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T h e W a y b a c k M a c h i n e - h t t p : / / w e b . a r c h i v e . o r g / w e b / 2 0 1 3 0 5 2 4 1 6 5 9 2 5 / h t t p : / / z h - m i n - n a n . w i k i p e d i a . o r g / w i k i / S % C 3 % B 2 % C D % 9 8 - h a % C C % 8 D k - k a
S ò ͘ - h a ̍ k W i k i p e d i a ( c h ū - i û ê p e k - k h o - c h o â n - s u ) b e h k ā l í k ó n g . . . ( T ù i S ò ͘ - h a ̍ k - k a c h o á n - - l â i )
T h i à u k h ì : S e ̍ h c h ā m , c h h i a u - c h h o ē
Sò͘-ha̍k tiāⁿ hông khoàⁿ-chò sī leh gián-kiù sò͘-liōng , kiat-kò͘ , khong-kan kap piàn-tōng ê ha̍k-būn. Ū koá sò͘-ha̍k-ka kā sò͘-ha̍k tòng-chò sī kong-siat kap teng-gī thaù-koè chhui-lūn tit--tio̍h ê tì-sek .
Ta̍k ê siā-hoē leh chhek-liông thó͘-tē, chhú-lí koè-kè , ī-chhek thian-bûn sū-kiāⁿ, ... ê sî chha-put-to lóng ē-tit khoàⁿ tio̍h èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k ê iáⁿ. Sò͘-ha̍k thong-siông sī leh chhiau-chhoē bô͘-sek, bô tiāⁿ-tio̍h ài kap èng-iōng ū tī-tāi. M̄-koh Eugene Wigner bat kóng koè "sò͘-ha̍k siuⁿ koè-thaû-á ū-haū ", siōng 'sûn' ê sò͘-ha̍k tiāⁿ chhoē tio̍h siōng si̍t-chè ê èng-iōng. Hiān-chhú-sî ê chū-jiân kho-ha̍k , kang-têng , keng-chè , i-ha̍k lóng tio̍h khoàⁿ sò͘-ha̍k ū sin hoat-tián--bô.
Hi-lia̍p-gí ê μάθημα (máthema ) piáu-sī "kho-ha̍k, tì-sek, ha̍k-si̍p", μαθηματικός (mathematikós ) piáu-sī "kah-ì o̍h mi̍h-kiāⁿ". Eng-gí kā sò͘-ha̍k siá chò mathematics , kán-siá chò maths (Liân-pang Eng-gí ), math (Bí-kok Eng-gí ).
Sò͘-ha̍k ê le̍k-sú [siu-kái ]
Sò͘-ha̍k ê ián-piàn ē-tit khoàⁿ chò kóng thiu-siōng ê chú-tê iah sī thêng-tō͘ ti̍t-ti̍t leh cheng-ka. Siōng chá ê thiu-siōng hoān-sè sī sò͘-ba̍k . Liáu-kái kóng 2 lia̍p phōng-kó kap 2 lia̍p kam-á ká-ná ū sím-mih sio-kâng ê só͘-chāi, sò͘-ha̍k tō khai-sí hoat-tián--a.
Sú-chêng ê jîn-lūi ē-hiáu sǹg kū-thé ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ, mā chai-iáⁿ beh án-choáⁿ sǹg thiu-siōng ê sò͘-liōng, chhiūⁿ kóng sî-kan (kang , kùi , nî , ...). Ē-hiáu sǹg, koh lâi tō sī sǹg-siàu (chhiūⁿ ke kiám , sêng , tû ).
M̄-koh beh sǹg tio̍h-ài ē-tàng siá kap 1 thò sò͘-jī hē-thóng . Sú-chêng ê jîn-lūi hoān-sè sī tī thô͘-kha oē sûn iah sī tī chhâ-thaû khek sûn lâi piáu-sī sò͘-liōng . Inca Tè-kok bô su-siá hē-thóng, in lī-iōng soh-á phah-kat ê hong-hoat lâi sǹg-siàu, hō-chò khipu .
Sò͘-ha̍k ê hoat-tián kap chhek-liông thó͘-tē, chhú-lí koè-kè , ī-chhek thian-bûn sū-kiāⁿ ū chin bi̍t-chhiat ê koan-hē. In-ūi ū su-iàu, sò͘-ha̍k lāi-té chhú-lí khong-kan , kiat-kò͘ , piàn-tōng ê gián-kiù tō toè leh hoat-tián. Khah lō͘-boé, beh kái-koat sio kap kng ê bûn-tê, sò͘-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k mā khai-sí hoat-tián.
Tû-khì éng-koè chiah-ê gián-kiù ê chú-tê, sò͘-ha̍k kaù taⁿ mā iû-goân it-ti̍t leh chhòng-sin.
Sûn sò͘-ha̍k kap èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k [siu-kái ]
Ū oh kái-koat ê būn-tê tō su-iàu sò͘-ha̍k. Éng-koè chhiūⁿ siong-gia̍p , thó͘-tē chhek-liông , thian-bûn-ha̍k ; hiān-chhú-sî toā-pō͘-hūn ùi chū-jiân kho-ha̍k tit tio̍h lêng-kám, chiâⁿ chē sò͘-ha̍k-ka mā sī bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka . Chhiūⁿ í-chá Newton hoat-tián bî-chek-hun , Richard Feynman hoat-tián Feynman kèng-chek-hun , chit-má thaù-koè chhui-lí kap tùi bu̍t-lí ê chhim-ji̍p liáu-kái, tō hoat-tián chhut hiân-lūn (string theory ).
Ū būn-tê beh kái-koat, gián-kiù siong-koan ê sò͘-ha̍k liáu-aū, tō ē-tit it-ti̍t èng-iōng chiah-ê sò͘-ha̍k. Kā ū kiōng-tông ki-chhó͘ ê sò͘-ha̍k khioh chò-hoé, chi̍t-koá koan-liām ē-tit tha̍h chò-hoé. 19 sè-kí ê sî, tō án-ne kā sò͘-ha̍k hun-chò èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k kap sûn sò͘-ha̍k .
Sò͘-ha̍k hō͘ lâng kám-kak iu-ngá, hoān-sè i ê pún-chit tō sī bí-ha̍k , hoān-sè i pun-sin ū 1 chióng bí-kám , m̄-koh che lóng chin oh bêng-khak piáu-ta̍t. Kán-tan-sèng kap phó͘-phiàn-sèng sī sò͘-ha̍k 2 ê chin tiong-iàu ê te̍k-sek. Chiah-ê khoàⁿ--khí-lâi taù bē chò-hoé ê sèng-chit ū-tang-sî-á ē-tàng kiat-ha̍p, chhiūⁿ kóng kā chi̍t-koá bô kāng hun-ki ê sò͘-ha̍k it-thé-hoà , iah sī hoat-tián ē-sái kiōng-tông kè-sǹg ê ke-si. Sûn sò͘-ha̍k chho͘-chho͘ khoàⁿ ká-ná kan-taⁿ i ê bí-kám ū koá kè-ta̍t, kan-taⁿ sò͘-ha̍k-ka ū chhù-bī. M̄-koh gián-kiù chi̍t-ē chìn-tián liáu-aū, sûn sò͘-ha̍k tiāⁿ ē pìⁿ-chiâⁿ èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k.
Sò͘-ha̍k hû-hō [siu-kái ]
Sò͘-ha̍k ê bûn-chiuⁿ bô kài hó tha̍k. Stephen Hawking 1988 chhut ê Sî-kan kán-sú A Brief History of Time ) lāi-té kan-taⁿ ū 1 tiâu sò͘-ha̍k kong-sek , in-ūi chhut-pán-siong kóng múi 1 tiâu kong-sek tō ē kā siau-lō͘ kàng chi̍t-poàⁿ.
Sò͘-ha̍k-ka chin giâm-keh iau-kiû ài kā siuⁿ beh piáu-ta̍t--ê siá chheng-chhó, chóng--sī sò͘-ha̍k iáu-sī ká-ná hoat-lu̍t tiâu-bûn hiah pháiⁿ tha̍k. Sò͘-ha̍k-ka khok-chhiong chū-jiân gí-giân , ēng tēng kah chin bêng-khak ê sò͘-ha̍k bêng-sû , sò͘-ha̍k hû-hō kap bûn-hoat (gí-hoat ) lâi ta̍t kaù giâm-keh ê bo̍k-phiau. Ū chi̍t-koá bêng-sû chioh ēng phó͘-thong ê bêng-sû, m̄-koh ì-sù bô tī-tāi, chhiūⁿ khoân (ring ), kûn (group ), lūi (category ); ū-ê bêng-sû sī sò͘-ha̍k choan-iōng--ê, chhiūⁿ homotopy , Hilbert khong-kan . Thiaⁿ kóng Henri Poincaré hông soán ji̍p-khì Hoat-kok Gián-kiù-īⁿ (Académie Française ) tō sī beh chhiáⁿ i lâi tēng-gī automorphe
Sò͘-ha̍k kap kho-ha̍k [siu-kái ]
Carl Friedrich Gauss kóng sò͘-ha̍k sī kho-ha̍k ê lú-ông. Sò͘-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka Leon M. Lederman khau-sé kóng bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka kan-taⁿ sūn-thàn sò͘-ha̍k-ka, sò͘-ha̍k-ka kan-taⁿ sūn-thàn Siōng-tè, sui-bóng chiah-nī kò͘-khiam ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka chin oh chhoē.
Sò͘-ha̍k gián-kiù ê hoān-ûi [siu-kái ]
Chá-kî ê sò͘-ha̍k ūi tio̍h siong-gia̍p, chhek-liông, ī-chhek thian-bûn hiān-siōng, hoat-tián kiat-kò͘, khong-kan, piàn-tōng ê gián-kiù, chhiūⁿ tāi-sò͘ (algebra ), kí-hô-ha̍k (geometry ), hun-sek (analysis ). Aū--lâi, tau̍h-tau̍h koh hoat-tián kaù lô-chek , khah kán-tan ê ki-chhó͘ hē-thóng (foundations ), kap khah si̍t-iōng ê èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k (applied mathematics ).
Sò͘-ha̍k chú-iàu ê gián-kiù [siu-kái ]
Chia lia̍t--ê sī khah chú-iàu ê gián-kiù tê-ba̍k. Khah oân-chéng ê gián-kiù chú-tê chhiáⁿ chham-khó sò͘-ha̍k chú-tê lia̍t-toaⁿ .
Sò͘-liōng (Quantity ) [siu-kái ]
Leh chhú-lí sò͘-ba̍k , chi̍p-ha̍p , toā-sè (size ) chit lūi ê būn-tê, kap chaú-chhoē chhú-lí ê hong-hoat.
Sò͘-ba̍k – Chū-jiân-sò͘ – Chéng-sò͘ – pí-sò͘ – Si̍t-sò͘ – Ho̍k-cha̍p-sò͘ – Hypercomplex numbers – Quaternions – Octonions – Sedenions – Hyperreal numbers – Surreal numbers – Ordinal numbers – Cardinal numbers – p Integer sequences – Sò͘-ha̍k tiāⁿ-sò͘ – Number names – Bû-hān – ki-té (Base)]]
Piàn-tōng (Change ) [siu-kái ]
Leh chhú-lí sò͘-ba̍k kap hâm-sò͘ ê piàn-hoà.
Sǹg-siàu (Arithmetic ) – Bî-chek-hun – Hiòng-liōng bî-chek-hun – Hun-sek (Analysis ) – Bî-hun hong-têng (Differential equations ) – Tōng-thài hē-thóng (Dynamical systems ) – Hūn-tūn lí-lūn (Chaos theory ) – Hâm-sò͘ lia̍t-toaⁿ
Kiat-kò͘ (Structure ) [siu-kái ]
Leh chhú-lí toā-sè (size ), tùi-thīn (symmetry ) kap chi̍t-koá sò͘-ha̍k kiat-kò͘ (mathematical structure ) ê būn-tê.
Thiu-siōng tāi-sò͘ – Sò͘-lūn – Tāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k – Kûn-lūn (Group theory ) – Monoids – Hun-sek (Analysis ) – Topology – Soàⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ (Linear algebra ) – Tô͘-lūn (Graph theory ) – Universal tāi-sò͘ (Universal algebra ) – Category theory – Order theory – Measure theory
Khong-kan koan-hē (Spatial relations ) [siu-kái ]
Ē-tàng khoàⁿ ê sò͘-ha̍k.
Topology – Kí-hô-ha̍k – Sa ⁿ-kak-hoatTāi-sò͘ kí-hô-ha̍k – Bî-hun kí-hô-ha̍k – Bî-hun topology (Differential topology ) – Tāi-sò͘ topology (Algebraic topology ) – Soàⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ – Chhùi-hêng kí-hô-ha̍k (Fractal geometry )
Discrete sò͘-ha̍k (Discrete mathematics ) [siu-kái ]
Leh chhú-lí kan-taⁿ ē-tàng 1 ê 1 ê sǹg ê mi̍h-á.
Combinatorics – Native chi̍p-ha̍p-lūn (Naive set theory ) – Kè-sǹg lí-lūn (Theory of computation ) – Bi̍t-bé-ha̍k (Cryptography ) – Tô͘-lūn (Graph theory )
Èng-iōng sò͘-ha̍k (Applied mathematics ) [siu-kái ]
Leh kái-koat hiān-si̍t būn-tê ê sò͘-ha̍k.
Sò͘-ha̍k bu̍t-lí-ha̍k (Mathematical physics ) – Mechanics – Fluid mechanics – Numerical analysis – Optimization – Ki-lu̍t – Thóng-kè-ha̍k – Financial mathematics – Game theory – Mathematical biology – Bi̍t-bé-ha̍k (Cryptography ) – Chu-sìn lí-lūn (Information theory )
Tēng-lí (Theorems ) [siu-kái ]
Che lia̍t chi̍t-koá m̄-sī sò͘-ha̍k-ka mā ē kám-kak sim-sek ê tēng-lí. Oân-chéng ê chu-liāu chhiáⁿ chham-khó Tēng-lí lia̍t-toaⁿ .
Ti̍t-kak tēng-lí (Pythagorean theorem ) – Fermat choè-aū tēng-lí (Fermat's last theorem ) – Gödel's incompleteness theorems – Cantor's diagonal argument – 4 sek tēng-lí (Four color theorem ) – Zorn's lemma – Euler's identity – Church-Turing thesis – Riemann hypothesis – Continuum hypothesis – Central limit theorem – Sǹg-siàu ki-pún tēng-lí (Fundamental theorem of arithmetic ) – Tāi-sò͘ ki-pún tēng-lí (Fundamental theorem of algebra ) – Bî-chek-hun ki-pún tēng-lí (Fundamental theorem of calculus ) – Fundamental theorem of projective geometry – Gauss-Bonnet theorem .
Chhai-chhek (Conjectures ) [siu-kái ]
Che lia̍t chi̍t-koá tng-leh gián-kiù ê būn-tê. Oân-chéng ê chu-liāu chhiáⁿ chham-khó Chhai-chhek lia̍t-toaⁿ .
Goldbach Chhai-chhek – Twin prime conjecture – Collatz conjecture – Poincaré conjecture – classification theorems of surfaces – P=NP
Lēng-goā, ū-ê sò͘-ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi continuum hypothesis kap ZFC bô tī-tāi, bián chhap i; ū-ê khah chek-ke̍k leh gián-kiù.
Ki-chân kap hong-hoat (Foundations and methods ) [siu-kái ]
Leh su-khó sò͘-ha̍k ê pún-chit kap sò͘-ha̍k beh án-choáⁿ gián-kiù.
Philosophy of mathematics – Mathematical intuitionism – Mathematical constructivism – Sò͘-ha̍k ê ki-chân (Foundations of mathematics) – Chi̍p-ha̍p-lūn – Hû-hō lô-chek (Symbolic logic ) – Bô͘-hêng-lūn (Model theory) – Category theory – Lô-chek – Reverse Mathematics – Sò͘-ha̍k hû-hō-pió (Table of mathematical symbols )
Sò͘-ha̍k-sú kap sò͘-ha̍k-ka [siu-kái ]
Chhiáⁿ chham-khó sò͘-ha̍k-sú lia̍t-toaⁿ
Sò͘-ha̍k-sú – Sò͘-ha̍k nî-pió – Sò͘-ha̍k-ka – Fields Chióng – Abel Prize – Millennium Prize Problems (Clay Math Prize) – International Mathematical Union – Mathematics competitions – Lateral thinking – Mathematical abilities and gender issues
Sò͘-ha̍k ê hûn-iáⁿ [siu-kái ]
Sò͘-ha̍k kap kiàn-tio̍k – Sò͘-ha̍k kap kaù-io̍k – Sò͘-ha̍k kap im-ga̍k
Tùi sò͘-ha̍k ê gō͘-kái [siu-kái ]
Sò͘-ha̍k m̄ sī 1 ê sím-mih būn-tê lóng kái-koat tiāu ê hē-thóng, i lāi-té iáu chin chē ài gián-kiù ê būn-tê.
Ké-sò͘-ha̍k khoàⁿ--khí-lâi chhin-chhiūⁿ sò͘-ha̍k, i bô tī ha̍k-su̍t-kài chiap-siū kàm-tok, ū-sî-á koh si sò͘-ha̍k-ka pìⁿ--ê. I thong-siông sī leh thó-lūn khah ū-miâ ê būn-tê, m̄-koh i koh m̄ sī ēng lâng chèng-bêng koè ê lí-lūn chò ki-chân lâi chèng-bêng. Ké-sò͘-ha̍k kap sò͘-ha̍k tō ká-ná ké-kho-ha̍k kap kho-ha̍k chhan-chhiūⁿ. Chit khoán tāi-chì ē lâi hoat-seng ê goân-in ū:
Benson, Donald C., The Moment of Proof: Mathematical Epiphanies , Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (December 14, 2000). ISBN 0-19-513919-4 .
Boyer, Carl B. , A History of Mathematics , Wiley; 2 edition (March 6, 1991). ISBN 0-471-54397-7 . — A concise history of mathematics from the Concept of Number to contemporary Mathematics.
Courant, R. and H. Robbins, What Is Mathematics? : An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods , Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (July 18, 1996). ISBN 0-19-510519-2 .
Davis, Philip J. and Hersh, Reuben , The Mathematical Experience ISBN 0-395-92968-7 .— A gentle introduction to the world of mathematics.
Eves, Howard, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics , Sixth Edition, Saunders, 1990, ISBN 0-03-029558-0 .
Gullberg, Jan, Mathematics—From the Birth of Numbers . W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition (October 1997). ISBN 0-393-04002-X . — An encyclopedic overview of mathematics presented in clear, simple language.
expanded version of a Soviet mathematics encyclopedia, in ten (expensive) volumes, the most complete and authoritative work available. Also in paperback and on CD-ROM, and online [1 ] .
Jourdain, Philip E. B., The Nature of Mathematics , in The World of Mathematics , James R. Newman, editor, Dover, 2003, ISBN 0-486-43268-8 .
Kline, Morris , Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times , Oxford University Press, USA; Paperback edition (March 1, 1990). ISBN 0-19-506135-7 .
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The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology ISBN 0-19-861112-9 .
Pappas, Theoni, The Joy Of Mathematics , Wide World Publishing; Revised edition (June 1989). ISBN 0-933174-65-9 .
Peterson, Ivars, Mathematical Tourist, New and Updated Snapshots of Modern Mathematics , Owl Books, 2001, ISBN 0-8050-7159-8 .
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p i à n - t h é K h o à ⁿ ● T h a ̍ k ● S i u - k á i ● k h o à ⁿ l e ̍ k - s ú
T ō n g - c h o k C h h i a u - c h h o ē S e ̍ h c h ā m ● T h â u - i a ̍ h ● B û n - c h i u ⁿ b o ̍ k - c h h ù ● S û i - c h ā i k é n g i a ̍ h ● S i n - b û n s ū - k i ā ⁿ ● K i à - h ù
P i a n - c h i ̍ p ● S o a t - b ê n g - s u ● S i ā - l í m n ̂ g - c h h ù i - k h á u ● T h ó - l ū n ● C h ò e - k ī n ê k á i - p i à n
K e - s i k h e h - á ● T ó - ū i l i â n k à u c h i a ● S i o n g - k o a n ê k á i - p i à n ● T e ̍ k - s û - i a ̍ h ● Ì n - s o a t p á n - p ú n ● É n g - k i ú l i â n - k i a t ● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n ● Í n - i ō n g c h i t p h i ⁿ b û n - c h i u ⁿ K î - t h a ⁿ ê g í - g i â n ● A f r i k a a n s ● A l e m a n n i s c h ● አ ማ ር ኛ ● A r a g o n é s ● Æ n g l i s c ● ا ل ع ر ب ي ة ● م ص ر ى ● অ স ম ী য ় া ● A s t u r i a n u ● A y m a r a r u ● A z ə r b a y c a n c a ● Б а ш ҡ о р т с а ● B o a r i s c h ● Ž e m a i t ė š k a ● Б е л а р у с к а я ● Б е л а р у с к а я ( т а р а ш к е в і ц а ) ● Б ъ л г а р с к и ● B a h a s a B a n j a r ● ব া ং ল া ● བ ོ ད ་ ཡ ི ག ● ব ি ষ ্ ণ ু প ্ র ি য ় া ম ণ ি প ু র ী ● B r e z h o n e g ● B o s a n s k i ● ᨅ ᨔ ᨕ ᨘ ᨁ ᨗ ● C a t a l à ● C e b u a n o ● C h a m o r u ● ک و ر د ی ● C o r s u ● Q ı r ı m t a t a r c a ● Č e s k y ● K a s z ë b s c z i ● Ч ӑ в а ш л а ● C y m r a e g ● D a n s k ● D e u t s c h ● Z a z a k i ● D o l n o s e r b s k i ● ދ ި ވ ެ ހ ި ބ ަ ސ ް ● Ε λ λ η ν ι κ ά ● E m i l i à n e r u m a g n ò l ● E n g l i s h ● E s p e r a n t o ● E s p a ñ o l ● E e s t i ● E u s k a r a ● E s t r e m e ñ u ● ف ا ر س ی ● S u o m i ● V õ r o ● F ø r o y s k t ● F r a n ç a i s ● N o r d f r i i s k ● F u r l a n ● F r y s k ● G a e i l g e ● 贛 語 ● G à i d h l i g ● G a l e g o ● A v a ñ e ' ẽ ● ગ ુ જ ર ા ત ી ● G a e l g ● H a k - k â - f a ● H a w a i ` i ● ע ב ר י ת ● ह ि न ् द ी ● F i j i H i n d i ● H r v a t s k i ● K r e y ò l a y i s y e n ● M a g y a r ● Հ ա յ ե ր ե ն ● I n t e r l i n g u a ● B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a ● I n t e r l i n g u e ● I g b o ● I l o k a n o ● I d o ● Í s l e n s k a ● I t a l i a n o ● 日 本 語 ● L o j b a n ● B a s a J a w a ● ქ ა რ თ უ ლ ი ● T a q b a y l i t ● Қ а з а қ ш а ● K a l a a l l i s u t ● ភ ា ស ា ខ ្ ម ែ រ ● ಕ ನ ್ ನ ಡ ● 한 국 어 ● К ъ а р а ч а й - м а л к ъ а р ● K u r d î ● К ы р г ы з ч а ● L a t i n a ● L a d i n o ● L ë t z e b u e r g e s c h ● Л е з г и ● L i m b u r g s ● L i g u r e ● L u m b a a r t ● ລ າ ວ ● L i e t u v i ų ● L a t v i e š u ● B a s a B a n y u m a s a n ● М о к ш е н ь ● M a l a g a s y ● О л ы к м а р и й ● М а к е д о н с к и ● മ ല യ ാ ള ം ● М о н г о л ● म र ा ठ ी ● B a h a s a M e l a y u ● M a l t i ● M i r a n d é s ● မ ြ န ် မ ာ ဘ ာ သ ာ ● Э р з я н ь ● N ā h u a t l ● P l a t t d ü ü t s c h ● N e d e r s a k s i e s ● न े प ा ल ी ● न े प ा ल भ ा ष ा ● N e d e r l a n d s ● N o r s k n y n o r s k ● N o r s k b o k m å l ● N o v i a l ● N o u o r m a n d ● D i n é b i z a a d ● O c c i t a n ● ଓ ଡ ଼ ି ଆ ● И р о н ● ਪ ੰ ਜ ਾ ਬ ੀ ● P a n g a s i n a n ● P i c a r d ● प ा ल ि ● P o l s k i ● P i e m o n t è i s ● پ ن ج ا ب ی ● پ ښ ت و ● P o r t u g u ê s ● R u n a S i m i ● R o m â n ă ● A r m ã n e a s h c e ● Р у с с к и й ● Р у с и н ь с к ы й ● स ं स ् क ृ त म ् ● С а х а т ы л а ● S a r d u ● S i c i l i a n u ● S c o t s ● S r p s k o h r v a t s k i / с р п с к о х р в а т с к и ● ස ි ං හ ල ● S i m p l e E n g l i s h ● S l o v e n č i n a ● S l o v e n š č i n a ● G a g a n a S a m o a ● C h i S h o n a ● S o o m a a l i g a ● S h q i p ● С р п с к и / s r p s k i ● S r a n a n t o n g o ● S i S w a t i ● S e e l t e r s k ● B a s a S u n d a ● S v e n s k a ● K i s w a h i l i ● Ś l ů n s k i ● த ம ி ழ ் ● త ె ల ు గ ు ● T e t u n ● Т о ҷ и к ӣ ● ไ ท ย ● T ü r k m e n ç e ● T a g a l o g ● T o k P i s i n ● T ü r k ç e ● X i t s o n g a ● Т а т а р ч а / t a t a r ç a ● У к р а ї н с ь к а ● ا ر د و ● O ʻ z b e k c h a ● V è n e t o ● T i ế n g V i ệ t ● V o l a p ü k ● W i n a r a y ● W o l o f ● 吴 语 ● Х а л ь м г ● י י ִ ד י ש ● Y o r ù b á ● V a h c u e n g h ● 中 文 ● 文 言 ● 粵 語 ● I s i Z u l u ● E d i t l i n k s
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a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y .
S e e T e r m s o f U s e f o r d e t a i l s .
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