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{{short description|Public holiday in Turkey}}
{{expand Turkish|date=April 2024|23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = National Sovereignty and Children's Day
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'''National Sovereignty and Children's Day''' ({{lang-tr|Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı}}) is a [[Public holidays in Turkey|public holiday]] in [[Turkey]] commemorating the foundation of the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]], on 23 April 1920. It is also observed by [[Northern Cyprus]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/ekonomi/2019da-14u-resmi-119-gun-tatil-var-h56202.html |title=2019'da 14'ü resmi, 119 gün tatil var |trans-title=119 days off, including 14 days of public holidays, in 2019 |work=Kıbrıs Gazetesi |language=Turkish |date=December 17, 2018 |accessdate=April 9, 2020}}</ref>
==Background==
23 April is the day that the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] was founded in 1920. The national council denounced the government of the Ottoman Sultan [[Mehmed VI]] and announced a temporary constitution.<ref name="britannica1">{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkey/History#ref44426 |title=The Fundamental Law and abolition of the sultanate |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=April 9, 2020}}</ref> During the [[Turkish War of Independence|War of Independence]], [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]] met in [[Ankara]] and laid down the foundations of a new, independent, secular and modern republic from the ashes of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Following the defeat of the [[Allies of World War I|Allied invasion forces]] on September 9, 1922 and the signing of the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] on July 24, 1923, the Turkish Government started the task of establishing the institutions of a state.<ref name="britannica1"/>
23 April was declared "National Sovereignty Day" on May 2, 1921.<ref name="celepi"/> Since 1927, the holiday has also been celebrated as [[Children's Day]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1219478 |title=Dünden Bugüne 23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı Etkinlikleri |trans-title=April 23 National Sovereignty and Children's Day Events from Past to Today |journal=Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi |language=Turkish |first1=Meryam |last1=Akoğlan Kozak |first2=Dilek |last2=Mutlu |volume=22 |issue=TBMM'nin 100. Yılı ve Millî İrade Özel Sayısı |page=19 |date=November 2020 |accessdate=April 23, 2021}}</ref> Thus, Turkey became the first country to officially declare Children's Day a national holiday.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tc-america.org/issues-information/turkish-history/national-sovereignty-and-childrens-day-678.htm |title=National Sovereignty and Children's Day |publisher=[[Turkish Coalition of America]] |accessdate=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125140656/https://tc-america.org/issues-information/turkish-history/national-sovereignty-and-childrens-day-678.htm |archive-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> In 1981, the holiday was officially named "National Sovereignty and Children's Day."<ref name="celepi">{{cite journal |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1240510 |title=Toplumsal Anımsamanın Millî Bayramlar ile Gerçekleşmesi: 23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı Örneği |trans-title=Social Remembrance with National Holidays: The Case of April 23 National Sovereignty and Children's Day |journal=Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi |language=Turkish |first=Mehmet Surur |last=Çelepi |volume=22 |issue=TBMM'nin 100. Yılı ve Millî İrade Özel Sayısı |page=38 |date=November 2020 |accessdate=April 23, 2021}}</ref>
==Customs==
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