumes featured most of the original poets, (also including imagist poetry by the American poet John Gould Fletcher),[31] with the exception of Pound, who had tried to persuade her to drop the Imagist name from her publications and who sardonically dubbed this phase of Imagism "Amy-gism".

Lowell persuaded D. H. Lawrence to contribute poems to the 1915 and 1916 volumes,[32] making him the only writer to publish as both a Georgian poet and an Imagist. Marianne Moore also became associated with the group during this period. However, with World War I as a backdrop, the times were not easy for avant-garde literary movements (Aldington, for example, spent much of the war at the front), and the 1917 anthology effectively marked the end of the Imagists as a movement.
  1. ^ Preface: Hughes, Glenn, Imagism and the Imagist, Stanford University Press, New York 1931
  2. ^ Pratt, William. The Imagist Poem, Modern Poetry in Miniature (Story Line Press, 1963, expanded 2001). ISBN 1-58654-009-2.
  3. ^ T.S. Eliot: "The point de repère, usually and conveniently taken as the starting-point of modern poetry, is the group denominated 'imagists' in London about 1910." Lecture, Washington University, St. Louis, June 6, 1953
  4. ^ Pratt, William. The Imagist Poem, Modern Poetry in Miniature (Story Line Press, 1963, expanded 2001). ISBN 1-58654-009-2.
  5. ^ Taupin, René, L'Influence du symbolism francais sur la poesie Americaine (de 1910 a 1920), Champion, Paris 1929 trans William Pratt and Anne Rich AMS, New York, 1985
  6. ^ Davidson, Michael (1997). Ghostlier demarcations: modern poetry and the material word. University of California Press, pp. 11–13. ISBN 0-520-20739-4
  7. ^ Brooker, p. 48.
  8. ^ McGuinness, xii.
  9. ^ Blakeney Williams, Louise (2002). Modernism and the Ideology of History: Literature, Politics, and the Past. Cambridge University Press, p. 16. ISBN 0-521-81499-5
  10. ^ Reprinted in: Pound, Ezra (1975). William Cookson. ed. Selected Prose, 1909–1965. New Directions Publishing. pp. 43. ISBN 0-8112-0574-6 
  11. ^ Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde. Oxford University Press, 2011, pp.103–164. ISBN 978-0-19-959369-9
  12. ^ Video of a Lecture discussing the importance of Japanese culture to the Imagists, London University School of Advanced Study, March 2012.
  13. ^ Preface to Some Imagist Poets , Constable, 1916
  14. ^ Woon-Ping Chin Holaday. "From Ezra Pound to Maxine Hong Kingston: Expressions of Chinese Thought in American Literature". MELUS, Vol. 5, No. 2, Interfaces, Summer, 1978, pp. 15–24.
  15. ^ Taupin, René, L'Influence du symbolism francais sur la poesie Americaine(de 1910 a 1920), Champion, Paris 1929
  16. ^ Taupin, René, L'Influence du symbolism francais sur la poesie Americaine(de 1910 a 1920), Champion, Paris 1929 trans William Pratt and Anne Rich AMS , New York 1985
  17. ^ Ayers, David (2004). Chapter 1, "H.D., Ezra Pound and Imagism", in Modernism: a Short Introduction. Blackwell Publishers. Retrieved on 29 August 2010. ISBN 978-1-4051-0854-6
  18. ^ Monroe, Harriet, 'A Poet's Life' Macmillan, New York 1938
  19. ^ http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/browse/1/4#!/20569689/0
  20. ^ "On 'In a Station of the Metro'". Extract from "Genders, Races, and Religious Cultures in Modern American Poetry, 1908–1934". Cambridge University Press, 2001. Retrieved on 29 August 2010.
  21. ^ Elder, Bruce (1998). The Films of Stan Brakhage in the American Tradition of Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein and Charles Olson. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, pp. 72, 94. ISBN 0-88920-275-3
  22. ^ Pound, "A Retrospect" (1918). Reprinted in Kolocotroni et al., p. 374.
  23. ^ F.S. Flint letter to J.C. Squire 29 Jan 1917
  24. ^ Some Imagist Poets, Constable, 1916
  25. ^ Edgerly Firchow, Peter, Evelyn Scherabon Firchow, and Bernfried Nugel (2002). Reluctant Modernists: Aldous Huxley and Some Contemporaries. Transaction Books, p. 32.
  26. ^ Pratt, William. The Imagist Poem, Modern Poetry in Miniature (Story Line Press, 1963, expanded 2001). ISBN 1-58654-009-2.
  27. ^ Pondrom, Cyrena; H.D., "Selected Letters from H. D. to F. S. Flint: A Commentary on the Imagist Period". Contemporary Literature, Vol. 10, No. 4, Special Number on H. D.: A Reconsideration, Autumn, 1969. pp. 557-586.
  28. ^ Cowley et al. "Years Work English Studies", 1993. pp. 452-521.
  29. ^ “History of the Presidency”. http://www.harvard.edu/history-presidency 
  30. ^ Preface to Some Imagist Poets (1915). Reprinted in Kolocotroni et al. p. 268.
  31. ^ Hughes, Glenn, Imagism & The Imagists: A Study in Modern Poetry, Stanford University Press, New York, 1931
  32. ^ Lawrence, D. H. "The Letters of D. H. Lawrence". Cambridge University Press, (Republished) 1979. p. 394.

Imagists after Imagism

編集

In 1929, Walter Lowenfels jokingly suggested that Aldington should produce a new Imagist anthology.[1] Aldington, by now a successful novelist, took up the suggestion and enlisted the help of Ford and H.D. The result was the Imagist Anthology 1930, edited by Aldington and including all the contributors to the four earlier anthologies with the exception of Lowell, who had died, Cannell, who had disappeared, and Pound, who declined. The appearance of this anthology initiated a critical discussion of the place of the Imagists in the history of 20th-century poetry.

Of the poets who were published in the various Imagist anthologies, Joyce, Lawrence and Aldington are now primarily remembered and read as novelists. Marianne Moore, who was at most a fringe member of the group, carved out a unique poetic style of her own that retained an Imagist concern with compression of language. William Carlos Williams developed his poetic along distinctly American lines with his variable foot and a diction he claimed was taken "from the mouths of Polish mothers".[2] Both Pound and H.D. turned to writing long poems, but retained much of the hard edge to their language as an Imagist legacy. Most of the other members of the group are largely forgotten outside the context of the history of Imagism.

Legacy

編集

Despite the movement's short life, Imagism would deeply influence the course of modernist poetry in English.[3] Richard Aldington, in his 1941 memoir, writes: "I think the poems of Ezra Pound, D.H., Lawrence, and Ford Madox Ford will continue to be read. And to a considerable extent T. S. Eliot and his followers have carried on their operations from positions won by the Imagists."

On the other hand, Wallace Stevens found shortcomings in the Imagist approach: "Not all objects are equal. The vice of imagism was that it did not recognize this."[4] With its demand for hardness, clarity and precision and its insistence on fidelity to appearances coupled with its rejection of irrelevant subjective emotions Imagism had later effects that are demonstratable in T. S. Eliot's 'Preludes' and 'Morning at the Window' and in D. H. Lawrence's animal and flower pieces. The rejection of conventional verse forms in the nineteen-twenties owed much to the Imagists repudiation of the Georgian Poetry style.[5]

The influence of Imagism can be seen clearly in the work of the Objectivist poets,[6] who came to prominence in the 1930s under the auspices of Pound and Williams. The Objectivists worked mainly in free verse. Clearly linking Objectivism's principles with Imagism's, Louis Zukofsky insisted, in his introduction to the 1931 Objectivist issue of Poetry, on writing "which is the detail, not mirage, of seeing, of thinking with the things as they exist, and of directing them along a line of melody." Zukofsky was a major influence on the Language poets,[7] who carried the Imagist focus on formal concerns to a high level of development. Basil Bunting, another Objectivist poet, was a key figure in the early development of the British Poetry Revival, a loose movement that also absorbed the influence of the San Francisco Renaissance poets.[8]

Imagism influenced a number of poetry circles and movements.With the Imagists Free verse bhttps://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Hdpoet.jpghttps://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Hdpoet.jpgecame a discipline and acquired status as a legitimate poetic form.[9] In the 1950s, especially,with the Beat generation, the Black Mountain poets, and others associated with the San Francisco Renaissance. In his seminal 1950 essay Projective Verse, Charles Olson, the theorist of the Black Mountain group, wrote "ONE PERCEPTION MUST IMMEDIATELY AND DIRECTLY LEAD TO A FURTHER PERCEPTION";[10] his credo derived from and supplemented the Imagists.[11]

 Gary Snyder  Allen Ginsberg Imagist  --  Lew Ginsberg  (1955)

脚注

編集
  1. ^ Aldington, Richard; Gates Norman. "Richard Aldington: An Autobiography in Letters". (Katowice): Oficyna Akademii sztuk pięknych w Katowicach, 1984. p. 103.
  2. ^ Bercovitch, Sacvan; Cyrus R. K. Patell (1994). The Cambridge History of American Literature. Cambridge University Press. pp. 19. ISBN 0-521-49733-7 
  3. ^ Strand B. G. Imagist-The Genre – An appraisal, 2013, ASIN: B00AYE482S
  4. ^ Enck, John J. (1964). Wallace Stevens: Images and Judgments. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 11 
  5. ^ Introductory Note by Kenneth Allott (ed) The Penguin Book of Contemporary Verse , Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, England 1950
  6. ^ Sloan, De Villo (1987). “The Decline of American Postmodernism”. SubStance (University of Wisconsin Press) 16 (3): 29. doi:10.2307/3685195. JSTOR 3685195. 
  7. ^ Stanley , Sandra. "Louis Zukofsky and the Transformation of a Modern American Poetics". South Atlantic Review 60.1 (1995): 186-189.
  8. ^ "The Possibility of Poetry: from Migrant magazine to artists' books". The British Library, January 2007. Retrieved on 20 October 2007.
  9. ^ Pratt, William. The Imagist Poem, Modern Poetry in Miniature (Story Line Press, 1963, expanded 2001). ISBN 1-58654-009-2.
  10. ^ Olson, Charles (1966). Selected Writings. New Directions Publishing. pp. 17. ISBN 0-8112-0335-2 
  11. ^ Riddel, Joseph N. (Autumn 1979). “Decentering the Image: The 'Project' of 'American' Poetics?”. Boundary 2 (Duke University Press) 8 (1): 159–188. doi:10.2307/303146. JSTOR 303146. 

引用文献

編集

Aldington  1941) IX

Duplessis H.D. 1986) ISBN 0-7108-0548-9

Brooker(1996) :T.S. () 

 H.D. (,1985). ISBN 0-385-13129-1

-(ed.). Imagist (1972

  (1975 ISBN 0-571-10668-4

Kolocotroni, Vassiliki; Jane Goldman; Olga Taxidou (1998). Modernism: An Anthology of Sources and Documents. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-45074-0 

McGuinness-(), T.E.Hulme: (FyfieldCarcanet Press,1998). ISBNISBN 1-85754-362-91-85754-362-9 xii-xiii)

J.P."  (1970 ISBN 0-14-080033-6

参考文献

編集

 , (19632001 ISBN 1-58654-009-2

 19121939 (Deutsch)1987) ISBNISBN 0-233-98007-50-233-98007-5

 ABC 1934) ISBN 0-8112-0151-1

外部リンク

編集