The BanjarorBanjarese (basa Banjar; jaku Banjar, Jawi: باس بنجر) is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to Banjar regions— in the southeastern KalimantanofIndonesia. The Banjarese language is the de facto lingua franca for various indigenous community especially in South Kalimantan, as well as Central Kalimantan (notably in Seruyan Regency and Sukamara Regency) and East Kalimantan in general.
| Banjarese | |
|---|---|
| basa Banjar jaku Banjar باس بنجر | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | |
| Ethnicity | Banjarese |
Native speakers | L1: 4,127,124 (2010 census)[1] L1 & L2: ~10,650,000 |
| |
Standard forms | Standard Banjarese |
| Dialects | |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority | |
| Regulated by | Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bjn |
| Glottolog | banj1241 |
| Linguasphere | 31-MFA-fd |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by little Banjarese diaspora abroad (such as in Brunei, Malaysia (notably in Sabah and Perak), and Singapore); however, they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their fluency degree is questionable.
There are at least three divisions of dialects within the Banjarese language:
According to Cense,[6] the Banjar Hulu dialect are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in the South Hulu Sungai Regency and North Hulu Sungai Regency regions.
The consonantal inventory of Banjarese language is shown below. All but [ʔ] occur at the onset of a syllable:[7]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | (ʔ) |
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
Sudarmo finds five monophthongs:[7]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | (ə) | o |
| Open | a |
Durasid finds three monophthongs and three diphthongs in Pahuluan Banjarese:[2]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Open | a |
Regionally, /a/ has an allophone [ə] and /u/ has an allophone [ɔ]. The diphthongs are /ai/, /au/, /ui/. Loans with /e/ or /o/ are assimilated to these three vowels. E.g. kréték is realized as [karitik]. However, since most Banjarese speakers are effectively bilingual, this realization becomes rarer.
The standard alphabet is as follows:[8]
| Alphabet | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | b | c | d | é | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | ny | ng | o | p | r | s | t | u | w | y |
| Phonetic value | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | tʃ | d | ɛ | ɡ | h | i | dʒ | k | l | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | o | p | r | s | t | u | w | j |
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