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Chamalal (also called Camalal or Chamalin) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 500 ethnic Chamalals. It has three quite distinct dialects, Gadyri, Gakvari, and Gigatl.[3]
| Chamalal | |
|---|---|
| чамалалдуб мичӏчӏ (çamalaldub miçʿçʿ) | |
| Native to | North Caucasus |
| Region | Southwestern Dagestan[1] |
| Ethnicity | Chamalal people |
Native speakers | 5,171 (2020)[2] |
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cji |
| Glottolog | cham1309 |
| ELP | Chamalal |
Chamalal is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) | |
Chamalal is spoken in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by indigenous Chamalals since the 8th or 9th century. The ethnic population is approximately 5,000, with around 500 speakers.[2] The language has a 6b (threatened) status.
The approximately 500 ethnic speakers live in eight villages in the Tsumadinsky District on the left bank of the Andi-Koisu river in the Dagestan Republic and in the Chechnya Republic. The speakers are mostly Muslim, primarily following Sunni Islam since the 8th or 9th century.
There are no countries with Chamalal as an official language.
Chamalal has three distinct dialects: Gadyri (Gachitl-Kvankhi), Gakvari (Agvali-Richaganik-Tsumada-Urukh), and Gigatl (Hihatl). There are also two more dialects: Kwenkhi, Tsumada.
Gigatl (Hihatl) and Chamalal proper (with Gadyri, Gakvari, Tsumada and Kwenkhi dialects) are considered to be sublanguages.
Chamalal is an unwritten language. Avar and Russian are used in school, and Avar is also used for literary purposes.
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