In 1975 several notable events happened in spaceflight such as the launch and arrival at VenusofVenera 9 and 10, the launch to Mars of the Viking orbiter/landers missions, the joint Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, and the launch of satellite Aryabhatta.
Orbital launches | |
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First | 10 January |
Last | 27 December |
Total | 132 |
Catalogued | 125 |
National firsts | |
Satellite | India |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1AR Delta 3000 Diamant-BP4 Long March 2C N-I Scout F-1 Titan III(34)B |
Retirements | Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A Delta 1000 Diamant-BP4 Saturn IB Scout F-1 |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 4 |
Suborbital | 1 |
Total travellers | 9 |
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Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
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Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
January | |||||||
10 January 21:43:37 |
Soyuz | Baikonur Site 1/5 | |||||
Soyuz 17 | Low Earth (Salyut 4) | Salyut expedition | 19 February 11:03 |
Successful | |||
Crewed flight with two cosmonauts, first mission to Salyut 4 | |||||||
February | |||||||
March | |||||||
April | |||||||
5 April 11:04:54 |
Soyuz | Baikonur Site 1/5 | |||||
Soyuz 7K-T #39 | Intended: Low Earth (Salyut 4) | Salyut expedition | 11:26 | Launch failure | |||
Crewed flight with two cosmonauts, first and second core stages failed to separate, flight aborted and crew returned on suborbital trajectory | |||||||
9 April 23:58:02 |
Delta 1410 | Vandenberg SLC-2W | NASA | ||||
GEOS-3 | NASA | Low Earth | Geodesy | In orbit | Successful | ||
19 April | Kosmos-3M | Kapustin Yar | Soviet Interkosmos programme | ||||
Aryabhatta | ISRO | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy, aeronomics, and solar physics studies | 11 February 1992 | Launch success, payload partial failure | ||
First Indian satellite; payload failed 4–5 days after launch | |||||||
May | |||||||
7 May 22:45:01 |
Scout F-1 | San Marco mobile range, Kenya | CRS | ||||
SAS 3 | NASA | Low Earth | X-ray astronomy | 9 April 1979 | Successful | ||
24 May 14:58:10 |
Soyuz | Baikonur Site 1/5 | |||||
Soyuz 18 | Low Earth (Salyut 4) | Salyut expedition | 26 July 14:18 |
Successful | |||
Crewed flight with two cosmonauts, final mission to Salyut 4 | |||||||
June | |||||||
July | |||||||
15 July 14:58:10 |
Soyuz-U | Baikonur Site 1/5 | |||||
Soyuz 19 | Low Earth (Apollo) | International docking | 21 July 10:50 |
Successful | |||
Crewed flight with two cosmonauts, Soviet contribution to the Apollo Soyuz Test Project | |||||||
15 July 19:50:01 |
Saturn IB | Kennedy LC-39B | NASA | ||||
Apollo | NASA | Low Earth (Soyuz 19) | International docking | 24 July 21:18 |
Successful | ||
DM-2 | NASA | Low Earth (Apollo) | Docking adaptor | 2 August | Successful | ||
Crewed flight with three astronauts, American contribution to the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, final flight of the Apollo programme and the Saturn rocket | |||||||
August | |||||||
20 August 21:22:00 |
Titan IIIE | Cape Canaveral LC-41 | |||||
Viking 1 Orbiter | NASA | Areocentric | Mars orbiter | In orbit | Successful | ||
Viking 1 Lander | NASA | Areocentric | Mars lander | 20 July 1976 11:53:06 |
Successful | ||
Lander landed in Chryse Planitia, becoming the first US spacecraft to land on Mars. It operated until 11 November 1982 when communications were lost due to an erroneous command being sent to the spacecraft. Orbiter was deactivated on 17 August 1980. | |||||||
September | |||||||
9 September 18:39:00 |
Titan IIIE | Cape Canaveral LC-41 | |||||
Viking 2 Orbiter | NASA | Areocentric | Mars orbiter | In orbit | Successful | ||
Viking 2 Lander | NASA | Areocentric | Mars lander | 3 September 1976 22:58:20 |
Successful | ||
Lander landed in Utopia Planitia and operated until its batteries failed on 11 April 1980. Orbiter was deactivated on 25 July 1978. | |||||||
October | |||||||
16 October 22:40:00 |
Delta 2914 | Cape Canaveral SLC-17B | NASA | ||||
GOES 1 | NOAA | Geostationary | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | ||
First operational geostationary weather satellite. Deactivated on March 7, 1985 | |||||||
November | |||||||
December |
|
Date | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
16 March | Mariner 10 | 3rd flyby of Mercury | Closest approach: 327 kilometres (203 mi) |
20 October | Venera 9 | Cytherocentric orbit insertion | First orbiter of Venus |
22 October | Venera 9 lander | Venerian landing | Landed at 05:13 UTC; first images from Venus surface |
23 October | Venera 10 | Cytherocentric orbit insertion | |
25 October | Venera 10 lander | Venerian landing | Landed at 05:17 UTC |
Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
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