718

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	7th century 8th century 9th century
Decades:	690s 700s 710s 720s 730s
Years:	715 716 717 718 719 720 721

718 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	718 DCCXVIII
Ab urbe condita	1471
Armenian calendar	167 ԹՎ ՃԿԷ
Assyrian calendar	5468
Balinese saka calendar	639–640
Bengali calendar	125
Berber calendar	1668
Buddhist calendar	1262
Burmese calendar	80
Byzantine calendar	6226–6227
Chinese calendar	丁巳年 (Fire Snake) 3415 or 3208 — to — 戊午年 (Earth Horse) 3416 or 3209
Coptic calendar	434–435
Discordian calendar	1884
Ethiopian calendar	710–711
Hebrew calendar	4478–4479
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	774–775
- Shaka Samvat	639–640
- Kali Yuga	3818–3819
Holocene calendar	10718
Iranian calendar	96–97
Islamic calendar	99–100
Japanese calendar	Yōrō2 (養老2年)
Javanese calendar	611–612
Julian calendar	718 DCCXVIII
Korean calendar	3051
Minguo calendar	1194 before ROC 民前1194年
Nanakshahi calendar	−750
Seleucid era	1029/1030 AG
Thai solar calendar	1260–1261
Tibetan calendar	阴火蛇年 (female Fire-Snake) 844 or 463 or −309 — to — 阳土马年 (male Earth-Horse) 845 or 464 or −308

By place

edit

Byzantine Empire

edit

Spring – A Muslim supply fleet of 760 ships under Sufyan arrives from Egypt and North Africa, concealing itself along the Asiatic shore. The Byzantines learn of the fleet's location from defecting Christian Egyptian sailors. Emperor Leo III sends the Byzantine navy again; his Greek fire ships destroy the enemy vessels in the Sea of Marmara and seize their supplies on shore, denying the sieging army vital provisions.^[1] On land the Byzantine troops ambush an advancing Arab army, and destroy it in the hills around Sophon, south of Nicomedia (modern Turkey).^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] The Arab besiegers are still suffering from hunger and pestilence.
August 15 – Siege of Constantinople: A Bulgar relief force attacks the siege linesatConstantinople, on the west side of the Bosporus. Contemporary chroniclers report that at least 22,000–32,000 Arabs are killed during the Bulgarian attacks. Caliph Umar II is forced to lift the siege after 13 months; the Muslim army attempts to withdraw back through Anatolia, while the rest escapes by sea in the remaining vessels. The Arab fleet suffers further casualties to storms, and an eruption of the volcanoofThera.^[6] According to Arab sources 150,000 Muslims perish during the campaign.^[7]

Western Europe

edit

Battle of Soissons: King Chilperic IIofNeustria and his mayor of the palace Ragenfrid, allied with Eudes, independent duke of Aquitaine, march on SoissonsinPicardy (northern France) but an army of Frankish veterans under Charles Martel defeat the Neustrian allies, who sue for peace. Chilperic flees to the land south of the River Loire and Ragenfrid escapes to Angers. Charles diplomatically chooses not to execute the enemy leaders, and becomes undisputed dux Francorum, ending the Frankish civil war.
Summer – Battle of Covadonga: Pelagius (Don Pelayo) is proclaimed king (caudillo), and defeats the Umayyad forces under Munuza, provincial governor of Asturias, at Picos de Europa (near Covadonga). This marks the beginning of the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula. He founds the Kingdom of Asturias, and establishes a military base at Cangas de Onís (northwest of Spain)^[8] (or 722).
King Liutprand of the Lombards builds a close alliance with Charles Martel, and attacks the Bavarian castles on the River Adige, maintaining strategic control of the Alpine passes in the Italian Alps (approximate date).

Britain

edit

King Coenred of Northumbria dies after a 2-year reign. The throne is seized by Osric, probably a younger brother, or half-brother, of the late king Osred I.
Former queen CuthburhofNorthumbria, abbess of Wimborne, dies at her abbey and is buried there (approximate date).

By topic

edit

Religion

edit

The Wessex-born missionary Boniface sets out for Frisia a second time. He travels to Rome, where Pope Gregory II sends him on a mission to convert the SaxonsinLower Saxony (modern-day Germany).
Hugh of Champagne, cousin of Charles Martel, enters the monasteryofJumièges (Normandy), and embraces the religious life as abbot.

^ John Cairns, "Road to Manzikert" (2012). Byzantine Warfare in an Age of Crisis and Recovery (Chapter 3), p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1

^ Guilland, Rodolphe (1959). "L'Expedition de Maslama contre Constantinople (717–718)". Études byzantines (in French). Paris: Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Paris: 122. OCLC 603552986.

^ Mango, Cyril; Scott, Roger (1997). The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor. Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 546. ISBN 0-19-822568-7.

^ Lilie, Ralph-Johannes (1976). Die byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. Studien zur Strukturwandlung des byzantinischen Staates im 7. und 8. Jhd (in German). Munich: Institut für Byzantinistik und Neugriechische Philologie der Universität München. pp. 130–131.

^ Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 348. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.

^ Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. pp. 347–349. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.

^ Haldon, John F. (1990). Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture. Revised Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-521-31917-1.

^ David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 17). ISBN 978-184603-230-1