George Washington Baines

Baines was born near the Atlantic Ocean in either Chowan County,^[1]orPerquimans County, North Carolina,^[2] on December 29, 1809, to Thomas Baines, a Baptist minister, and Mary (née McCoy) Baines. Baines was the eldest of ten children. The Baines family moved to Georgia in 1817, and then in 1818 to a farm near Tuscaloosa, Alabama, where he spent most of his childhood.^[3][4] Baines entered the University of Alabama, later leaving due to poor health in 1836.^[1]

In 1832, he had a conversion experience^{[clarification needed]} in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, under the T.J. Fisher ministry.^[5] He was baptized in Salem Baptist Church at the age of 25, and in 1834 he became licensed to preach by the Philadelphia Baptist Church of Tuscaloosa County.^[6] He was ordained by the Grant's Creek Baptist Church on August 7, 1836. His father was among the signers of his preaching license and certificate of ordination.^[2]

In 1837, he settled in Carroll County, Arkansas, moving in an effort to recuperate from his recurring dyspepsia.^[4] He lived along Crooked Creek, about two miles southwest of present-day Harrison, Arkansas, the area today lies in Boone County. After settling in, he resumed his religious calling, helping to establish three churches, where he then preached. He also served as a missionary for the Baptist Home Mission Society of New York. In 1842, Baines was elected as a Democrat to the Arkansas House of Representatives, representing Carroll County from November 7, 1842, to February 4, 1843. As a representative, Baines was a member of several select committees, including one to create Newton County.^[1][7] He was expelled by his church in Arkansas when it was seized by "hard shell Baptists" whose main point of disagreement with Baines was the concept of predestination.^[8]

Baines baptized more than 100 people in Arkansas, where he lived for seven years, before moving to Mount Lebanon, Louisiana, with his family in July 1844.^[9] He was called as the first pastor of the Minden Baptist Church in Minden, Louisiana. He simultaneously pastored at Minden, Mt. Lebanon, Homer, and Saline. Baines was also the superintendent of schools in Bienville Parish.^[3] He was responsible for organizing the Louisiana Baptist Convention in 1848.^[8]

Baines moved to Huntsville, Texas, with his family in 1850. In Huntsville, he was the pastor for Sam Houston.^[10] He was a member of the Board of Trustees of Baylor University from 1851 until 1859.^[11] Baines, working almost singlehandedly, established the Texas Baptist in 1855 in Anderson, Texas. He arranged the printing of the paper with R. A. Van Horn, publisher of Anderson's Central Texian. A former Baylor University professor, J. B. Stiteler, joined Baines as assistant editor.^[12] Baines became the first editor of the first Baptist newspaper in Texas, the Texas Baptist, while a member of the Board of Baylor. After Rufus Columbus Burleson departed the presidency of Baylor University for Waco University, Baines was appointed president by the Board, until they could find a suitable replacement for Burleson and before the start of the American Civil War.^[11] On July 27, 1861, Baines was awarded with an honorary Master of Arts degree by Baylor University.^[4] After his first year as president, the trustees found it difficult to find anyone to lead the financially-plagued university, and asked Baines to continue as president.^[11] Health issues forced him to resign from the position in 1863. Shortly after leaving Baylor he moved to Fairfield, Texas, where his wife and youngest son died.^[4]

He devoted his life as a Christian leader; even with his chronic dyspepsia, he was a field agent of the Baptist State Convention for several years. After the death of his second wife in January 1882, he lived with his daughter Anna in Belton, Texas. G. W. Baines died on December 28, 1882, of malaria, a day before his 73rd birthday. At the time he was a pastor at Salado.^[4]

Baines was a member of the Democratic Party when he was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives between 1842 and 1843. He introduced resolutions asking the United States Congress to turn over "refuse lands" and worked to adopt the paper ballot and end voice voting.^[1]

George Washington Baines was an owner of slaves, along with the other three founders of Baylor University. In the 1850 census, Baines is recorded as the owner of two slaves when he was the pastor of a church in Huntsville. In the 1860 census, when he was a pastor in Anderson at the time, Baines is recorded as the owner of eight slaves.^[11]

Baines had nine children with his first wife, Melissa Ann (née Butler). He did not have any children with his second wife, Cynthia.^[2] His son Joseph Wilson Baines was Secretary of State of Texas and a member of the Texas House of Representatives.^[13] His great-grandson was U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson.^[11]

• George Washington Baines, library of University of Baylor, Texas. 1855.
• George Washington Baines, Baylor University, 1809 - 1881. Department of History.
• The Family of Thomas Baines, George Washington Baines Sir, 1890. Bible study, Baptist Church Texas.
• The Personal Correspondence of Sam Houston: 1848-1852 by Sam Houston