Dadeng Subdistrict (Chinese: 大嶝街道; pinyin: Dàdèng Jiēdào) is a group of three islands under the de facto administration of the People's Republic of China as part of Xiang'an District of Xiamen in southern Fujian, but is also claimed by the Republic of China and historically constituted as an insular subdistrict in Kinmen County (Quemoy).[4][5][6][7]
Dadeng Subdistrict
大嶝街道 (Chinese) Tateng | |
---|---|
View of Jiaoyu from Mashan Broadcasting and Observation Station, Jinsha, Kinmen (Quemoy) | |
Coordinates: 24°34′16″N 118°19′6″E / 24.57111°N 118.31833°E | |
Administered by | ![]() |
Claimed by | ![]() |
PRC Province | Fujian |
Sub-provincial city | Xiamen |
District | Xiang'an |
Village-level divisions | 9 residential communities |
Established | 2005 |
Area | |
• Total | 13.2 km2 (5.1 sq mi) |
Population | |
• Total | 18,328 |
• Density | 1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Disputed island | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Administration | |
PRC Province | Fujian |
Sub-provincial city | Xiamen |
District | Xiang'an |
Claimed by | |
ROC Province | Fujian |
County | Kinmen |
Dadeng Subdistrict | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese | 大嶝街道 | ||||||||
|
History
edit(labelled as 大嶝㠘 and 小嶝㠘)
From the Song Dynasty to the early Republican China period, the area was part of Xiangfeng Li (翔風里).[8]: 99
In 1914, the present-day Dadeng Subdistrict area became part of Xiamen's Siming County.[8]: 99
In 1915, the present-day Dadeng Subdistrict area became part of Kinmen County (Quemoy).[8]: 99 [9]
Japan occupied Kinmen County (Quemoy) during the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945. During this period, the county government was moved to Dadeng.[9]
The islands have been under PRC control since October 9[10] or October 15, 1949[6] initially as part of Nan'an County.[8]: 99 On the day of Qingming Festival in 2005, a monument to the more than 300 PLA soldiers who died during the struggle was erected on Dadeng Island.[11]
In the lead-up to the Battle of Kuningtou in late October 1949, the PLA gathered forces in Aotou (澳頭) (in Xindian, Xiamen), Dadeng (Tateng) and Lianhe (Lienho) (蓮河) (then part of Nan'an County, now also in Xindian).[6][12]
Dadeng District (大嶝區) was established in 1949.[2]
On September 3, 1954, fourteen 120mm and 155mm Chinese Communist artillery in Xiamen (Amoy) and Dadeng (Tateng) fired six thousand rounds at the Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands in a five-hour period. Two Americans of the US Military Assistance Advisory Group, Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Medendorp and Lieutenant Colonel Frank Lynn,[13] were killed in the shelling. On the morning of September 5, three carriers, a cruiser and three destroyers from the United States Seventh Fleet were standing by, patrolling the Taiwan Strait (Formosa Strait) a few miles from Kinmen (Quemoy). On September 7, the Chinese Nationalists responded to the attack with a seventy-six plane air raid on coastal mainland targets, claiming to destroy five of fourteen Chinese Communist artillery pieces, with (ROC) damaged sustained to only three Nationalist planes or (PRC) six Nationalist planes downed and twenty-five damaged. Beijing (Peiping) reported at least sixty deaths as a result of Nationalist bombing. Taipei reported, "great fires at storage points, hundred of junks sunk, and blows at Communist troop concentrations".[14]
In November 1955, a 6,300-foot causeway between Dadeng Island (Tateng Island) and the mainland was under construction by the PRC. On November 28, 1955, Chinese Nationalist 155mm howitzers fired 240 rounds at the causeway. Communist artillery responded with 680 rounds. No major damage was reported.[15][16]
In the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958, Dadeng was one of the areas from which PLA forces shelled Kinmen County (Quemoy), Republic of China (Taiwan).[6]
In 1958, Dadeng District became Dadeng Combat Zone Commune (大嶝战地公社).[2] During the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958, the islands were designated by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as the "Hero's Triangle"[17] (英雄三島[1][18]).
In January 1971, Dadeng Combat Zone Commune (along with Xiaodeng and Liuhe) became a part of Tong'an County (later Tong'an District).[2][19][8]: 99
In 1984, Dadeng Combat Zone Commune became Dadeng Township.[2]
In 1991, Dadeng Township became Dadeng Town.[2]
In October 2002, the government of Dadeng Town was moved from Tianqian Village to Xitian (西田).[2]
At the end of 2002, Dadeng was designated a Taiwan Tourism Trade Zone (对台旅游商贸区).[2]
In 2003, Dadeng Town became a part of Xiang'an District.[2]
In September 2005, Dadeng Town became Dadeng Subdistrict.[1][2]
In 2019, plans for a building an airport on Dadeng Island by 2020 involved doubling the size of the island.[20]
Geography
editDadeng Subdistrict is made up of offshore islands and islets including:[1][8][21]
- Dadeng[3] (Tateng,[15][16][22] Twalin[23]) (大嶝岛)
- Xiaodeng[3] (Hsiaoteng,[22] Town I.,[23] Siao Deng[24]) (小嶝岛)
- Jiaoyu[3]/Jiao Yu[25] (Chiao I.,[26] Reef I.[23] 角屿)
- Baihajiao (白蛤礁/白哈礁)
Dadeng (大嶝[5][27]/大嶝島[6]), Xiaodeng (小嶝[5][27]/小嶝島[6]) and Jiaoyu (角嶼[5][27][6]) were part of Kinmen County in Republican China and are claimed by modern Kinmen County, Republic of China (Taiwan).[5][6] The islands have been under PRC control since October 9[10] or October 15, 1949.[6]
At low tide, the coast near Mashan (馬山) in northern Jinsha Township, Kinmen County (Quemoy), ROC (Taiwan) is 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) from Jiaoyu. Rock-filled waters make passage between the two areas difficult.[28]
Administrative divisions
editDadeng Subdistrict administers nine residential communities:[2][29][8]: 94
See also
editReferences
edit大嶝街道位于厦门市翔安区东南部,隔海北与南安市石井镇毗邻,
南与金门岛相对,西南与厦门岛相望,由大嶝、小嶝、角屿三个岛屿组
成,总人口约2.6万人,土地面积13.2平方公里,海岸线25.
15公里,{...}大嶝,于1958年 "八·二三"炮战中被国
务院、中央军委授予"英雄三岛"称号,入编民政部︽中国名镇︾目录。
{...}2005年9月,撤销大嶝镇建制,设立大嶝街道办事处。
{...}2002年底中共厦门市市委九届五次全委会通过的︽厦门
市加快海湾型城市建设实施纲要︾,明确把大嶝确定为对台旅游商贸区。
{...}一方面加快大嶝战地旅游设施建设,另一方面开辟了"游三
岛、登白哈、看金门"的旅游航线,组建了一支豪华舒适的旅游船队。(二)^ abcdefghijkl大嶝街道 [Dadeng Subdistrict] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 18 December 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
面积13.2
平方千米。常住人口18328人︵2010年六普︶。辖9个社区。
{...}1996年,面积13.5平方千米,人口1.9万人,辖
田墘、山头、蟳窟、嶝崎、双沪、阳塘、北门、东埕、小嶝9个行政村。
{...}︻2013年代码及城乡分类︼350213001:~0
01 112田墘社区 ~002 112山头社区 ~003 11
2蟳窟社区 ~004 112嶝崎社区 ~005 111双沪社区
~006 112阳塘社区 ~007 112北门社区 ~008
112东埕社区 ~009 112小嶝社区︻原大嶝镇代码350
213112︼(三)^ abcdeWANG WENJIE (12 August 2009). "Letting Go of the Past". Beijing Review. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
Located in the sout
heast waters of Xiamen's Xiang'
an District, the Dadeng Isles a
re comprised of three islands—D
adeng, Xiaodeng and Jiaoyu. Kno
wn as the Three-Hero Islands, t
hey cover an area of 13.2 squar
e kilometers, with a population
of approximately 20,000 people.(四)^ 05-19 臺灣島嶼面積 [Location and Area of Islands in Taiwan]. Ministry of the Interior (in Chinese (Taiwan) and English). Retrieved 20 October 2019.
05-19 金門縣島嶼
及面積 Area of Islands in Kinmen C
ounty 區域別 Locality 面積(平方公里) Are
a (km2){...}外圍島嶼 Offshore Islet{.
..}大嶝 Dadeng 22.7500 小嶝 Xiaoden
g 3.3100 角嶝 Jiaodeng 2.4400{...}
資料來源‥金門縣政府。 Source‥ Kinmen Coun
ty Government. 附 註‥ 1.大嶝、小嶝、角嶝目
前由中國大陸管轄,烏坵鄉由金門縣政府代管。 2.總面積151.
656平方公里(不含大小嶝角嶝,含烏坵1.2平方公里),部分無
人島未列入。 Remark‥ 1.Dadeng, Xiaode
ng, Jiaodeng are governed by Ma
inland China, Wuqiu belongs to
other county but mandated by Ki
nmen County Government. 2.Total
Area of Kinmen is 151.656 km2(
Exclude Dadeng, Xiaodeng, Jiaod
eng, Include Wuqiu 1.2 km2), so
me unmanned islands and reefs a
re not listed.(五)^ abcde行政面積. 金門縣政府民政處 Civil Affairs Department, Kinmen County Government (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 29 January 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
外圍 島嶼 面積單位‥ (平方公里︶
大嶝 22.7500 小嶝 3.3100 角嶼 2.4400
{...}附記 本縣縣境總面積153.011平方公里。 (不含
中共管轄之大小嶝、角嶼)(六)^ abcdefghi臺灣歷史地圖 增訂版. [Taiwan Historical Maps, Expanded and Revised Edition] (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Taipei: National Museum of Taiwan History. February 2018. pp. 154, 158–9. ISBN 978-986-05-5274-4.
古寧頭戰役地圖1949年10月 大嶝島
︵原屬金門縣︶1共軍佔領大嶝、小嶝、角嶼10.15 小嶝島︵原
屬金門縣︶角嶼{...}大嶝島 小嶝島 角嶼3共軍集結澳頭、大
嶝、蓮河 澳頭 蓮河{...}大嶝島{...}共軍主要砲兵陣地
{...}2共軍加強沿海戰力,國軍進入緊急戰備狀態 1958.
7.15(七)^ Vivien Kim, ed. (2003). Taiwan. Insight Guides. APA Publications. p. 222. ISBN 978-981-234-966-8 – via Internet Archive.
K
inmen is actually an archipelag
o of 15 islands. Three of them,
however, are controlled by Chi
na, and only two of the Taiwan-
controlled islands - Kinmen mai
n island and Hsiao Kinmen (Litt
le Kinmen) - are open to touris
m.(八)^ abcdefg同安县地方志编纂委员会, ed. (October 2000). 同安县志 上册 [Tong'an County Annals, Part 1 of 2] (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. pp. 94, 99. ISBN 7-101-02729-6.
宋至民国初期属翔风里。
民国3年起划归思明县︵今厦门市︶,次年由思明县划归金门县。{..
.}原翔风里一部分,1915年起属金门县。1949年9月起属南
安县,1971年划归同安县(Note: Two maps at the front of this book (namely, 同安县政区图 (Tong'an Xian Zheng Qu Tu, 'Map of the Administrative Divisions of Tong'an County') and 同安县地势图 (Tong'an Xian Dishi Tu, 'Topographical Map of Tong'an County')) show the county boundaries of what was then Tong'an County to include a sliver of maritime areas east of PRC-administered Jiaoyu (角屿) including areas that are north and northeast of ROC-administered Cao Islet in Kinmen County and south of Nan'an and Jinjiang.) (九)^ ab"kinmen awareness". 8 December 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
Long belonging to the admi
nistration of Tungan Prefecture
of Fujian Province, Kinmen had
begun its county administratio
n since 1915.{...}In 1937, the
County Government was moved to
Dadeng for battle and it was la
ter returned to Kinmen after th
e victory in 1935.(十)^ ab建治沿革. 泉州市人民政府 [Quanzhou City People's Government] (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 10 August 2019.
民国26年4月,南安县治徙溪美。10月,日
本侵略军攻陷金门岛及烈屿,金门县政府迁到大嶝乡。{...}19
49年8月24日,福建省人民政府(省会福州)成立。8、9月间,南
安、永春、惠安、晋江、安溪相继解放。9月, 全省划为八个行政督
察区。9月9日,第五行政督察专员公署成立,辖晋江、南安、同安、
惠安、安溪、永春、仙游、莆田、金门(待统一)等九县。公署设晋江
县城(今泉州市区)。10月9日,金门县大嶝岛、小嶝岛及角屿解放。
{...}1970年{...}6月18日,福建省革命委员会决定实
行。于是,全区辖有泉州市及晋江、惠安、南安、同安、安溪、永春、
德化、金门(待统一)八县。同年12月25日,划金门县大嶝公社归同安
县管辖。{...} (11)^ 各界代表大嶝纪念烈士. 国防教育·爱国主义教育 (in Simplified Chinese). 1 October 2014. Archived from the original on 11 August 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
据介绍,建成于2005年清明节的
翔安区大嶝浔堀村的这座烈士陵园,是为了纪念1949年解放大嶝岛
牺牲的300多位烈士而兴建的。(12)^ Sebastien Roblin (26 February 2017). "Taiwan's Tanks Managed to Do What Hitler's Mighty Panzers Failed to Do at Normandy". The National Interest. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
Calculating
that the Republic of China forc
es had only eleven thousand tro
ops on Kinmen island, the PLA a
ssembled nineteen thousand troo
ps on the mainland and Dadeng I
sland for the assault.(13)^ "Kinmen unveils monument in honor of US officer". Taipei Times. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
The Kinmen Defe
nse Command (KDC) unveiled a ce
notaph on Tuesday to commemorat
e the late Lieutenant Colonel F
rank Lynn of the US, who died i
n a Chinese artillery bombardme
nt on Sept. 3, 1954, on Kinmen.
{...}It was placed next to the
cenotaph of Lieutenant Colonel
Alfred Medendorp, which was ins
talled at the wharf in August 1
992. Medendorp was killed in th
e same bombing.(14)^ "THE CHINESE OFFSHORE ISLANDS". CIA. 8 September 1954. pp. 15, 17–18. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
C. Disposition of Communis
t Troops and Weapons Chinese Na
tionalist sources report that f
ourteen 120 and 155mm Communist
guns have been active from Tat
eng and Amoy Islands, and claim
to have destroyed five of thes
e in air attacks since 6 Septem
ber.{...}B. The 3 September Bom
bardment On 3 September Communi
st artillery, located near Amoy
and on the Tateng Islands, she
lled the northern and western s
ides of Big Quemoy, saturated L
ittle Quemoy, and hit at Nation
alist naval vessels at anchor a
long the west coast of Big Quem
oy and between the Quemoys and
Tatan Islands. Six thousand rou
nds of 120mm and 155mm artiller
y were poured in during a five-
hour barrage. The shelling was
unexpectedly accurate and later
reports say that the Communist
pinpointing was due to Communi
st agents on Quemoy who directe
d the Communist shelling. Two A
mericans of the US Military Ass
istance Advisory Group were kil
led in the shelling; Nationalis
t personnel losses have not bee
n revealed. Several small Natio
nalist naval vessels were damag
ed; at least one was sunk. C. A
merican and Nationalist Reactio
n Reaction was quick. By the mo
rning of 5 September, three car
riers, a cruiser and three dest
royer divisions of the Seventh
Fleet were standing by, patroll
ing the waters in the Formosa S
traits at a distance of several
miles from Quemoy; and Nationa
list naval and air forces began
to strike at targets on the ma
inland coast in an effort to kn
ock out enemy artillery and dis
rupt any Communist attempt to a
ssemble an invasion force. D. R
esults of Nationalist Raids The
Nationalists report that a 76-
plane air strike on 7 September
destroyed 5 of 14 Communist ar
tillery positions, and that onl
y three Nationalist planes were
damaged. The Taipei press has
made large claims, probably exa
ggerated, of great fires at sto
rage points, hundred of junks s
unk, and blows at Communist tro
op concentrations. Peiping Radi
o admits that at least 60 perso
ns in the vicinity of Amoy have
been killed by Nationalist bom
bing. Mainland artillery is sai
d to have shot down at least si
x Nationalist planes and damage
d about 25 others. Peiping on 8
September declared that "anger
is aroused" among the Fukien p
opulace.(15)^ ab"IMPLICATIONS OF US-CHICOM GENEVA DEADLOCK". CIA. 29 November 1955. p. 6. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
2. {redacted}ChiComs
are building a causeway to link
Tateng Island, the Communist t
erritory nearest Quemoy, to mai
nland. 3.{redacted}several thou
sand troops (recently arrived i
n Amoy from Shanghai) will be g
arrisoned on Tateng after the c
auseway is completed (in next t
wo months).(16)^ ab"CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN". CIA. 1 December 1955. p. 6. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
Aft
er a lull of several weeks in a
rtillery duels in the Quemoy ar
ea, Chinese Nationalist 155mm h
owitzers on 28 November fired 2
40 rounds at a causeway which t
he Chinese Communists are const
ructing between the mainland an
d Tateng Island, four to five m
iles north of Quemoy. Communist
artillery responded with 680 r
ounds. No major damage was repo
rted. {redacted} 2. The Chinese
Communists began constructing
the 6,300-foot causeway to Tate
ng apparently in early November.
Such a link with the mainland
would facilitate supply of Comm
unist military positions on Tat
eng. Communist artillery now on
the island is believed to incl
ude only 76mm guns, but 122mm o
r larger weapons could take any
point on Quemoy under fire.{re
dacted}(17)^ Charlie Campbell (24 January 2017). "Donald Trump Could Be Starting a New Cold War With China. But He Has Little Chance of Winning". Time. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
China's State Counc
il designated Xiaodeng and two
neighboring islands — Da Deng a
nd Jiao Yu — a "Hero's Triangle
" in 1958, owing to their front
-line positions. Less than two
miles separate Xiaodeng from Ki
nmen. That's considerably less
than the 90 miles from Cuba to
Key West, and even narrower tha
n the 2.5-mile Korean DMZ. The
peoples of Taiwan and Fujian pr
ovince, to which Xiaodeng belon
gs, may have been politically e
stranged for over half a centur
y, but they share a culture, a
cuisine and the Hokkien group o
f dialects.(18)^ 英雄三岛"霸王花"——中国守岛女兵传奇. China Internet Information Center (in Simplified Chinese). 7 August 2002. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
坐
落在厦门同安的大嶝、小嶝、角屿三岛曾因1958年炮击金门而赢得
"英雄三岛"的美誉,如今这里早已是一片和平景象,然而在大嶝岛仍
有独特的女民兵哨所。(19)^ 南安市历史沿革 [Nan'an City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 12 July 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
19
71年1月,将大、小嶝及莲河划归同安县。(20)^ Sim Chi Yin (4 March 2019). "Dubai Has Palm Islands, But China Has a Sun, Moon, and Flower". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
Xiamen, a p
rosperous port city on China's
southeast coast across a strait
from Taiwan, plans to double t
he size of a 13-sq.-km island c
alled Dadeng to build a second
airport. While Chinese media sa
y the airport is due to be oper
ational by 2020, local official
s said in February that the cen
tral government has yet to appr
ove it. The photo on the left s
hows layers of black bags of sa
nd that form a cofferdam—an enc
losure built within a body of w
ater to allow the enclosed area
to be pumped out. On the right,
the site of the future airport.(21)^ 魅力翔安. 厦门市翔安区人民政府 PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENT OF XIANG'AN XIAMEN (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 9 August 2019.
翔安区设立于2003年10月19日。
陆地总面积420平方公里,海域面积134平方公里,下辖一街︵大
嶝街道︶、四镇︵新店、马巷、内厝和新圩︶,{...}大嶝岛 小
嶝岛 角屿 白蛤礁(22)^ ab"CHINESE COMMUNIST ORDER OF BATTLE, EAST CHINA COAST". CIA. 14 August 1950. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
2. The 11 Artillery
Regiment is at Ningpo. The 12
and 13 Artillery Regiments move
d to South Fukien, and are in T
ateng (118-20, 24-35) and Hsiao
teng (118-25, 24-35) Islands an
d Amoy respectively.(23)^ abcdefg"NG 50-15 HSIA-MEN". Washington, D. C.: Army Map Service. 1954 – via Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection.
Ch'i-k
'ou-hsia T'ien-ch'ien 双沪 Shuang
-hu 陽塘 Yang-t'ang Ta-teng Tao (
Twalin) Hsiao-teng (Town I.) Ch
iao Hsü (Reef I.)(24)^ 新辰 陳 (11 July 2016). "1607 金門 馬山觀測所 馬山觀測站 馬山播音站 地下坑道 還我河山 望遠鏡瞭望 金門國家公園 台灣金門旅遊53". Flickr. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
小嶝 Siao De
ng(25)^ Jiao Yu (Approved - N) atGEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (26)^ DeWitt Copp; Marshall Peck (1962). The Odd Day. New York City: William Morrow & Company. p. 8 – via Internet Archive.
Chia
o I.(27)^ abc金門縣統計月報 中華民國一Ο六年十二月份 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 金門縣政府主計處. pp. 5, 6, 8. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
極 北 大嶝田墘 東 經 118 19 6 北 緯
24 34 16{...}區 域 別 面 積 ( 平方公里 )
佔 總 面 積 百 分 比(%){...} 外 圍 島 嶼
大 嶝 22.7500 16.92 小 嶝 3.3100 1.
82 角 嶼 2.4400 1.34{...}說 眀‥1.本縣
縣境總面積153.0110平方公里(不含中共管轄之大小嶝、角嶼)
。{...}說 眀‥外圍島嶼土地面積不含中共管轄之大嶝、小嶝及
角嶼。(28)^ 金沙鎮-鄉鎮特色. 金門縣金沙鎮公所 Jinsha Township Administration, Kinmen County (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 29 May 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
金沙鎮之馬山為距離大陸最近之地,退潮時與角嶼僅
約1,800公尺,其間之海域多為暗礁,不利船隻航行,(29)^ 2018年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码‥大嶝街道 [2018 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Dadeng Subdistrict] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
统计用区划代码 城乡分类代码 名称
350213001001 112 田墘社区居委会 350213
001002 112 山头社区居委会 350213001003
112 蟳窟社区居委会 350213001004 112 嶝
崎社区居委会 350213001005 111 双沪社区居委会
350213001006 112 阳塘社区居委会 35021
3001007 112 北门社区居委会 35021300100
8 112 东埕社区居委会 350213001009 112
小嶝社区居委会