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Eternity





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Eternity, in common parlance, is an infinite amount of time that never ends or the quality, condition or fact of being everlasting or eternal.[1] Classical philosophy, however, defines eternity as what is timeless or exists outside time, whereas sempiternity corresponds to infinite duration.

A neverending animation loop of gears turning

Philosophy

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Classical philosophy defines eternity as what exists outside time, as in describing timeless supernatural beings and forces, distinguished from sempiternity which corresponds to infinite time, as described in requiem prayers for the dead.[which?] Some thinkers, such as Aristotle, suggest the eternity of the natural cosmos in regard to both past and future eternal duration. Boethius defined eternity as "simultaneously full and perfect possession of interminable life".[2][a] Thomas Aquinas believed that God's eternity does not cease, as it is without either a beginning or an end; the concept of eternity is of divine simplicity, thus incapable of being defined or fully understood by humankind.[3]

Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and many others in the Age of Enlightenment drew on the classical distinction to put forward metaphysical hypotheses such as "eternity is a permanent now".[4]

Contemporary philosophy and physics

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Today cosmologists, philosophers, and others look towards analyses of the concept from across cultures and history. They debate, among other things, whether an absolute concept of eternity has real application for fundamental laws of physics; compare the issue of the entropy as an arrow of time.

Religion

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Eternity as infinite duration is an important concept in many lives and religions. God or gods are often said to endure eternally, or exist for all time, forever, without beginning or end. Religious views of an afterlife may speak of it in terms of eternity or eternal life.[b] Christian theologians may regard immutability, like the eternal Platonic forms, as essential to eternity.[5][c]

Symbolism

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Eternity is often symbolized by the endless snake, swallowing its own tail, the ouroboros. The circle, band, or ring is also commonly used as a symbol for eternity, as is the mathematical symbol of infinity,  . Symbolically these are reminders that eternity has no beginning or end.

  • The "endless knot," a symbol of eternity used in Tibetan Buddhism
  • Infinity symbol variations
  • Folk art allegorical map "The 3 Roads to Eternity" from Matthew 7:13-14 by the woodcutter Georgin François (1801–1863) in 1825.
  • Anallegorical classical woman c. 1670s, representing eternity.[d]
  • See also

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  • Akal (Sikh term)
  • Chronology of the universe
  • Eternal now
  • Eternal return
  • Everlasting life
  • Eviternity
  • Kalpa
  • Philosophical presentism
  • Planck epoch
  • Time perception
  • Temporal finitism
  • Wheel of time
  • Notes

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    1. ^ Boethius (523), book 5, prose §. 6, quote: "Aeternitas igitur est interminabilis vitae tota simul et perfecta possessio."
  • ^ For examples: Bassali (2008), p. 138, quote: "In the next life, there will be two places only - heaven and hell. ... In heaven, you will spend an eternity of bliss, light, and glory with God. In hell, you will spend an eternity of woe, darkness and torment apart from God. Which of these two places would you prefer to spend your eternity?"
  • ^ Deng (2018), quote: "Augustine connects God's timeless eternity to God's being the cause of all times and God's immutability."
  • ^ She holds up an hourglass, her elbow above a human skull and in her lower hand two flowers in maturity, one of which is a dandelion blowball or clock (seed head), reminders of transience. An Ouroboros, snake swallowing its own tail, floats above her head as a halo - symbols of eternity.
  • References

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    1. ^ "eternity". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  • ^ Boedder (1902), book 2, ch. 2, "The Eternity of God".
  • ^ Helm (2010), §. 6, "Medieval thinkers".
  • ^ Hobbes (1662), p. 50.
  • ^ Deng (2018), §. 3.1, "The Loci Classici".
  • Works cited

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  • Boedder, Bernard (1902). Natural Theology. Longmans, Green, and Co. – via University of Notre Dame.
  • Boethius, Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus. De philosophiae consolatione Boethius  (in Latin) – via Wikisource.
  • Deng, Natalja. "Eternity in Christian Thought". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 ed.).
  • Helm, Paul. "Eternity". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2010 ed.).
  • Hobbes, Thomas (1662). Mr. Hobbes considered in his loyalty, religion, reputation, and manners, by way of a letter to Dr. Wallis.
  • Further reading

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    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eternity&oldid=1210987155"
     



    Last edited on 29 February 2024, at 08:04  





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    This page was last edited on 29 February 2024, at 08:04 (UTC).

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