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B minor

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B minor is a minor scale based on B, consisting of the pitches B, C♯, D, E, F♯, G, and A. Its key signature has two sharps. Its relative majorisD major and its parallel majorisB major.

B minor
${ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \key b \minor s16 \clef F \key b \minor s^"" }$
Component pitches
Relative key	D major
Parallel key	B major
Dominant key	F-sharp minor
Subdominant	E minor
B, C♯, D, E, F♯, G, A

The B natural minor scale is:

${ \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \key b \minor \time 7/4 b^"B natural minor scale" cis d e fis g a b a g fis e d cis b2 \clef F \key b \minor } }$

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The B harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

${ \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \key b \minor \time 7/4 b^"B harmonic minor scale" cis d e fis g ais b ais g fis e d cis b2 } }$

${ \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \key b \minor \time 7/4 b^"B melodic minor scale (ascending and descending)" cis d e fis gis ais b a? g? fis e d cis b2 } }$

Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (1739–1791) regarded B minor as a key expressing a quiet acceptance of fate and very gentle complaint, something commentators find to be in line with Bach's use of the key in his St John Passion.^[1] By the end of the Baroque era, however, conventional academic views of B minor had shifted: Composer-theorist Francesco Galeazzi (1758–1819)^[2] opined that B minor was not suitable for music in good taste. Beethoven labelled a B-minor melodic idea in one of his sketchbooks as a "black key".^[3]

Scale degree chords

Notable compositions in B minor

Johann Sebastian Bach
- Mass in B minor

Orchestral Suite No. 2, BWV 1067

Prelude and Fugue in B minor, BWV 544

French Suite No. 3, BWV 814

Partita No. 1 in B minor, BWV 1002

Flute Sonata in B minor, BWV 1030

Ludwig van Beethoven

Bagatelle Op. 126/4
Allegretto WoO 61 for piano

Charles Auguste de Bériot

Violin Concerto No. 2 in B Minor, Op. 32

Piano sonata, Op. 1

Johannes Brahms

Ballade (Intermezzo) Op. 10/3
Capriccio Op. 78/2
Rhapsody Op. 79/1
Clarinet Quintet, Op. 115
Intermezzo Op. 119/1

Alexander Borodin

Symphony No. 2
Sonata for cello and piano

Frédéric Chopin

Scherzo No. 1, Op. 20
Étude, Op. 25, No. 10
Prelude in B minor "Tolling Bells", Op. 28, No. 6
Piano Sonata No. 3, Op. 58
Mazurka Op. 30/2
Mazurka, Op. 33/4
Waltz, Op. 69, No. 2

Gaetano Donizetti

String Quartet No. 16

Antonín Dvořák

Cello Concerto, Op. 104

Violin Concerto

Prélude, Choral et Fugue, FWV 21

Johann Nepomuk Hummel

Piano Concerto No. 3, Op. 89

Symphony No. 5, Op. 106

Piano Sonata, S. 178
Ballade No. 2, S. 171

Felix Mendelssohn

String Symphony No. 10 in B minor, MWV N 10

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Adagio, K. 540

Niccolò Paganini

Violin Concerto No. 2, Op. 7

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Moments musicaux No. 3, Op. 16
Prelude in B minor, Op. 32, No. 10
Études-Tableaux No. 4 in B minor, Op. 39

Camille Saint-Saëns

Violin Concerto No. 3, Op. 61

Domenico Scarlatti

12 of his 555 piano sonatas: K 27, 87, 173, 197, 227, 293, 376, 377, 408, 409, 497, 498

Symphony No. 8 (Unfinished), D. 759
Rondo in B minor for violin and piano, D. 895

Alexander Scriabin

Fantaisie in B minor, Op. 28

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Georg Philipp Telemann

Antonio Vivaldi

Trio Sonata Op. 1/11
Violin Sonata, Op. 2/5
Concerto for violin Op. 3/10
Violin Sonata, Op. 5/4
Violin Concerto for four violins Op. 9/12

See also

References

Notes

^ Tusa 1993, pp. 2–3, n. 5.

^ Galeazzi 1817, p. ^{[page needed]}.

^ Tusa 1993, p. 2, n. 3.

Sources

Galeazzi, Francesco (1817). Elementi teorico-pratici di musica con un saggio sopra l'arte di suonare il violino analizzata, ed a dimostrabili principi ridotta. Ascoli. See also Francesco Galeazzi, The Theoretical-Practical Elements of Music, Parts III and IV; English translation, with introduction and commentary, by Deborah Burton and Gregory W. Harwood (Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2012); ISBN 978-0-252-03708-5.
Tusa, Michael C. (1993). "Beethoven's 'C-Minor Mood': Some Thoughts on the Structural Implications of Key Choice". In Christoph Reynolds (ed.). Beethoven Forum. Vol. 2. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803239098.

External links

Media related to B minor at Wikimedia Commons

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