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Aerial stem modifications are modifications to the aerial stems ,[1 ] vegetative buds and floral buds of plants growing in different conditions and which perform functions such as climbing, protection, support, synthesis of food, or vegetative propagation .[2 ] [3 ] Aerial stem structures that undergo modifications to perform these special functions include tendrils , thorns , hooks, phylloclade , tuberous stems , and bulbils .[4 ] [5 ] [6 ] The auxiliary or the terminal part of the modified structures shows their stem nature .[7 ]
Grapevine tendrils and leaves.
Thorns.
Cladodes.
Tendrils
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Thorns
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Bulbils
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When the axillary bud becomes fleshy and rounded due to the storage of food, it is called a bulb .[20 ] It gets detached from the plant, falls on the ground, and develops into a new plant. e.g. Dioscorea .[21 ] It is in the axil (the space between the leaf and stem).[22 ]
Cladode
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These are green branches of limited growth (usually one internode long) that have taken up the functions of photosynthesis.[23 ] True leaves are reduced to scales or spines , e.g. Asparagus .[24 ]
References
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^ Rubber budding & vegetative propagation . [s.n.] 1920. doi :10.5962/bhl.title.152642 .
^ "Tuberous Medicinal Plants of India: Biology and Biotechnology" , Bulbous Plants , CRC Press, pp. 319–345, 2016-04-19, doi :10.1201/b16136-20 , ISBN 9780429167904 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ "Stellar Tendrils" , After and Before the Lightning , University of Arizona Press, p. 97, 2022-08-16, doi :10.2307/j.ctv2vt022b.162 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ "phylloclade, n." , Oxford English Dictionary , Oxford University Press, 2023-03-02, doi :10.1093/oed/7789702023 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ DeWitt, Natalie; Baker, Monya (2007-06-07). "Welcome to Nature Reports Stem Cells" . Nature Reports Stem Cells . doi :10.1038/stemcells.2007.2 . ISSN 1754-8705 .
^ Hickey, Michael; King, Clive (2000-11-16). The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521794015 .
^ "Data S1: Additional Cissus quadrangularis chromosome images" . doi :10.7717/peerj.8201/supp-1 .
^ Adam, Albert (2012), "Vitis vinifera sylvestris et Vitis vinifera vinifera" , In Vino Veritas , Presses de l’Université de Montréal, pp. 15–16, doi :10.4000/books.pum.7865 , ISBN 9782760630994 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ Paniagua-Zambrana, Narel Y.; Bussmann, Rainer W.; Romero, Carolina (2020), "Passiflora caerulea L. Passiflora edulis L. Passiflora ligularis Juss. Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H. Bailey Passiflora punctata L. Passiflora quadrangularis L. Passifloraceae", Ethnobotany of the Andes , Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–15, doi :10.1007/978-3-319-77093-2_221-1 , ISBN 978-3-319-77093-2 , S2CID 241468632 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ Shoji, Toshihiro; Breuer, Christopher; Shinoka, Toshiharu (2020), "Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts for Children" , Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts , Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 533–548, doi :10.1007/978-3-030-05336-9_19 , ISBN 978-3-030-05335-2 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ "6309 terminal bud [n ]" , Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning , Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, p. 1018, 2010, doi :10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_14594 , ISBN 978-3-540-76455-7 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ "Duranta" . CABI Compendium . 2022-01-07. doi :10.1079/cabicompendium.20191 . Retrieved 2023-09-23 .
^ "POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum)(Punica granatum)" , Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook , Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, p. 1032, 2008, doi :10.1007/978-1-4020-4585-1_2421 , ISBN 978-1-4020-4584-4 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ Seybold, A. (1929), "Energetische Messungen der pflanzlichen Transpiration" , Die physikalische Komponente der Pflanzlichen Transpiration , Vienna: Springer Vienna, pp. 129–157, doi :10.1007/978-3-7091-9851-3_3 , ISBN 978-3-7091-9604-5 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ Rojas-Sandoval, Julissa (2020-11-09). "Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea)" . doi :10.1079/isc.9640.20203482916 . S2CID 242373786 . Retrieved 2023-09-23 .
^ "POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum)(Punica granatum)" , Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook , Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, p. 1032, 2008, doi :10.1007/978-1-4020-4585-1_2421 , ISBN 978-1-4020-4584-4 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ "Carissa carandas (caranda (plum))" . CABI Compendium . 2022-01-07. doi :10.1079/cabicompendium.13652 . S2CID 253991500 . Retrieved 2023-09-23 .
^ Bickle, Ian (2014-02-15), "Phthisis bulbi", Radiopaedia.org , doi :10.53347/rid-27686 , S2CID 239989681
^ "YAM, CINNAMON-VINE (Dioscorea)Cinnamon-Vine (Dioscorea)" , Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook , Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, p. 1143, 2008, doi :10.1007/978-1-4020-4585-1_2758 , ISBN 978-1-4020-4584-4 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ Schulenburg, Axel; Marian, Brigitte (2012-07-15), "Normal and Neoplastic Stem Cells" , Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine , Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, doi :10.1002/3527600906.mcb.201100020 , ISBN 978-3527600908 , retrieved 2023-09-23
^ Hickey, Michael; King, Clive (2000-11-16). The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms . Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521794015 .
^ "ASPARAGUS (Asparagus officinalis)(Asparagus officinalis)" , Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook , Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, p. 734, 2008, doi :10.1007/978-1-4020-4585-1_1522 , ISBN 978-1-4020-4584-4 , retrieved 2023-09-23
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerial_stem_modification&oldid=1224300268 "
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