G12/G13 alpha subunits are alpha subunitsofheterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton.[1] Together, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of G protein alpha subunits.[2] G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP.[3][4]G12/G13 are not targets of pertussis toxinorcholera toxin, as are other classes of G protein alpha subunits.[5]
| guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha 12 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | GNA12 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 2768 | ||||||
| HGNC | 4380 | ||||||
| OMIM | 604394 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_007353 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q03113 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 7 p22.3 | ||||||
| |||||||
| guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), alpha 13 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | GNA13 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 10672 | ||||||
| HGNC | 4381 | ||||||
| OMIM | 604406 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NM_006572 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q14344 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 17 q24 | ||||||
| |||||||
G proteins G12 and G13 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling in cells during movement and migration, including cancer cell metastasis.[6]G13 is also essential for receptor tyrosine kinase-induced migrationoffibroblast and endothelial cells.[7]
