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Haklau, or Hai Lok Hong, is a variety of Southern Min spoken in Shanwei, Guangdong province, China. While it is related to Teochew and Hokkien, its exact classification in relation to them is disputed.[6][7]
| Haklau | |
|---|---|
| Hai Lok Hong, Hailufeng | |
| 學佬話／福佬話 Ha̍k-láu-ōe 海陸豐話 Hái-lio̍k-hong-ōe | |
| Region | Mainly in Shanwei, eastern Guangdong province. |
Native speakers | 2.65 million (2021)[1] |
| |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | (hlh is proposed[5]) |
| ISO 639-6 | hife |
| Glottolog | None |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jik (Haifeng) |
Haklau Min in Shanwei | |
| Haklau Min | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 海陸豐話 | ||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 海陆丰话 | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
The word Haklau (學佬／福佬 Ha̍k-láu) is the Southern Min pronuciation of Hoklo, originally a Hakka exonym for the Southern Min speakers, including Hoklo and Teochew people. The speakers of Hai Lok Hong self-identify as Haklau and distinguish themselves from Teochew people. Historically, the Hai Lok Hong region was not a part of Teochew prefecture (潮州府, the region currently known as Teo-SwaorChaoshan), but was included in the primarily Hakka-speaking Huizhou prefecture (惠州府). Modern Huizhou city (particularly the Huidong County) also has a Haklau-speaking minority.
The word Hai Lok Hong (海陸豐 Hái-lio̍k-hong) is a portmanteauofHai Hong (海豐, Mandarin Haifeng) and Lok Hong (陸豐, Mandarin Lufeng), where it is mainly spoken. The character 陸 has multiple pronunciations in Southern Min: the reading le̍k is vernacular, it is common in Teochew, but rarely used in Hokkien and Hai Lok Hong itself; the reading lio̍k (Hokkien, Hai Lok Hong) or lo̍k (Teochew) is literary and commonly used in Hokkien and Hai Lok Hong, but not Teochew, yet its Teochew rendering is the source of English Hai Lok Hong.
The Language Atlas of China classifies Hai Lok Hong as part of Teochew.[8] Other classifications pinpoint the phonological features of Hai Lok Hong that are not found in Teochew, but instead are typical for Chiangchew Hokkien. These features include:[9]
Still, Hai Lok Hong also has features typical for Teochew, but not Hokkien, such as:
Lexically, Hai Lok Hong also shares some traits with Teochew: 個 kâi '(possessive particle)', 愛 àiⁿ 'to want', 睇 théi 'to see' — compare Hokkien 兮 --ê, 卜 beh and 看 khòaⁿ.