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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at [[:it:Caltagirone]]; see its history for attribution.{{Translated|it|Caltagirone}} to the talk page. |
Caltagirone (Italian: [kaltadʒiˈroːne]; Sicilian: Cartaggiruni [kaɾtaddʒɪˈɾuːnɪ, katta-]orCaltaggiruni; Latin: Calata Hieronis) is an inland city and municipality (Italian: comune) in the Metropolitan City of Catania, on the island (and region) of Sicily, Southern Italy, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Catania.
Caltagirone
Cartaggiruni (Sicilian)
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| Città di Caltagirone | |
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Coat of arms | |
Location of Caltagirone  | |
  Caltagirone Location of Caltagirone in Italy Show map of Italy Caltagirone Caltagirone (Sicily) Show map of Sicily | |
| Coordinates: 37°14′15″N 14°30′45″E / 37.23750°N 14.51250°E / 37.23750; 14.51250 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Sicily |
| Metropolitan city | Catania (CT) |
| Frazioni | Albanazzo, Colleggiata (Collegiata), Favarella, Granieri, Mulino Buongiovanni, Piano Carbone, Piano San Paolo, Rangasia, San Basilio – Casa Prete, San Mauro, Santo Pietro, Serra Fornazzo, Signore del Soccorso, Villa Gravina, Villa Grazia |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Fabio Roccuzzo (centre-left coalition) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 382 km2 (147 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 608 m (1,995 ft) |
| Population
(30 June 2017)[2]
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| • Total | 38,391 |
| • Density | 100/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Calatini or Caltagironesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code |
95041, 95040
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| Dialing code | 0933 |
| Patron saint | St. James |
| Saint day | July 25 |
| Website | Official website |
| Part of | Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily) |
| Criteria | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(v) |
| Reference | 1024rev-001 |
| Inscription | 2002 (26th Session) |
| Area | 22.9 ha (2,460,000 sq ft) |
| Buffer zone | 47.86 ha (5,152,000 sq ft) |
It is the fifth most populous municipality of the Metropolitan City, behind Catania, Acireale, Misterbianco and Paternò. Alongside Catania, it is the only town that has a tribunal seat in the former province. Since 1987, the comune has obtained the City title, through a presidential act. After Caltanissetta, it is the second-most populous comune in Central Sicily.
The town is a production centerofpottery, particularly maiolica and terra-cotta wares. Contemporary production is more and more oriented to artistic production of ceramics and terra-cotta sculptures. Other activities are mainly related to agriculture (production of grapes, olives, peaches), third-sector activities, light industry and tourism.
The city's name derives from the Arabic qalʿat al-jirār (قلعة الجرار, "castle of [pottery] jars") – a name that attests to the antiquity of the local pottery works and to Arab influence in the area before 1000 CE. are still thriving. Concerning the name etymology, there are other hypothesis, that could refer to the Greek or Genoan past of the town, or also to something concerning the land or the surrounding area.
The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times, as shown by the presence of two necropolises dating from the second millennium BCE, and by numerous other archaeological finds. It was later inhabited by the Sicels, a people who predated Roman occupation and control.
Inside the municipal area, there's the archaeological area of Monte San Mauro, dug by archaeologist Paolo Orsi during the early 20th century, where there was found an inhabited area with a cult area and a necropolis: it would be likely a Leontinoi subcolony, the Chalcidian town of Euboia, despite some scientists think it would be also the case of a Colony under Gela rule, because of the important closure between the archaeological area and the Geloan Fields.
During the Middle Age, Arabs built a castle here; in 1030 it was attacked by Ligurian troops under the Byzantine general George Maniakes. The current town's Sicilian dialect continues to have traces of Ligurian language. The city flourished under the Norman, Hohenstaufen and Aragonese domination, becoming a renowned center for production of ceramics.
The city was almost completely destroyed by the earthquake of 1693. Many public and private buildings were reconstructed in a Sicilian Late-Baroque style. The city has an array of architectural resources and, together with the surrounding territory, is protected by the UNESCO World Heritage program.
During unification struggles, on May 29, 1860, the town was looted by the Bourbon army led by general Gaetano Afan de Rivera; they were fleeing from the Garibaldini forces towards Catania.[3]
During the first part of the 20th century, the town was a stronghold of Italian Christian democracy movement, due to the presence of renowned politician Luigi Sturzo, Italian People's Party founder. Later, the town produced such nationwide politicians as Italian Prime minister Mario Scelba, and Sicilian president Silvio Milazzo.
Before and after this period, Caltagirone saw the building of many monuments in Art Nouveau style: some examples are the Saint Julian church portal, the Officine Elettriche (it could be translated as Electrical Factories), some nobles' palaces (for example Palazzo della Magnolia) and the Vittorio Emanuele's Post office.
During the World War II, the town was one of the earliest Operation Husky checkpoints, in which there were all of the three Ally contingents (US, Canada and UK). Also, it was the final theatre of the Indepentist season, specifically the area of San Mauro; there, the Royal Carabinieri and the Concetto Gallo-ruled EVIS had a battle, won by the Italian army.
After this period, the town experienced, during the rest of the 20th century, some oscillations concerning overall population, remaining between 36,000 and 39,000 inhabitants; meanwhile, the town dramatically sprawled, increasing its urban area, and developing its own suburban area, that has both suburban features and countryside ones.
Today, Caltagirone is a mid-tier Sicilian town. It is one of the 25 most populous towns in Sicily, and one of the 250 most populous in Italy.
The municipality borders with Acate (RG), Gela (CL), Grammichele, Licodia Eubea, Mazzarino (CL), Mazzarrone, Mineo, Mirabella Imbaccari, Niscemi (CL), Piazza Armerina (EN) and San Michele di Ganzaria.[4]
Its hamlets (frazioni) are Albanazzo, Colleggiata (or Collegiata), Favarella, Granieri, Mulino Buongiovanni, Piano Carbone, Piano San Paolo, Rangasia, San Basilio – Casa Prete, San Mauro, Santo Pietro, Serra Fornazzo, Signore del Soccorso, Villa Gravina and Villa Grazia.
This section is written like a travel guide. Please help improve the section by introducing an encyclopedic style or move the content to Wikivoyage. (January 2022)
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A collection of ancient and modern pottery and terra-cotta, dating to the Magna Grecia period, is shown in the local Museum of Pottery. The museum was created in 1965.
The main landmark of the city is the 142-step monumental Staircase of Santa Maria del Monte, built from 1608 in the old part of the town. Each step is decorated with different hand-decorated ceramics, using styles and figures derived from the city's millennial tradition of pottery making. Once a year, on and around the day of the city's patron saint, (St. James, 25 July), the staircase is illuminated with candles of different colours. They are arranged to create an artistic display of several tens of meters.
Religious buildings include:
Caltagirone, during the latest decades, built some partnerships and sisterhoods with certain cities around the world, for cultural, social and historical reasons and purposes. Currently, the town has the following ones:
Mdina, Malta
San Francisco, USA (California)
Arnsberg, Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)
Bethlehem, Palestine
Kallikrateia, Greece
Abbadia Larana, Italy (Lombardy)
(x a j h) Caltagirone on OpenStreetMap
