Duke William Frederick Philip of Württemberg

William was the fourth son of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg and Sophia Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt, eldest daughter of Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt and Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia, a niece of Frederick II of Prussia.

In 1779 he joined the Royal Danish Army and quickly rose to the rank of Oberst. In 1781 he commanded his own regiment, being promoted to major general in 1783, moved to the Danish Foot Guards in 1785 and promoted to lieutenant general in 1795. In 1801 he became governor of Copenhagen and later the same year faced the Battle of Copenhagen in that role.

In 1806 he paid 10,000 Reichstaler to leave the Danish army. His brother Frederick had just been made king of Württemberg and in Stuttgart made William a field marshal and Württemberg's minister for war. From 1810 to 1821 William temporarily lived in his manor house at Hirrlingen near Rottenburg but more often in the Schloss StetteninRemstal. On 29 June 1811 he took on Freiherr Friedrich von Phull as vice-president of the War Department (and de facto Minister for War, though William remained minister de jure until 1815).

In 1815, on leaving office, William shifted to studying science and successfully practised as a physician. In 1817 the University of Tübingen awarded him an honorary degree in medicine. As a member of the royal house of Württemberg, William also held a seat in the Kammer der Standesherren (House of Lords) of the Württembergische Landstände parliament from 1819 to his death in 1830.

On 23 August 1800, in Coswig, Frederick married one of his mother's ladies in waiting, Wilhelmine Freiin von Tunderfeldt-Rhodis (1777–1822), daughter of Baron Karl August Wilhelm von Tunderfeldt-Rhodis (1746-1802) and his wife, Therese Wilhelmine Henriette, Baoness Schilling von Canstatt (1745-1795). She was a scion of a military family from Sweden, originally from the Baltic.

The couple had six children, only three of whom reached adulthood:

• Count Alexander of Württemberg (1801–1844), poet; married Countess Helene Festetics von Tolna (1812–1886), daughter of Ladislas Graf Festetics of Tolna.
• Count August of Württemberg (1805–1808)
• Wilhelm, Duke of Urach, Count of Württemberg (1810–1869); married firstly Princess Théodolinde of Leuchtenberg (1814–1857). He married secondly Princess Florestine of Monaco (1833–1897).
• Count Friedrich August of Württemberg (1811–1812)
• Count Franz of Württemberg (1814–1824)
• Countess Marie of Württemberg (1815–1866); married Count Wilhelm of Taubenheim (1805–1894).

Since this was a morganatic marriage, on 1 August 1801 William renounced his descendants' claim to the throne of Württemberg. This had an effect in 1921, on the death of William II of Württemberg, when his descendants were excluded from inheriting. However, by then the Kingdom of Württemberg had itself been superseded.

• Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown^[2]
• Grand Cross of the Württemberg Military Merit Order^[2]
• 1803 Knights' Cross of the Danish Order of the Elephant^[2]
• Grand Cross of the French Legion of Honour^[2]

• History of Württemberg
• History of Denmark#The 19th century

• Wolfgang Schmierer: Wilhelm, Herzog von Württemberg, in Sönke Lorenz, Dieter Mertens, Volker Press eds. Das Haus Württemberg: Ein biographisches Lexikon. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-17-013605-4, S. 380 f.
• Frank Raberg: Biographisches Handbuch der württembergischen Landtagsabgeordneten 1815–1933. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, S. 1050 f.