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1600

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1600 (MDC) was a century leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1600th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 600th year of the 2nd millennium, the 100th and last year of the 16th century, and the 1st year of the 1600s decade. As of the start of 1600, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century 16th century 17th century
Decades:	1580s 1590s 1600s 1610s 1620s
Years:	1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603

1600 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1600 MDC
Ab urbe condita	2353
Armenian calendar	1049 ԹՎ ՌԽԹ
Assyrian calendar	6350
Balinese saka calendar	1521–1522
Bengali calendar	1007
Berber calendar	2550
English Regnal year	42 Eliz. 1 – 43 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar	2144
Burmese calendar	962
Byzantine calendar	7108–7109
Chinese calendar	己亥年 (Earth Pig) 4297 or 4090 — to — 庚子年 (Metal Rat) 4298 or 4091
Coptic calendar	1316–1317
Discordian calendar	2766
Ethiopian calendar	1592–1593
Hebrew calendar	5360–5361
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1656–1657
- Shaka Samvat	1521–1522
- Kali Yuga	4700–4701
Holocene calendar	11600
Igbo calendar	600–601
Iranian calendar	978–979
Islamic calendar	1008–1009
Japanese calendar	Keichō5 (慶長5年)
Javanese calendar	1520–1521
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3933
Minguo calendar	312 before ROC 民前312年
Nanakshahi calendar	132
Thai solar calendar	2142–2143
Tibetan calendar	阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1726 or 1345 or 573 — to — 阳金鼠年 (male Iron-Rat) 1727 or 1346 or 574

In the Gregorian calendar, it was the last century leap year until the year 2000.

Events

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January–March

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January 1 – Scotland adopts January 1 as New Year's Day instead of March 25.
January 20 – Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, renews the Nine Years' War (Ireland) against England with an invasion of Munster.^[1]^[2]
January 24 – Sebald de Weert makes the first recorded sighting of the Falkland Islands.^[3]
February 17 – On his way to be burned at the stake for heresy in Rome, Giordano Bruno has his tongue "imprisoned" after he refuses to stop talking.^[4]
February 19 – The Huaynaputina volcanoinPeru erupts, in what is still the worst recorded volcanic eruption.
March 20 – Linköping Bloodbath: Five Swedish nobles are publicly executed by decapitation and Polish–Swedish King Sigismund III Vasaisde facto deposed as ruler of Sweden.

April–June

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April 19 – The first Dutch ship ever to arrive in Japan, the Liefde ("Love"), anchors in Sashifu, in the Bungo Province (modern-day UsukiinŌita Prefecture). The sailors present on this ship are William Adams, Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn, Jacob Quaeckernaeck and Melchior van Santvoort.
May 27 – Michael the Brave becomes ruler of Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia, formally uniting the three Danubian Principalities under one Romanian ruler.
June 5 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, the former Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Chancellor of the University of Dublin, is put on trial in England before a commission of 18 men, after being charged with malfeasance. He is deprived of his main business, a monopoly on sweet wines, and stripped of his noble title. In revenge, he attempts to organize a coup d'etat to overthrow Queen Elizabeth and fails in his plot.
June 9 – Yi Hang-bok becomes the new Chief State Councillor of Korea (the Yeonguijeong), equivalent to a prime minister, after being appointed by King Seonjo to replace Yi San-hae.
June 13 – Barrister Nicholas Fuller is granted the exclusive right in England to manufacture playing cards.^[5]
June 25 – In England, a fire destroys much of the town of North Walsham, Norfolk, burning down 118 homes, 70 shops, and most of the stalls in the market square. The fire is traced to the home of one person who tries to flee town after the blaze begins. Many of the persons left homeless are given shelter at the St Nicholas Church.

July–September

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July 2: Battle of Nieuwpoort.

July 2 – Eighty Years' War (Dutch War of Independence) – Battle of Nieuwpoort: The Dutch Republic gains a tactical victory over the Spanish Empire.^[6]
August 5 – The brothers Alexander Ruthven and John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, are killed during a failed attempt to kidnap or murder King James VI of Scotland at their home.
September 18 – The Battle of Mirăslău takes place within Transylvania as Hungarian troops, backed by the Holy Roman Empire, triumph over the Principality of Wallachia, backed by Poland. Hungarian General Giorgio Basta brings 30,000 men against the 22,000 commanded by Wallachia's ruler Michael the Brave. The Wallachians sustain more than 5,000 dead and wounded.
September 24 – All 130 crew of the Dutch Republic ship Hoop die when the merchantman sinks in a storm while traveling in the Pacific Ocean between the Hawaiian Islands and Japan.^[7] The Liefde, a ship accompanying Hoop, is badly damaged but survives; all but 24 of its crew of more than 100 die from starvation and thirst after drifting more than six months before arriving in Japan on April 19, 1601.

October–December

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October 6 – The première of Jacopo Peri's Euridice, the earliest known fully surviving work of modern opera, takes place in Florence for the wedding of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. Emilio de' Cavalieri stages the production.^[8]
October 8 – The basic legal system for the Republic of San Marino goes into effect during the service of captains regent Girolamo Gozi and Francesco Giannini.
October 20 – Persian diplomats, led by Husayn 'Ali Beg of Persia, and Englishman Anthony Shirley (who serves as translator) arrive in Prague to meet with Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor.^[9]
October 21 – The Battle of Sekigahara occurs in what is now present-day Gifu Prefecture, Japan, where the Eastern Army led by Tokugawa Ieyasu emerges victorious against the Western Army led by Ishida Mitsunari. The battle ends the Sengoku period and grants the Tokugawa clan nominal control over Japan, establishing the Tokugawa shogunate with Tokugawa Ieyasu as shogun.
November 7 – Emperor Rudolf II grants an audience in Prague to Persian diplomats Husayn 'Ali Beg and Anthony Shirley, and present the offer of Persia's King Abbas the Great to supply weapons to the Empire in their fight against the Ottomans.^[9]^[10]
November 15 – Thessaly rebellion: Greek farmers in Thessaly, incited by Bishop Dionysios Skylosophos, begin an uprising against the Ottoman Empire, with violence in an area bounded by Trikala and Karditsa and the surrounding mountains, but the rebellion is suppressed by the Ottomans in a few days. ^[11]
December 31 – The East India Company is granted a Royal charter in the Kingdom of England for trade with Asia.

Date unknown

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Approximate date – The Lutheran orthodox campaign intensifies, to reinforce the Book of Concord.
Caister Castle in England falls into ruin.
Sumo wrestling becomes a professional sport in Japan.
William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 2, Henry V, The Merchant of Venice, A Midsummer Night's Dream and Much Ado About Nothing are published in London.^[2]
William Gilbert publishes De Magnete, one of the first significant scientific books published in England, describing the Earth's magnetic field, and the beginning of modern geomagnetism.
Fabritio Caroso's dance manual Nobiltà de dame is published.