Franklin County, Ohio

On March 30, 1803, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Franklin County. The county originally was part of Ross County. Residents named the county in honor of Benjamin Franklin.^[7] In 1816, Franklin County's Columbus became Ohio's state capital. Surveyors laid out the city in 1812, and officials incorporated it in 1816. Columbus was not Ohio's original capital, but the state legislature chose to move the state government there after its location for a short time at Chillicothe and at Zanesville. Columbus was chosen as the site for the new capital because of its central location within the state and access by way of major transportation routes (primarily rivers) at that time. The legislature chose it as Ohio's capital over a number of other competitors, including Franklinton, Dublin, Worthington, and Delaware.

On May 5, 1802, a group of prospective settlers founded the Scioto Company at the home of Rev. Eber B. Clark in Granby, Connecticut, for the purpose of forming a settlement between the Muskingum River and Great Miami River in the Ohio Country. James Kilbourne was elected president and Josiah Topping secretary.^{[8][full citation needed]} On August 30, 1802, James Kilbourne and Nathaniel Little arrived at Colonel Thomas Worthington's home in Chillicothe. They tentatively reserved land along the Scioto River on the Pickaway Plains for their new settlement.^{[9][full citation needed]}

On October 5, 1802, the Scioto Company met again in Granby and decided not to purchase the lands along the Scioto River on the Pickaway Plains, but rather to buy land 30 miles (48 km) farther north from Jonas Stanbery and his partner, an American Revolutionary War general, Jonathan Dayton. Sixteen thousand acres (65 km²; 6,500 ha) were purchased along the Whetstone River (now known as the Olentangy River) at $1.50 per acre.^{[10][full citation needed]} This land was part of the United States Military District surveyed by Israel Ludlow in 1797 and divided into townships 5 miles (8.0 km) square.^[11]

Before the state legislature's decision in 1812, Columbus did not exist. The city was originally designed as the state's new capital, preparing itself for its role in Ohio's political, economic, and social life. In the years between the first ground-breaking and the actual movement of the capital in 1816, Columbus and Franklin County grew significantly. By 1813, workers had built a penitentiary, and by the following year, residents had established the first church, school, and newspaper in Columbus. Workers completed the Ohio Statehouse in 1861. Columbus and Franklin County grew quickly in population, with the city having 700 people by 1815. Columbus officially became the county seat in 1824. By 1834, the population of Columbus was 4,000 people, officially elevating it to "city" status.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 544 square miles (1,410 km²), of which 532 square miles (1,380 km²) is land and 11 square miles (28 km²) (2.1%) is water.^[12] The county is located in the Till Plains and the Appalachian Plateau land regions.

The county is drained by the Olentangy River and the Scioto River. Major creeks in the county include Big Darby Creek, Big Walnut Creek, and Alum Creek. There are two large reservoirs in the county, Hoover Reservoir and Griggs Reservoir.^[13]

• Delaware County (north)
• Fairfield County (southeast)
• Licking County (east)
• Madison County (west)
• Pickaway County (south)
• Union County (northwest)

As of the 2020 census, there were 1,280,122 people, 540,369 households, and 309,654 families residing in the county.^[20] The population density was 2,486.4 inhabitants per square mile (960.0/km²). There were 580,903 housing units. The racial makeup of the county was 60.6% White, 22.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 5.6% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 3.7% from some other races and 7.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.9% of the population.^[21] 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18, 6.5% were under 5 years of age, and 13.2% were 65 and older.

As of the 2010 census, there were 1,163,414 people, 477,235 households, and 278,030 families living in the county. The population density was 2,186.1 inhabitants per square mile (844.1/km²). There were 527,186 housing units at an average density of 990.6 per square mile (382.5/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 69.2% white, 21.2% black or African American, 3.9% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 2.3% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 24.2% were German, 14.4% were Irish, 9.1% were English, 5.5% were Italian, and 5.0% were American.

Of the 477,235 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 41.7% were non-families, and 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 33.4 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $49,087 and the median income for a family was $62,372. Males had a median income of $45,920 versus $37,685 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,909. About 12.1% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.0% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.

According to the County's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,^[22] the largest employers in the county are:

For most of the 20th century, Franklin County was a Republican bastion, as has long been the case with most of central Ohio. From 1896 to 1992, it went Republican all but five times. However, it has gone Democratic in every election since 1996, reflecting the Democratic trend in most other urban counties nationwide. Columbus and most of its northern and western suburbs lean Democratic, while the more blue-collar southern section of the county leans Republican. From 1996 to 2004, Democratic nominees carried the county by single digit margins, but it swung significantly in favor of Barack Obamain2008. The county has swung towards Democrats in every subsequent Presidential election, with each candidate breaking the previous county record for both largest Democratic vote share and largest Democratic margin of victory in county history. Most recently, Democratic nominee Joe Biden won the county with 64.7 percent of the vote and a 31.4 percent margin of victory.^[23]

In Congress, it is split between two districts. Most of Columbus itself is in the 3rd district, represented by Democrat Joyce Beatty. The southwestern portion is in 15th district, represented by Republican Mike Carey.^[24]

^[26]

Franklin County is currently made up of 16 cities, 10 villages, and 17 townships.

• Marion (completely annexed by the city of Columbus)

School districts include:^[28]

City school districts:

Local school districts:

State-operated schools include:

• Ohio State School for the Blind
• Ohio School for the Deaf

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Ohio

• Henry Howe, History of Franklin County, Ohio, 1803-1889. Knightstown, IN: Bookmark, 1977.
• William T. Martin, History of Franklin County: A Collection of Reminiscences of the Early Settlement of the County: With Biographical Sketches and a Complete History of the County to the Present Time. Columbus, OH: Follett, Forster & Co., 1858.
• Opha Moore, History of Franklin County, Ohio. In Two Volumes. Topeka: Historical Publishing Company, 1930.
• William Alexander Taylor, Centennial History of Columbus and Franklin County, Ohio. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1909.
• A Centennial Biographical History of the City of Columbus and Franklin County, Ohio... Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1901.

• Official website  
• Franklin County history Provided by Ohio History Central