Aventurine is a form of quartzite, characterised by its translucency and the presence of platy mineral inclusions that give it a shimmering or glistening effect termed aventurescence.
The most common color of aventurine is green, but it can also be orange, brown, yellow, blue, or grey. Chrome-bearing fuchsite (a variety of muscovite mica) is the classic inclusion and gives a silvery green or blue sheen. Oranges and browns are attributed to hematiteorgoethite. Because aventurine is a rock, its physical properties vary: its specific gravity may lie between 2.64–2.69 and its hardness is somewhat lower than single-crystal quartz at around 6.5.[citation needed]
Aventurine feldsparorsunstone can be confused with orange and red aventurine quartzite, although the former is generally of a higher transparency. Aventurine is often banded and an overabundance of fuchsite may render it opaque, in which case it may be mistaken for malachite at first glance.[citation needed]
The name aventurine derives from the Italian "a ventura" meaning "by chance". This is an allusion to the lucky discovery of aventurine glassorgoldstone at some point in the 18th century. One story is that this kind of glass was originally made accidentally at Murano by a workman, who let some copper filings fall into the molten "metal", whence the product was called avventurino. From the Murano glass the name passed to the mineral, which displayed a rather similar appearance.[1] Although it was known first, goldstone is now a common imitation of aventurine and sunstone. Goldstone is distinguished visually from the latter two minerals by its coarse flecks of copper, dispersed within the glass in an unnaturally uniform manner. It is usually a golden brown, but may also be found in blue or green.[citation needed]
The majority of green and blue-green aventurine originates in India (particularly in the vicinity of Mysore and Chennai) where it is employed by prolific artisans. Creamy white, gray and orange material is found in Chile, Spain and Russia. Most material is carved into beads and figurines with only the finer examples fashioned into cabochons, later being set into jewellery.[citation needed]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aventurine". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 54.
