Domingo Martínez de Irala (Spanish pronunciation: [doˈmiŋɡo maɾˈtineθ ðejˈɾala]; c. 1509 Bergara, Gipuzkoa – c. 1556 Asunción, Paraguay) was a Spanish Basque conquistador.
He headed for America in 1535 enrolled in the expedition of Pedro de Mendoza and participated in the founding of Buenos Aires. He explored the Paraná and Paraguay Rivers along with Juan de Ayolas and was commanding the rear-guard when Ayolas' advance party was wiped out by the Payagua Indians.
Unique in Spanish America, the colony had been granted by Charles V the right to elect its own commander under such circumstances;[1][2] and in August 1538, de Irala was elected by the conquistadors as Captain General of the Río de la Plata.
In 1539, he began to move the inhabitants of Buenos AirestoAsunción, and the city was abandoned by 1541.
He outlasted Charles V's appointee, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, whom he had recalled to Spain for trial as a traitor. Although Juan de Sanabria and his son Diego were appointed governor in 1547 and 1549, they never fulfilled their commissions, and de Irala was confirmed by the king as governor in 1552.
He ruled forcefully until his death around 1556. During his rule, he had churches and public buildings erected, towns established, and the native population subjugated and distributed among the colonists in encomiendas. He was succeeded by Gonzalo de Mendoza.
Irala had 70 Guaraní concubines, and his surname fills several pages in the Asunción telephone directory.
| Preceded by | Acting Governor of New Andalusia 1537–1540 |
Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Acting Governor of New Andalusia 1544–1552 |
Succeeded by Himself |
| Preceded by Himself |
Governor of Rio de la Plata 1552–1556 |
Succeeded by |