Dafdar,[a] also spelled Daftar,[5] is a township in the Taghdumbash Pamir located in Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. The township is located near the China–Pakistan border.[1][2] The southern part of the township is located in the Trans-Karakoram Tract claimed by India.[6]
Dafdar
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Coordinates: 37°20′34″N 75°24′23″E / 37.3427806°N 75.4063098°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Xinjiang |
Prefecture | Kashgar Prefecture |
County | Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County |
Area | |
• Total | 11,400 km2 (4,400 sq mi) |
Elevation | 3,700 m (12,100 ft) |
Population | |
• Total | 2,718 |
• Density | 0.24/km2 (0.62/sq mi) |
Ethnic groups | |
• Major ethnic groups | Chinese Tajiks, Kyrgyz[2] |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time) |
Dafdar | |||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 达布达尔乡 | ||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 達布達爾鄉 | ||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | Dábùdá'ěr Xiāng | ||||||||
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Uyghur name | |||||||||
Uyghur | دەفتەر يېزىسى | ||||||||
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Sarikoli name | |||||||||
Sarikoli | ذەۋذار دىيۇر [ðavðɔr diyur] |
Name
editDafdar means "door" or "gateway" in the Sarikoli language, spoken by Chinese Tajiks.[1]
History
editThe area has been used for grazing by various pastoral people in the region for centuries.[8]
During the Qing dynasty, the Chinese claimed suzerainty over the area but permitted the Mir of Hunza to administer the region in return for a tribute.[9] According to British colonial sources, this arrangement started during early Ayosh dynasty of Mir of Hunza, as the Mir conquered the Kirghiz nomads of Taghdumbash Pamir.[10] The Mir erected a cairn in the village to evidence his control. The tribute system continued up until 1937.[8][9]
In the 1875, British explorers recorded that Dafdar did not have a permanent settlement, but that it was used a caravan camp on the route between Tashkurgan and Hunza Valley.[11] In the early 1900s, a group of Wakhi settled here with the consent of the Chinese authority.[12][8]
In March 1950, Dafdar Township was established.[1]
In 1959, Dafdar Township became a commune.[1]
In 1966, Dafdar Commune was renamed Xianfeng Commune ('pioneer commune', 先锋公社).[1]
In 1975 in the closing days of the Cultural Revolution, the original name was restored.[1]
In February 1985, Dafdar Commune was made a township.[1]
Emerald deposits were discovered in Dafdar in 2003. These emeralds show similar chemical fingerprints to Afghan emeralds from Panjshir Valley.[13]
Geography
editK2, the second highest mountain on Earth, is located in the Trans-Karakoram Tract[6] on the China-Pakistan border in Dafdar.[2]
Dafdar village lies at an altitude of 3,400 m above sea level, just to the east of the Karakoram Highway.[8]
Administrative divisions
editAs of 2019[update], the township included five villages (Mandarin Chinese pinyin-derived names):[1][2][14]
- Dafdar (达布达尔村), Bayik (Atejiayili 阿特加依里村), Raskam (Resikamu 热斯喀木村 / 热斯卡木村), Bositeduokete (波斯特多克特村), Khunjerab (红其拉甫村)
Demographics
editYear | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
2000 | 3,123 | — |
2010 | 2,718 | −1.38% |
[3] |
In 1997, 89.6% of the population of the township was Chinese Tajik and 10.3% of the population was Kyrgyz.[2]
It is inhabited by Wakhis.[15]
As of the 2000s, there was one mosque in the township and twelve religious professionals.[1]
Transportation
editSee also
editNotes
editReferences
edit达布达尔乡地处
塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县南部喀喇昆仑山北麓,地势由南向北倾斜,东
靠马尔洋乡,西北连塔什库尔干乡,东南接叶城县,南与巴基斯坦交界。
总面积1.14万平方公里。海拔高度3700米。(二)^ abcdefgh1997年塔什库尔干县行政区划. XZQH.org. 18 November 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
达布达尔乡 地处喀喇昆仑山北
麓,与巴基斯坦接壤。位于县城南49.5千米。314国道过境。塔
什库尔干河由南向北流过。面积1.1万平方千米,人口0.2万,其
中塔吉克族占89.6%,柯尔克孜族占10.3%,辖达布达尔、阿
特加依里、帕克、热斯卡木4个行政村。境内有世界著名第二高峰乔戈
里峰。(三)^ ab塔什库尔干县历史沿革. XZQH.org (in Simplified Chinese). 14 November 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
2000年第五次人口普查,塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县常住总人口30
454人,其中‥{...}达布达尔乡3123人、{...}20
10年第六次人口普查,塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县常住总人口3784
3人,其中‥{...}达布达尔乡2718人,{...}(四)^ Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003). 地名中的新疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi: 新疆人民出版社. pp. 235–236. ISBN 7-228-08004-1. (五)^ huaxia, ed. (5 January 2020). "Xinhua selects China pictures of the year 2019". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on April 21, 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
Medical staff
make a house call at a relocat
ion community in Daftar Townshi
p of Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous
County in northwest China's Xi
njiang Uygur Autonomous Region,
July 7, 2019.(六)^ abComplete Atlas Of The World (3 ed.). Penguin Random House. 2016. p. 238 – via Internet Archive. (七)^ United States Board on Geographic Names: Gazetteer No. 22 Mainland China. Vol. 1 (2 ed.). United States Board on Geographic Names. September 1968. p. 270 – via Google Books.
DEFDAR SEE
TA-FU-TAI-ERH PPL 37 20 N 75 2
5 E 44044(八)^ abcdKreutzmann, Hermann (2003). "Ethnic minorities and marginality in the Pamirian Knot: survival of Wakhi and Kirghiz in a harsh environment and global contexts". The Geographical Journal. 169 (3): 215–235. doi:10.1111/1475-4959.00086. ISSN 0016-7398.
All three groups traditio
nally move their flocks within
the Taghdumbash Pamir and have
been tributary to the Mir of Hu
nza who exercised control over
these pastures until 1937. Whil
e the Kirghiz lived at higher e
levations, the Sariqoli approac
hed this area from the northern
low-lying villages. The Wakhi,
who were stranded as refugees
from Afghanistan about a centur
y ago, founded the settlement o
f Dafdar at 3400 m.a.s.l. in th
e heart of the Taghdumbash Pami
r with the consent of the Chine
se authorities (Kreutzmann 1996)
.(九)^ abChristopher Snedden (2015). Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris. Oxford University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-84904-342-7.
For 200 years, the Mir of Hunz
a had paid tribute annually to
officials of China's Qing/Manch
u dynasty located in Kashgar. ..
the Mir may have received trib
ute from a lesser ruler in the
Taghdumbash Pamir north of Hunz
a. Although the Mir of Hunza ev
entually accepted Dogra suzerai
nty, the British only forced hi
m to end his tributary relation
ship with China in 1937(十)^ Gazetteer of Gilgit (2nd ed.). Simla: Government of India Press. 1927. p. 85.
In former days
Salim Khan, son of Ayasho and
ruler of Hunza, marched against
the Kirghiz nomads of the Tagh
dumash Pamir, and in the battle
that ensued utterly routed the
m. In celebration of his victor
y he erected a cairn of stones
at Dafdar, and sent a trophy of
Kirghiz heads as present to th
e Chinese, together with a mess
age that Hunza territory extend
ed as far as Dafdar. Although h
itherto Humza had held no inter
course of any kind with the Chi
nese, the latter returned a pre
sent to Salim Khan for having c
onquered their enemies, and hen
ceforward a custom of an annual
interchange of presents betwee
n the Chinese and the people of
Hunza has prevailed to this da
y. Hunza has also drawn a yearl
y tribute in the form of a graz
ing tax, from all, whether Kirg
hiz or Sarikuli, who graze in t
he Taghdumbash.(11)^ Henry Walter Bellew (1875). The history of Káshgharia. Calcutta: Foreign Dept Press. p. 115.
Davdar, 4 tash. Across valley
and amongst hills to camp groun
d. The first stage from Tashcor
ghan. No habitation.(12)^ Kamoludin Abdullaev; Shahram Akbarzaheh (27 April 2010). Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan. Scarecrow Press. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-8108-7379-7.
Ethnically,
the Tajiks of China form a col
lection of small East Iranian e
thnic groups with the Vakhani (
Wakhi) as a separate faction. W
ith the permission of the Chine
se authorities in the early 20t
h century, the Vakhanis founded
their settlement of Dafdar, so
uth of Tashkurgan.(13)^ Schwarz, Dietmar; Pardieu, Vincent (Fall–Winter 2009). "Emeralds from the Silk Road Countries – A Comparison with Emeralds from Colombia". InColor. No. 12. pp. 38–43. ISSN 1558-934X.
e
meralds from China were only di
scovered recently. It is possib
le, at least for the Davdar dep
osit, located on a major axis o
f the Silk Road, that it was al
ready worked in the past. ... T
he arrival of good quality mate
rial from the Davdar deposit in
2003 created great expectation
s in the Asian and European mar
kets. ... The emeralds from Dav
dar and Panjshir, however, show
a nearly complete overlap.(14)^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码‥达布达尔乡 (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
统计用区划代
码 城乡分类代码 名称 653131204200 210 达布
达尔村委会 653131204201 220 阿特加依里村委会
653131204202 220 热斯喀木村委会 65313
1204203 210 波斯特多克特村委会 653131204
204 220 红其拉甫村(15)^ Wiener, Gerald; Han, Jianlin; Long, Huijun (June 2003). "Yak keeping in Western High Asia: Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Southern Xinjiang Pakistan, by Hermann Kreutzmann". The Yak (2nd ed.). Bangkok: Food and Agriculture Organization. ISBN 9251049653. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
Onl
y the Wakhi founded their settl
ement of Dafdar (3 400 m) in th
e heart of the Taghdumbash Pami
r, about a century ago, with th
e consent of the Chinese author
ities.