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1944 Quebec general election
This election marked Duplessis's comeback after having defeated Godbout in the 1936 election and having lost to him in the 1939 election . Unlike in the 1939 election, when the alcoholic Duplessis was clearly drunk at numerous campaign rallies, le chef had benefited from the time he had spent in an American sanatorium in 1942-43, where he had sobered up, and in the 1944 election, Duplessis refrained from drinking.
The biggest issue during this election was provincial autonomy. In order to appeal to nationalist voters, Duplessis attacked the incumbent premier, claiming that he was not taking a strong enough stand against Ottawa. He mainly criticized Godbout for agreeing to transfer unemployment insurance from the province to the federal government. He also criticized the Rowell-Sirois Commission for its stance on unemployment insurance and equalization payments .[3 ]
Another reason Duplessis won the election was by appealing to anti-Semitic prejudices in Quebec by making the false claim in a violently anti-Semitic speech that the Dominion government together with the Godbout government had made a secret deal with the "International Zionist Brotherhood" to settle 100,000 Jewish refugees left homeless by the Holocaust in Quebec after the war in exchange for Jewish campaign contributions to both the federal and provincial Liberal parties.[4 ] By contrast, Duplessis claimed that he was not taking any money from the Jews, and if he were elected Premier, he would stop this plan to bring Jewish refugees to Quebec. To further push on the message, the Union Nationale handed out campaign pamphlets warning about the alleged plan to bring 100,000 Jewish refugees to Quebec, which featured a cartoon of the standard stereotype of an evil-looking, hook-nosed Jew handing bags of money to Godbout while in the background a vast horde of dirty, disreputable-looking, hook-nosed Jewish refugees were ready to descend on la belle province .[5 ] Through Duplessis's story about the plan to settle 100,000 Jewish refugees in Quebec was entirely false, his story was widely believed in Quebec, and ensured he won the election.[4 ] Duplessis's biographer Conrad Black argued that Duplessis was in no way personally anti-Semitic, but because the majority of Quebecois were at the time, Duplessis had merely used antisemitism to win the 1944 election.[6 ] Duplessis won another three elections in a row, for a total of five terms of office (four consecutive), before dying in office in 1959.
In this wartime election, Godbout's support for Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in the Conscription Crisis of 1944 may have contributed to his defeat.
The Bloc Populaire won four seats on an anti-conscription platform. More importantly, they siphoned off enough votes from the Liberals to deny them a second term. Even though the Liberals narrowly won the popular vote, massive vote-splitting with the Bloc Populaire allowed the Union Nationals to win a narrow majority of seats.
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (predecessor of the New Democratic Party ) won one seat. Party member David Côté was elected to the legislature, but in July 1945, he decided to sit as an independent.
Redistribution of ridings
edit
An Act passed before the election[7 ] increased the number of MLAs from 86 to 91 through the following changes:
Abolished ridings
New ridings
Drawn from parts of other ridings
Reorganization of ridings
Division of ridings
Campaign
edit
Riding contests, by number of candidates (1944)[8 ]
Candidates
UN
Lib
BP
CCF
UdE
Nat
Ind
I-Lib
Lab
Lab-Pr
I-UN
I-CCF
I-BP
CdP
Total
2
5
4
1
10
3
45
45
40
1
2
1
1
135
4
25
25
24
10
7
5
3
1
100
5
12
12
12
9
3
7
1
2
1
1
60
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
7
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
14
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
8
Total
91
90
80
24
12
2
16
7
2
3
3
1
1
1
333
Results
edit
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1944)[8 ]
Political party
Party leader
MPPs
Votes
Candidates
1939
1944
±
#
±
%
± (pp )
Union Nationale [a 1]
Maurice Duplessis
91
15
48
33
505,661
285,259
38.02
1.11
Liberal
Adélard Godbout
90
69
37
32
523,316
221,934
39.35
14.15
Bloc populaire
André Laurendeau
80
–
4
4
191,564
New
14.40
New
Co-operative Commonwealth
Romuald-Joseph Lamoureux[a 2]
24
–
1
1
33,986
31,473
2.56
2.11
Union des électeurs
12
–
–
–
16,542
New
1.24
New
Action libérale nationale
did not campaign
Other candidates
█ Independent
–
16
1
–
1
12,766
6,485
0.96
0.03
█ Nationalist[a 3] [a 4]
–
2
1
1
8,711
5,637
0.65
0.10
█ Independent-Liberal
–
7
–
–
–
8,656
7,868
0.65
0.51
█ Labour
–
2
–
–
–
8,355
7,945
0.63
0.56
█ Labor–Progressive [a 5]
–
3
–
–
–
7,873
7,714
0.59
0.56
█ Independent-Unionist
–
3
–
–
–
6,775
6,306
0.51
0.43
█ Independent-CCF
–
1
–
–
–
3,015
New
0.23
New
█ Candidat du peuple
–
1
–
–
–
2,583
New
0.19
New
█ Independent-Bloc
–
1
–
–
–
156
New
0.01
New
Total
333
86
91
1,329,959
100%
Rejected ballots
15,552
8,218
Voter turnout
1,345,511
774,880
71.98
5.02
Registered electors[a 6]
1,869,396
1,128,265
Candidates returned by acclamation
–
1
^ René Chaloult was elected in Québec-Comté
^ results compared against performance under the Parti national banner in 1939
^ formerly Communist
^ Electorate expanded on adoption of An Act granting to women the right to vote and to be eligible as candidates , S.Q. 1940, c. 7
Popular vote
PLQ
39.35%
UN
38.02%
BP
14.40%
CCF
2.56%
Others
5.67%
Seats summary
UN
52.75%
PLQ
40.66%
BP
4.40%
CCF
1.10%
Others
1.10%
Synopsis of results
edit
Results by riding - 1944 Quebec general election[8 ] [9 ]
Riding
Winning party
Turnout[a 1]
Votes[a 2]
Name
1939
Party
Votes
Share
Margin #
Margin %
UN
Lib
BP
CCF
UdE
Nat
Ind
I-Lib
Lab
LP
Other
Total
Abitibi-Est
New
Lib
5,410
38.24%
1,434
10.14%
79.76%
3,976
5,410
2,010
889
1,862
–
–
–
–
–
–
14,147
Abitibi-Ouest
New
UN
3,729
38.82%
1,174
12.22%
86.03%
3,729
2,555
1,494
–
1,828
–
–
–
–
–
–
9,606
Argenteuil
Lib
Lib
6,084
61.84%
3,791
38.53%
77.87%
1,461
6,084
2,293
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9,838
Arthabaska
Lib
Lib
5,511
40.80%
33
0.24%
86.01%
5,478
5,511
2,519
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13,508
Bagot
Lib
Lib
3,781
47.78%
127
1.60%
83.39%
3,654
3,781
479
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7,914
Beauce
Lib
BP
5,466
29.30%
164
0.88%
85.91%
5,302
5,099
5,466
–
2,790
–
–
–
–
–
–
18,657
Beauharnois
UN
BP
7,186
45.87%
1,266
8.08%
83.18%
5,920
2,560
7,186
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15,666
Bellechasse
Lib
Lib
4,762
49.72%
545
5.69%
79.16%
4,217
4,762
599
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9,578
Berthier
Lib
Lib
5,138
49.96%
823
8.00%
85.38%
4,315
5,138
832
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10,285
Bonaventure
Lib
UN
6,031
45.03%
1,542
11.51%
73.27%
6,031
1,651
1,223
–
–
–
–
4,489
–
–
–
13,394
Brome
UN
UN
2,860
51.36%
655
11.76%
74.69%
2,860
2,205
503
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5,568
Chambly
Lib
Lib
6,638
42.25%
1,110
7.06%
70.11%
5,528
6,638
2,140
1,406
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15,712
Champlain
Con
UN
7,632
54.41%
2,494
17.78%
81.92%
7,632
5,138
1,258
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14,028
Charlevoix—Saguenay
Lib
UN
11,173
79.17%
8,234
58.35%
59.07%
11,173
–
–
–
–
–
2,939
–
–
–
–
14,112
Châteauguay
New
Lib
3,128
44.55%
839
11.95%
82.05%
2,289
3,128
1,604
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7,021
Chicoutimi
UN
UN
17,752
50.49%
8,906
25.33%
79.12%
17,752
8,846
6,256
–
2,307
–
–
–
–
–
–
35,161
Compton
Lib
Lib
4,566
49.99%
1,729
18.93%
76.38%
2,837
4,566
1,730
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9,133
Deux-Montagnes
UN
UN
3,599
50.78%
1,509
21.29%
79.15%
3,599
2,090
1,313
–
–
–
–
86
–
–
–
7,088
Dorchester
UN
UN
6,887
52.95%
2,215
17.03%
81.21%
6,887
4,672
1,447
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13,006
Drummond
Lib
UN
6,965
42.39%
1,979
12.04%
84.59%
6,965
4,986
4,481
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16,432
Frontenac
Lib
UN
4,599
41.95%
1,307
11.92%
86.18%
4,599
3,292
1,604
–
1,417
–
52
–
–
–
–
10,964
Gaspé-Nord
Lib
UN
3,198
47.31%
539
7.97%
89.13%
3,198
2,659
150
–
–
–
753
–
–
–
–
6,760
Gaspé-Sud
UN
UN
6,090
53.64%
2,600
22.90%
79.13%
6,090
3,490
–
–
–
–
–
1,773
–
–
–
11,353
Gatineau
Lib
Lib
5,471
49.27%
1,592
14.34%
72.78%
3,879
5,471
942
813
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11,105
Hull
Lib
UN
9,051
55.49%
4,084
25.04%
76.66%
9,051
4,967
2,293
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16,311
Huntingdon
Lib
Lib
2,865
54.26%
1,114
21.10%
74.22%
1,751
2,865
664
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5,280
Iberville
Lib
UN
1,910
38.81%
426
8.66%
82.43%
1,910
1,484
956
–
–
–
–
572
–
–
–
4,922
Îles-de-la-Madeleine
UN
UN
2,092
55.49%
414
10.98%
90.09%
2,092
1,678
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3,770
Jacques-Cartier
Lib
Lib
13,349
52.04%
5,208
20.30%
66.89%
8,141
13,349
4,163
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25,653
Joliette
UN
UN
8,652
61.83%
3,655
26.12%
82.60%
8,652
4,997
344
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13,993
Kamouraska
New
Lib
5,175
52.04%
695
6.99%
77.88%
4,480
5,175
289
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9,944
L'Assomption
Lib
UN
3,522
40.02%
368
4.18%
83.98%
3,522
3,154
–
–
–
2,124
–
–
–
–
–
8,800
L'Islet
Lib
Lib
4,834
55.14%
902
10.29%
81.25%
3,932
4,834
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8,766
Labelle
UN
UN
5,517
66.18%
3,678
44.12%
78.83%
5,517
1,839
796
–
–
–
184
–
–
–
–
8,336
Lac-Saint-Jean
Lib
Lib
3,718
38.07%
109
1.12%
89.49%
3,609
3,718
1,944
–
495
–
–
–
–
–
–
9,766
Laval
Lib
Lib
11,642
35.22%
2,511
7.60%
62.20%
7,648
11,642
9,131
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4,632
33,053
Laviolette
Lib
UN
7,455
55.04%
3,342
24.67%
79.48%
7,455
4,113
1,785
192
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13,545
Lévis
Lib
UN
8,101
45.94%
921
5.22%
79.79%
8,101
7,180
2,352
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17,633
Lotbinière
Nat
Lib
4,472
41.74%
812
7.58%
83.46%
3,660
4,472
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2,583
10,715
Maisonneuve
Lib
UN
10,584
32.50%
51
0.16%
65.05%
10,584
10,533
8,245
1,380
–
–
–
–
1,824
–
–
32,566
Maskinongé
Lib
UN
4,475
54.98%
1,340
16.46%
85.85%
4,475
3,135
530
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8,140
Matane
UN
UN
8,684
64.07%
4,130
30.47%
85.30%
8,684
4,554
316
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13,554
Matapédia
Lib
UN
4,979
45.14%
678
6.15%
82.20%
4,979
4,301
1,548
–
–
–
201
–
–
–
–
11,029
Mégantic
Lib
UN
9,713
57.22%
2,450
14.43%
87.36%
9,713
7,263
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16,976
Missisquoi
Lib
Lib
5,515
57.25%
3,044
31.60%
77.26%
2,471
5,515
1,647
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9,633
Montcalm
Lib
UN
3,079
45.30%
926
13.62%
81.66%
3,079
2,153
1,565
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6,797
Montmagny
Lib
Lib
4,781
55.87%
1,004
11.73%
73.39%
3,777
4,781
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8,558
Montmorency
Lib
Lib
3,764
48.42%
1,052
13.53%
80.89%
2,712
3,764
168
–
1,130
–
–
–
–
–
–
7,774
Montréal–Jeanne-Mance
Lib
Lib
11,662
36.45%
1,570
4.91%
64.25%
6,859
11,662
10,092
2,897
–
–
485
–
–
–
–
31,995
Montréal-Laurier
Lib
BP
9,540
34.62%
647
2.35%
62.08%
8,350
8,893
9,540
438
–
–
–
–
–
–
333
27,554
Montréal-Mercier
Lib
Lib
12,977
39.78%
1,566
4.80%
63.23%
11,411
12,977
8,235
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
32,623
Montréal–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
Lib
Lib
20,140
78.13%
17,709
68.70%
56.62%
699
20,140
1,070
2,431
–
–
1,437
–
–
–
–
25,777
Montréal-Outremont
Lib
Lib
17,704
77.18%
15,540
67.74%
56.32%
1,417
17,704
2,164
–
–
–
1,654
–
–
–
–
22,939
Montréal–Saint-Henri
Lib
UN
9,569
36.34%
288
1.09%
61.13%
9,569
9,281
4,752
2,732
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
26,334
Montréal–Saint-Jacques
Lib
UN
11,400
43.11%
1,504
5.69%
56.06%
11,400
9,896
3,860
1,285
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
26,441
Montréal–Saint-Louis
Lib
Lib
9,754
40.72%
2,881
12.03%
60.04%
2,890
9,754
2,421
1,241
–
–
773
–
–
6,873
–
23,952
Montréal–Sainte-Anne
Lib
Lib
13,180
56.61%
8,711
37.42%
53.68%
4,469
13,180
1,659
3,974
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23,282
Montréal–Sainte-Marie
Ind
UN
9,299
35.34%
1,607
6.11%
57.94%
9,299
7,692
6,766
1,090
–
–
–
521
–
944
–
26,312
Montréal-Verdun
Lib
Lib
8,793
36.62%
2,754
11.47%
64.06%
2,899
8,793
3,263
6,039
–
–
–
–
–
–
3,015
24,009
Napierville-Laprairie
New
UN
3,665
41.47%
415
4.70%
79.39%
3,665
3,250
1,922
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8,837
Nicolet
Lib
UN
5,639
44.48%
708
5.58%
78.54%
5,639
4,931
2,107
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12,677
Papineau
UN
UN
8,842
60.71%
4,773
32.77%
78.58%
8,842
4,069
1,654
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14,565
Pontiac
Lib
Lib
3,667
48.29%
882
11.62%
71.40%
2,785
3,667
–
1,141
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7,593
Portneuf
Lib
UN
6,489
39.04%
1,550
9.32%
80.70%
6,489
4,879
4,939
160
–
–
–
–
–
–
156
16,623
Québec-Centre
Lib
Lib
8,755
52.47%
2,817
16.88%
69.10%
5,938
8,755
1,487
290
–
–
216
–
–
–
–
16,686
Québec-Comté
Lib
Nat
6,587
34.79%
363
1.92%
79.17%
6,120
6,224
–
–
–
6,587
–
–
–
–
–
18,931
Québec-Est
Lib
Lib
7,370
31.13%
839
3.54%
74.85%
5,734
7,370
2,832
169
986
–
–
–
6,531
56
–
23,678
Québec-Ouest
Lib
Lib
6,006
54.35%
2,505
22.67%
69.70%
3,501
6,006
1,365
179
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11,051
Richelieu
New
Lib
7,636
55.98%
4,292
31.46%
77.73%
3,344
7,636
2,661
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
13,641
Richmond
Lib
UN
5,626
45.03%
282
2.26%
81.48%
5,626
5,344
1,525
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12,495
Rimouski
Lib
UN
7,437
51.73%
1,417
9.86%
79.93%
7,437
6,020
920
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14,377
Rivière-du-Loup
New
Lib
7,061
50.37%
901
6.43%
84.20%
6,160
7,061
797
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14,018
Roberval
Lib
UN
6,071
42.86%
708
5.00%
85.57%
6,071
5,363
1,509
–
1,222
–
–
–
–
–
–
14,165
Rouville
Lib
UN
3,529
45.46%
17
0.22%
84.13%
3,529
3,512
722
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7,763
Rouyn-Noranda
New
CCF
2,100
21.03%
250
2.50%
75.46%
1,643
1,753
1,850
2,100
1,411
–
14
1,215
–
–
–
9,986
Saint-Hyacinthe
Lib
UN
5,962
44.97%
995
7.50%
70.64%
5,962
4,967
1,716
–
–
–
614
–
–
–
–
13,259
Saint-Jean
New
UN
5,525
55.33%
1,804
18.07%
79.91%
5,525
3,721
739
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9,985
Saint-Maurice
Lib
UN
9,933
51.86%
5,219
27.25%
82.65%
9,933
4,317
4,714
189
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
19,153
Saint-Sauveur
Lib
Lib
8,796
45.88%
1,590
8.29%
79.02%
7,206
8,796
1,189
172
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,810
19,173
Shefford
Lib
UN
6,473
42.85%
1,297
8.59%
80.97%
6,473
5,176
2,916
–
541
–
–
–
–
–
–
15,106
Sherbrooke
UN
UN
10,559
52.03%
3,649
17.98%
74.64%
10,559
6,910
2,825
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20,294
Stanstead
Lib
BP
3,522
29.16%
404
3.34%
75.40%
3,118
2,785
3,522
–
553
–
2,100
–
–
–
–
12,078
Témiscamingue
Lib
UN
2,225
34.50%
335
5.19%
80.35%
2,225
1,890
1,486
848
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6,449
Témiscouata
Lib
UN
4,326
48.88%
734
8.29%
83.40%
4,326
3,592
933
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8,851
Terrebonne
Lib
UN
11,471
49.16%
1,040
4.46%
82.65%
11,471
10,431
1,432
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23,334
Trois-Rivières
UN
UN
12,576
66.74%
7,258
38.52%
80.41%
12,576
5,318
950
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18,844
Vaudreuil-Soulanges
Lib
Lib
4,714
46.00%
351
3.43%
79.46%
4,363
4,714
1,170
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10,247
Verchères
New
Lib
4,036
62.78%
2,203
34.27%
76.97%
1,833
4,036
560
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6,429
Westmount–Saint-Georges
Lib
Lib
14,271
75.74%
12,340
65.49%
45.27%
1,296
14,271
–
1,931
–
–
1,344
–
–
–
–
18,842
Wolfe
Lib
UN
3,478
46.74%
61
0.82%
88.07%
3,478
3,417
546
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7,441
Yamaska
UN
UN
4,166
62.93%
2,201
33.25%
77.43%
4,166
1,965
489
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6,620
^ including spoilt ballots
^ Affiliations without candidates gaining 1st or 2nd place results provincewide, or otherwise not receiving more than 1% of the total vote, are grouped under "Other"
= open seat
= turnout is above provincial average
= winning candidate was in previous Legislature
= incumbent had switched allegiance
= not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature
= incumbency arose from byelection gain
= previously incumbent in another riding
= other incumbents renominated
= previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada
= multiple candidates
Effect of redistribution
edit
The reorganized ridings returned the following MLAs:
Analysis
edit
Resulting composition of the 22nd Quebec Legislative Assembly[9 ]
Source
Party
UN
Lib
BP
CCF
Nat
Total
Seats retained
Incumbents returned
13
24
37
Open seats held
1
6
7
Seats changing hands
Incumbents defeated - by previous incumbent
10
10
Incumbents defeated - by new MPPs
6
4
10
Open seats gained - previous incumbents returned
7
7
Open seats gained - new MPPs
7
1
8
Byelection gains held
1
1
Incumbent switched riding
1
1
New ridings
Incumbent returned in new seat
1
2
3
Previous member of Legislature reelected
1
1
MP migrated from Parliament of Canada
1
1
New MPP elected
1
3
1
5
Total
48
37
4
1
1
91
References
edit
^ Sarra-Bournet, Michel. "Biography - DUPLESSIS, MAURICE LE NOBLET" . Dictionary of Canadian Biography .
^ a b Knowles, Valerie Strangers at Our Gates: Canadian Immigration and Immigration Policy, 1540-2006 , Toronto: Dundun Press, 2007 page 149.
^ Abella, Irving & Troper, Harold None is too many: Canada and the Jews of Europe, 1933-1948 , Toronto: L & O Denny, 1986 page 162.
^ Black, Conrad Duplesisis , Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1977 page 719
^ An Act respecting the Electoral Districts of the Province , S.Q. 1944, c. 6
^ a b c d e Drouilly, Pierre (December 4, 2017). "Élections québécoises de 1944" . donneesquebec.ca . Atlas des élections au Québec.
^ a b "Les membres de l'Assemblée nationale par circonscription" [National Assembly members by riding] (in French). National Assembly of Quebec . Retrieved September 13, 2023 .
See also
edit
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1944_Quebec_general_election&oldid=1226804822 "
L a s t e d i t e d o n 1 J u n e 2 0 2 4 , a t 2 2 : 5 8
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● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 J u n e 2 0 2 4 , a t 2 2 : 5 8 ( U T C ) .
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