生体構成物質の動的状態

THE DYNAMIC STATE OF BODY CONSTITUENTS (1942)

ルードルフ・シェーンハイマー Rudolf Schoenheimer

水上茂樹訳






 1922131926
 192719301930119311933
 便漿
 193419321()()()()()()4
 使
 15N使
 19371941
 1



T, 94, 553, 1941 




 稿19419 Schoenheimer  David Rittenberg Sarah Ratner 


HANS T. CLARKE

194112



1


31
 
 18
 19
 
 使
 (1)
 使使
 
 調1(2)
 1

「第1表」のキャプション付きの図

1

 (3)
 (4)1923
 便便
 使11
 2N15 使N152H 15N使
 
 使
 使
 
 
 使
 ※(ローマ数字1、1-13-21)使

図

 ※(ローマ数字2、1-13-22)使便(5)

図

 ※(ローマ数字3、1-13-23)※(ローマ数字3、1-13-23)15

図


 ※(ローマ数字4、1-13-24)(6)

図


 使(7)2444
 1
 2222使(8)60.56
 (9)5.71
 8442
 25.7100

「第2表」のキャプション付きの図

2

 2424
 210
 (10)(11)
 1
 1
 1
 (12)
 (13)10210332

「第3表」のキャプション付きの図

3

 
 使使尿(14)1
 (15)11

「第1図」のキャプション付きの図

1

 
 124(16)

「第4表」のキャプション付きの図

4

 2(17)2

「第2図」のキャプション付きの図

2

 
 119※(ローマ数字5、1-13-25)2使(15)

図

 使
 33

「第3図」のキャプション付きの図

3

 
 漿41(18)1

「第4図」のキャプション付きの図

4

 
 13使(19)使(20)(21)(22)(23)使(24)使
 
 


2


 3,5000α
 
 N155

「第5表」のキャプション付きの図

5

 2使N155
 1
 
 216
  l(-)(25)(26)325mg7※(ローマ数字6、1-13-26)63

図

「第6表」のキャプション付きの図

6

 尿31
 6(66)(27)(28)
 7漿3231

「第7表」のキャプション付きの図

7

 21使
 8使

「第8表」のキャプション付きの図

8

 8
 222
 
 
 20%
 ※(ローマ数字7、1-13-27)尿(29)1(30)α

図

 1
 399393尿

「第9表」のキャプション付きの図

9

 (31)21
 (32)※(ローマ数字8、1-13-28)11

図

 21)
 使
 (34)10

「第10表」のキャプション付きの図

10

 使尿(35)使
 (36)(37)
 (66)※(ローマ数字3、1-13-23)3漿※(ローマ数字3、1-13-23)殿(38)5

「第5図」のキャプション付きの図

5

 52
 12
 3漿11

「第11表」のキャプション付きの図

11

 (39)漿漿漿
 
 (40)
 106使321α
 (41)α※(ローマ数字9、1-13-29)

図

 αα(42)使
 
 使 15N※(ローマ数字10、1-13-30) l(-) l(-)α15N

図

 1232α(28)1

「第12表」のキャプション付きの図

12

 2121
 1αα d(-)
 調(43)調(44)※(ローマ数字11、1-13-31)

図

 (45)(40)
 30※(ローマ数字12、1-13-55)(46)

図

 調1
 (66) dl l13尿尿尿1

「第13表」のキャプション付きの図

13

 1尿使尿尿尿133
 αα※(ローマ数字7、1-13-27)※(ローマ数字10、1-13-30)※(ローマ数字3、1-13-23)α

図

 24(66)106080%(47)8024
 便1


1)(33)


3


 2
 尿尿尿
 尿尿尿
 (48)尿尿1932(49)尿12尿尿尿使
 尿使(50) 13C使(51)使
 使尿4※(ローマ数字10、1-13-30)※(ローマ数字4、1-13-24)使尿尿尿

図

 尿尿
 尿1(66)60尿尿
 尿尿2尿
 尿尿尿
 尿尿尿尿(52)
 尿尿尿14尿尿尿

「第14表」のキャプション付きの図

14

 尿尿尿尿
 尿尿尿尿調尿尿尿尿尿α尿
 尿尿(53)
 使尿(54)尿尿
 (55)尿6230

「第6図」のキャプション付きの図

6

 (56)(57)使
 (58)尿使(59)212
 
 (60)(60)2(61)
 (62)(63)
 (24)21尿
 
 (64)
 尿使尿 15N※(ローマ数字10、1-13-30)※(ローマ数字 5、1-13-25)

図

 3
 ※(ローマ数字10、1-13-30)※(ローマ数字6、1-13-26)1323232211

図

 
 ※(ローマ数字10、1-13-30)※(ローマ数字7、1-13-27)

図

 152134

「第15表」のキャプション付きの図

15

 使(65)使22
 尿(55)16尿尿

「第16表」のキャプション付きの図

16

 尿尿尿尿
 尿尿尿尿尿尿尿尿
 尿使尿調(66)
 尿尿尿尿尿(66)
 
 ATP(66) ATP 1
 
 尿尿尿尿尿尿



 3
 尿
 
 32
 尿α
 2
 
 1
 ()()()()
 1退
 
 



Adenosine triphosphate 
Amino acids, indispensable 
    , isotopic 
    , replacement in proteins 
    , synthesis in vivo 
Ammonia nitrogen, introduction into proteins 
Antibodies, metabolism 
Arginine, from ornithine 
Aspartic acid, metabolism 
Cholesterol, synthesis in vivo 
Choline 
Coprosterol 
Creatine, synthesis in vivo 
Creatinine 
Desaturation 
Deuterio coprostanone 
Fat deposition 
Fatty acids, biological interconversion 
    , regeneration 
    , synthesis in vivo 
Glutamic acid, from ornithine 
    , metabolism
Glycine, metabolism 
Guanidoacetic acid 
Histidine, metabolism 
Hydrogenation of fatty acids 
Labile deuterium 
Leucine, metabolism 
Linoleic acid 
Linolenic acid 
Lysine, metabolism 
Methionine 
Methylation 
Molecular regeneration 
Nucleic acids 
Ornithine, metabolism 
Phenylalanine, metabolism 
Phosphatides 
Proline, from ornithine 
Proteins 
Purines 
Regeneration 
Reserve proteins 
Semi-labile deuterium 
Serum proteins, metabolism 漿
Stably bound deuterium 
Transamination 
Tyrosine, from phenylalanine 
Urea, formation 尿
Uric acid 尿



1. Borsook, H., and Keighley, G. L.: The “continuing” metabolism of nitrogen in animals. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Series B, 118, 488 (1935).
2. Artom, C.: Sur le r※(サーカムフレックスアクセント付きO小文字)le des phosphoaminolipides dans le m※(アキュートアクセント付きE小文字)tabolisme des graisses. Ier m※(アキュートアクセント付きE小文字)moire: Exp※(アキュートアクセント付きE小文字)riences avec introduction parent※(アキュートアクセント付きE小文字)rale de graisses iod※(アキュートアクセント付きE小文字)es. Arch, internat. physiol., 36, 101 (1933).
Artom, C., and Peretti, G.: Sur le r※(サーカムフレックスアクセント付きO小文字)le des phosphoaminolipides dans le m※(アキュートアクセント付きE小文字)tabolisme des graisses. IIIer m※(アキュートアクセント付きE小文字)moire: Les lipides de la muqueuse intestinale pendant l’absorption de graisses iod※(アキュートアクセント付きE小文字)es. Arch, internat. physiol., 42, 61 (1935-1936).
3. Urey, H. C., Brickwedde, F. G., and Murphy, G. M.: A hydrogen isotope of mass 2. Phys. Rev., 39, 164 (1932).
Urey, H. C., Brickwedde, F. G., and Murphy, G. M.: A hydrogen isotope of mass 2 and its concentration. Phys. Rev., 40, 1 (1932).
Huffman, J. R., and Urey, H. C.: Separation of oxygen isotopes by a fractionating column. Ind. Eng. Chem., 29, 531 (1937).
Urey, H. C., and Aten, A. H. W., Jr.: On the chemicak differences between nitrogen isotopes. Phys. Rev., 50, 575 (1936).
Urey, H. C., Fox, M., Huffman, J. R., and Thode, H. G.: A concentration of N15 by a chemical exchange reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59, 1407 (1937).
Thode, H. G., and Urey, H. C.: The further concentration of N15. J. Chem. Phys., 7, J4 (1939).
Thode, H. G., Gorham, J. E., and Urey, H. C.: The concentration of N15 and S34. J. Chem. Phys., 6, 296 (1938).
Roberts, I., Thode, H. G., and Urey, H. C.: The concentration of C13 by chemical exchange. J. Chem. Phys., 7, 137 (1939).
4. Hevesy, G.: The absorption and translocation of lead by plants. A contribution to the application of the method of radioactive indicators in the investigation of the change of substance in plants. Biochem. J., 17, 439 (1923).
5. Anchel, M., and Schoenheimer, R.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. XV. Further studies in coprosterol formation. The use of compounds containing labile deuterium for biological experiments. J. Biol. Chem., 125, 23 (1938).
6. Rittenberg, D., Schoenheimer, R., and Evans, E. A., Jr.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. X. The metabolism of butyric and caproic acids. J. Biol. Chem., 120, 503 (1937).
7. Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. III. The role of the fat tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 111, 175 (1935).
8. Stetten, De W., Jr., and Schoenheimer, R.: The conversion of palmitic acid into stearic and palmitoleic acids in rats. J. Biol. Chem., 133, 329 (1940).
9. Hilditch, T. P., and Longenecker, H. E.: Further determination and characterization of the component acids of butter fat. J. Biol. Chem., 122, 497 (1937-1938).
10. Burr, G. O., and Burr, M. M.: A new deficiency disease produced by the rigid exclusion of fat from the diet. J. Biol. Chem., 82, 345 (1929).
Burr, G. O., and Burr, M. M.: On the nature and role of the fatty acids essential in nutrition. J. Biol. Chem., 86, 587 (1930).
Burr, G. O., Burr, M. M., and Miller, E. S.: On the fatty acids essential in nutrition. III. J. Biol. Chem., 97, 1 (1932).
11. Birch, T. W.: The relation between vitamin B6 and the unsaturated fatty acid factor. J. Biol. Chem., 124, 775 (1938).
Turpeinen, O.: Further studies on the unsaturated fatty acids essential in nutrition. J. Nutrition, 15, 351 (1938).
12. Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. IX. The conversion of stearic acid into palmitic acid in the organism. J. Biol. Chem., 120, 155 (1937).
13. Rittenberg, D., and Schoenheimer, R.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. VIII. Hydrogenation of fatty acids in the animal organism. J. Biol. Chem., 117, 485 (1937).
14. Krogh, A., and Ussing, H. H.: The exchange of hydrogen between the free water and the organic substances in the living organism. Skand. Arch. Physiol., 75, 90 (1936-1937).
15. Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. VI. Synthesis and destruction of fatty acids in the organism. J. Biol. Chem., 114, 381 (1936).
16. Bernhard, K., and Schoenheimer, R.: The inertia of highly unsaturated fatty acids in the animal, investigated with deuterium. J. Biol. Chem., 133, 707 (1940).
17. Rittenberg, D., and Schoenheimer, R.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. XI. Further studies on the biological uptake of deuterium into organic substances, with special reference to fat and cholesterol formation. J. Biol. Chem., 121, 235 (1937).
18. Bernhard, K., and Schoenheimer, R.: The rate of formation of stearic and palmitic acids in normal mice. J. Biol. Chem., 133, 713 (1940).
19. Cavanagh, B., and Raper, H. S.: Deuterium as an indicator in fat metabolism. Nature, 137, 233 (1936).
Cavanagh, B., and Raper, H. S.: A study of the passage of fatty acids of food into lipins and glycerides of the body using deuterium as an indicator. Biochem. J., 331, 17 (1939).
20. Hevesy, G., and Hahn, L.: Turnover of lecithin, cephalin and sphingomyelin. K. Danske Videnskab. Selskab., Biol. Medd., 15, No. 5 (1940).
21. Artom, C,, Sarzana, G., Perrier, C., Santangelo, M., and Segre, E.: Rate of “organification” of phosphorus in animal tissues. Nature, 139, 836 (1937).
Artom, C., Sarzana, G., Perrier, C., Santangelo, M., and Segre, E.: Phospholipid synthesis during fat absorption. Nature, 139, 1105 (1937).
22. Perlman, I., Ruben, S., and Chaikoff, I. L.: Radioactive phosphorus as an indicator of phospholipid metabolism. I. The rate of formation and destruction of phospholipids in the fasting rat. J. Biol. Chem., 122, 169 (1937-1938).
Fries, B. A., Ruben, S., Perlman, I., and Chaikoff, I. L.: Radioactive phosphorus as an indicator of phospholipid metabolism. II. The role of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine in phospholipid metabolism in the presence and absence of ingested fat. J. Biol. Chem., 123, 587 (1938).
23. Chargaff, E.: Unstable isotopes. II. The relative speed of formation of lecithin and cephalin in the body. J. Biol. Chem., 128, 587 (1939).
24. Stetten, De W., Jr.: Biological relationships of choline, ethanolamine, and related compounds. J. Biol. Chem., 140, 143 (1940).
25. Schoenheimer, R., Ratner, S., and Rittenberg, D.: Studies in protein metabolism. X. The metabolic activity of body pro- teins investigated with l(-)-leucine containing two isotopes. J. Biol. Chem., 130, 703 (1939).
26. Ratner, S., Rittenberg, D., Keston, A. S., and Schoenheimer, R.: Studies in protein metabolism. XIV. The chemical interaction of dietary glycine and body proteins in rats. J. Biol. Chem., 134, 665 (1940).
27. Schoenheimer, R., Ratner, S., and Rittenberg, D.: Studies in protein metabolism. VII. The metabolism of tyrosine. J. Biol. Chem., 127, 333 (1939).
28. Weissman, N., and Schoenheimer, R.: The relative stability of l(+)-lysine in rats studied with deuterium and heavy nitrogen. J. Biol. Chem., 140, 779 (1941).
29. Knoop, F., and Oesterlin, H.: ※(ダイエレシス付きU)ber die nati※(ダイエレシス付きU小文字)rliche Synthese der Aminos※(ダイエレシス付きA小文字)uren und ihre experimentelle Reproduktion. Z. physiol. Chem., 148, 294 (1925).
30. von Euler, H., Adler, E., Gunther, G., and Das, N. B.: Uber den enzymatischen Abbau und Aufbau der Glutamins※(ダイエレシス付きA小文字)ure. II. In tierischen Geweben. Z. physiol. Chem., 254, 61 (1938).
31. Herbst, R. M., and Engel, L. L.: A reaction between α-ketonic acids and α-amino acids. J. Biol. Chem., 107, 505 (1934).
Herbst, R. M.: The reaction between α-ketonic acids and α-amino acids. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58, 2239 (1936).
32. Braunstein, A. E., and Kritzmann, M. G.: ※(ダイエレシス付きU)ber den Ab- und Aufbau von Aminos※(ダイエレシス付きA小文字)uren durch Umaminierung. Enzymologia, 2, 129 (1937).
Braunstein, A. E.: Die enzymatische Umaminierung der Aminos※(ダイエレシス付きA小文字)uren und ihre physiologische Bedeutung. Enzymologia, 7, 25 (1939).
33. Cohen, P. P.: Transamination with purified enzyme preparations (transaminase). J. Biol. Chem., 136, 565 (1940).
34. Foster, G. L., Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: Studies in protein metabolism. V. The utilization of ammonia for amino acid and creatine formation in animals. J. Biol. Chem., 127,319 (1939).
35. Mitchell, H. H., and Hamilton, T. S.: The Biochemistry of the Amino Acids. American Chemical Society Monograph Series. The Chemical Catalog Company, Inc., New York, p. 571 (1929).
36. Burroughs, E. W., Burroughs, H. S., and Mitchell, H. H.: The independence of the endogenous and the exogenous metabolism of nitrogen. J. Nutrition, 19, 271 (1940).
37. Luck, J. M.: Liver proteins. I. The question of protein storage. J. Biol. Chem., 115, 491 (1936).
Luck, J. M.: The liver proteins. Perspectives in Biochemistry. Edited by J. Needham and D. E. Green. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, p. 215 (1937).
38. Heidelberger, M., and Kendall, F. E.: A quantitative study of the precipitin reaction between type III pneumococcus polysaccharide and purified homologous antibody. J. Exp. Med., 50, 809 (1929).
Heidelberger, M.: Quantitative absolute methods in the study of antigen-antibody reactions. Bact. Rev., 3, 49 (1939).
39. Madden, S. C., and Whipple, G. H.: Plasma proteins: their source, production and utilization. Physiol. Rev., 20, 194 (1940).
40. Rose, W. C.: The nutritive significance of the amino acids. Physiol. Rev., 18, 109 (1938).
41. Schoenheimer, R., Rittenberg, D., and Keston, A. S.: Studies in protein metabolism. VIII. The activity of the α-amino group of histidine in animals. J. Biol. Chem., 127, 385 (1939).
42. Jackson, R. W., and Chandler, J. P.: Metabolism of proteins and amino acids. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 8, 249. Edited by J. M. Luck. Annual Reviews, Inc., Stanford University P.O., California (1939).
43. Clutton, R. F., Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: Studies in protein metabolism. XII. The conversion of ornithine into arginine in the mouse. J. Biol. Chem., 132, 227 (1940).
44. Roloff, M., Ratner, S., and Schoenheimer, R.: The biological conversion of ornithine into proline and glutamic acid. J. Biol. Chem., 136, 561 (1940).
45. Moss, A. R., and Schoenheimer, R.: The conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in normal rats. J. Biol. Chem., 135, 415 (1940).
Moss, A. R.: The conversion of β-phenyllactic acid to tyrosine in normal rats. J. Biol. Chem., 137, 739 (1941).
46. Rittenberg, D., Keston, A. S., Schoenheimer, R., and Foster, G. L.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. XIII. The stability of hydrogen in amino acids. J. Biol. Chem., 125, 1 (1938).
47. Foster, G. L., Rittenberg, D., and Schoenheimer, R.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. XIV. Biological formation of deuteroamino acids. J. Biol. Chem., 125, 13 (1938).
48. Bollman, J. L., Mann, F. C., and Magath, T. B.: Studies on the physiology of the liver. VIII. Effect of total removal of the liver on the formation of urea. Am. J. Physiol., 69, 371 (1924).
49. Krebs, H. A., and Henseleit, K.: Untersuchungen ※(ダイエレシス付きU小文字)ber die Harnstoffbildung im Tierk※(ダイエレシス付きO小文字)rper. Z. physiol. Chem., 210, 33 (1932).
50. Evans, E. A., Jr., and Slotin, L.: The role of carbon dioxide in the synthesis of urea in rat liver slices. J. Biol. Chem., 136, 805 (1940).
51. Rittenberg, D., and Waelsch, H.: The source of carbon for urea formation. J. Biol. Chem., 136, 799 (1940).
52. Krebs, H. A.: Untersuchungen ※(ダイエレシス付きU小文字)ber den Stoffwechsel der Aminos※(ダイエレシス付きA小文字)uren im Tierk※(ダイエレシス付きO小文字)rper. Z. physiol. Chem., 217, 191 (1933).
Krebs, H. A.: Weitere Untersuchungen ※(ダイエレシス付きU小文字)ber den Abbau der Aminos※(ダイエレシス付きA小文字)uren im Tierk※(ダイエレシス付きO小文字)rper. Z. physiol. Chem., 218, 157 (1933).
53. Benedict, S. R., and Osterberg, E.: Studies in creatine and creatinine metabolism. V. The metabolism of creatine. J. Biol. Chem., 56, 229 (1923).
54. Bloch, K., and Schoenheimer, R.: Studies in protein metabolism. XI. The metabolic relation of creatine and creatinine studied with isotopic nitrogen. J. Biol. Chem., 131, 111 (1939).
55. Bloch, K., Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: Rate of formation and disappearance of body creatine in normal animals. J. Biol. Chem., 138, 155 (1941).
56. Brand, E., Harris, M. M., Sandberg, M., and Ringer, A. I.: Studies on the origin of creatine. Am. J. Physiol., 90, 296 (1929).
57. Rose, W. C.: The metabolism of creatine and creatinine. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 4, 243. Edited by J. M. Luck. Annual Reviews, Inc., Stanford University P.O., California (1935),
58. Weber, C. J.: Studies on the metabolism of guanidoacetic acid. Proc. Am. Soc. Biol. Chem., J. Biol. Chem., 114, cvii (1936).
Bodansky, M.: Comparison of glycine and guanidoacetic acid as precursors of creatine. J. Biol. Chem., 115, 641 (1936).
59. Bloch, K., and Schoenheimer, R.: The biological precursors of creatine. J. Biol. Chem., 138, 167 (1941).
60. Best, C. H., and Ridout, J. H.: Choline as a dietary factor. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 8, 349. Edited by J. M. Luck. Annual Reviews, Inc., Stanford University P.O., California (1939).
61. Du Vigneaud, V., Chandler, J. P., Moyer, A. W., and Keppel, D. M.: The effect of choline on the ability of homocystine to replace methionine in the diet. J. Biol. Chem., 131, 57 (1939).
62. Borsook, H., and Dubnoff, J. W.: The formation of creatine from glycocyamine in the liver.. J. Biol. Chem., 132, 559 (1940).
63. Du Vigneaud, V., Cohn, M., Chandler, J. P., Schenck, J. R., and Simmonds, S.: The utilization of the methyl group of methionine in the biological synthesis of choline and creatine. J. Biol. Chem., 140, 625 (1941).
64. Fisher, R. B., and Wilhelmi, A. E.: The metabolism of creatine. II. The conversion of arginine into creatine in the isolated rabbit heart. Biochem. J., 312, 1136 (1937).
Davenport, H. W., Fisher, R. B., and Wilhelmi, A. E.: The metabolism of creatine. III. The role of glycocyamine in creatine synthesis. Biochem. J., 321, 262 (1938).
65. Borsook, H., and Dubnoff, J. W.: The formation of glycocyamine in animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 138, 389 (1941).

66. Unpublished data.


GENERAL REFRENCES

Deuterium


I. ANALYSIS OF DEUTERIUM IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1. Rittenberg, D., and Schoenheimer, R.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. II. Methods. J. Biol. Chem., 111, 169 (1935).

2. Keston, A. S., Rittenberg, D., and Schoenheimer, R.: Determination of deuterium in organic compounds. J. Biol. Chem., 122, 227 (1937-1938).


II. STABILITY AND EXCHANGEABILITY OF DEUTERIUM IN ORGANIC LINKAGE
1. Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. I. J. Biol. Chem., 111, 163 (1935).
2. Rittenberg, D., Keston, A. S. Schoenheimer, R., and Foster, G. L.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. XIII. The stability of hydrogen in amino acids. J. Biol. Chem., 125, 1 (1938).
3. Ratner, S., Rittenberg, D., and Schoenheimer, R.: The stability of hydrogen-carbon linkages in glutamic acid. J. Biol. Chem., 135, 357 (1940).
4. Foster, G. L., Keston, A. S., Rittenberg, D., and Schoenheimer, R.: Deuterium as an indicator in the study of intermediary metabolism. XII. The action of proteolytic enzymes on peptides in heavy water. J. Biol. Chem., 124, 159 (1938).

5. van Heyningen, W. E., Rittenberg, D., and Schoenheimer, R.: The preparation of fatty acids containing deuterium. J. Biol. Chem., 125, 495 (1938).


Heavy Nitrogen


I. NATURAL ABUNDANCE OF N15 IN AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS

1. Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: Studies in protein metabolism. I. General considerations in the application of isotopes to the study of protein metabolism. The normal abundance of nitrogen isotopes in amino acids, J. Biol. Chem., 127, 285 (1939).


II. ANALYSIS OF ISOTOPIC NITROGEN IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1. Rittenberg, D., Keston, A. S., Rosebury, F., and Schoenheimer, R.: Studies in protein metabolism. II. The determination of nitrogen isotopes in organic compounds. J. Biol. Chem., 127, 291 (1939).


III. SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS CONTAINING ISOTOPIC NITROGEN

1. Schoenheimer, R., and Ratner, S.: Studies in protein metabolism. III. Synthesis of amino acids containing isotopic nitrogen. J. Biol. Chem., 127, 301 (1939).


IV. STABILITY OF NITROGEN IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

1. Keston, A. S., Rittenberg, D., and Schoenheimer, R.: Studies in protein metabolism. IV. The stability of nitrogen in organic compounds. J. Biol. Chem., 127, 315 (1939).


V. PHYSIOLOGICAL INVERSION OF AMINO ACIDS
1. Du Vigneaud, V., Cohn, M., Brown, G. B., Irish, O. J., Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: A study of the inversion of d-phenylaminobutyric acid and the acetylation of l-phenylaminobutyric acid by means of the isotopes of nitrogen and hydrogen. J. Biol. Chem., 131, 273 (1939).

2. Ratner, S., Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: Studies in protein metabolism. XIII. The metabolism and inversion of d(+)-leucine studied with two isotopes. J. Biol. Chem., 134, 653 (1940).


General Review of the Stable Isotopes in Intermediary Metabolism


1. Schoenheimer, R.: The investigation of intermediary metabolism with the aid of heavy nitrogen. The Harvey Lectures, 1936-1937, Series XXXII, p. 122. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore (1937).

2. Schoenheimer, R., and Rittenberg, D.: The study of intermediary metabolism of animals with the aid of isotopes. Physiol. Rev., 20, 218 (1940).


Quantitative Analysis Employing Isotopic Compounds


1. Rittenberg, D., and Foster, G. L.: A new procedure for quantitative analysis by isotope dilution, with application to the determination of amino acids and fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem., 133, 737 (1940).

2. Graff, S., Rittenberg, D., and Foster, G. L.: The glutamic acid of malignant tumors. J. Biol. Chem., 133, 745 (1940).


「表紙」のキャプション付きの図

表紙






底本:Rudolf Schoenheimer, "THE DYNAMIC STATE OF BODY CONSTITUENTS."(1942)
   2019(平成31)年7月22日青空文庫版公開
※本作品は「クリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示 2.1 日本 ライセンス」(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.1/jp/)の下に提供されています。
Creative Commons License
翻訳者:水上茂樹
2019年7月21日作成
青空文庫収録ファイル:
このファイルは、著作権者自らの意思により、インターネットの図書館、青空文庫(https://www.aozora.gr.jp/)に収録されています。




●表記について


●図書カード