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Hawaii's 2nd congressional district

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Hawaii's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. stateofHawaii. It is represented by Jill Tokuda, who succeeded Kai Kahele after the 2022 election. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas of Oahu/Honolulu County, as well as the entire state outside of Oahu. It includes the counties of Kauai, Maui, Kalawao, and Hawaii ("the Big Island"). The district spans 331 miles. The most populous community entirely within the district is Hilo. Major segments of the economy include tourism, ranching, and agriculture.

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative	Jill Tokuda D–Kāneʻohe
Distribution	83.65% urban 16.35% rural
Population (2022)	722,458^[1]
Median household income	$89,314^[2]
Ethnicity	28.4% White 23.2% Asian 22.6% Two or more races 12.5% Pacific Islander Americans 11.3% Hispanic 1.2% Black 0.7% other
Cook PVI	D+14^[3]

Under the U.S. Constitution, a candidate for this district has to be a resident of Hawaii, but does not have to live in the district itself. The first non-resident elected to this seat was Ed Case, a Honolulu attorney, though he was born and raised on the Big Island of Hawaii. The home state office of the second congressional district is at the Prince Kuhio Federal Building near Honolulu Harbor.

History

When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large representative to Congress pending the next United States census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U.S. census, Hawaii gained a second U.S. representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its U.S. representatives at large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962, and Hawaii was first represented by two U.S. representatives on January 2, 1963, upon the convening of the 88th Congress. The 2nd congressional district was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing at-large representatives statewide.

The 2nd congressional district has a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+14. It has supported the Democratic nominee in every presidential election since 1988, and has never elected a Republican U.S. representative. In October 2019, Representative Tulsi Gabbard announced that she would not seek reelection, instead choosing to focus on her campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination.

In January 2019, Hawaii state senator Kai Kahele announced he would run for the seat in 2020.^[4] Other Democrats who announced were David Cornejo, Brian Evans (a self-described "Berniecrat" who ran for the seat as a Republican in 2018), Noelle Famera, and Ryan Meza. Republicans Joseph Akana and Jonathan Hoomanawanui also announced. Kahele won the Democratic nomination on August 8 and the general election on November 3.

Recent results from statewide races

Presidential Election Results since 2000
Year	Result^[5]
2000	Al Gore (D) 56% – George W. Bush (R) 36%
2004	John Kerry (D) 56% – George W. Bush (R) 44%
2008	Barack Obama (D) 73% – John McCain (R) 25%
2012	Barack Obama (D) 71% – Mitt Romney (R) 27%
2016	Hillary Clinton (D) 61% – Donald Trump (R) 30%
2020	Joe Biden (D) 64% – Donald Trump (R) 34%

List of members representing the district

Member	Party	Years	Cong ress	Electoral history	District map
District created January 3, 1971
Patsy Mink (Waipahu)	Democratic	January 3, 1971 — January 3, 1977	92nd 93rd 94th	Redistricted from the at-large district and re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Retired to run for U.S. senator.
Daniel Akaka (Honolulu)	Democratic	January 3, 1977 — May 15, 1990	95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st	Elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Resigned when appointed U.S. senator.
Vacant		May 15, 1990 — September 22, 1990	101st
Patsy Mink (Waipahu)	Democratic	September 22, 1990 — September 28, 2002	101st 102nd 103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th	Elected to finish Akaka's term. Re-elected in 1990. Re-elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Re-elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Died. Re-elected posthumously in 2002.
Vacant		September 28, 2002 — November 30, 2002	107th
Ed Case (Honolulu)	Democratic	November 30, 2002 — January 3, 2003	107th	Elected to finish Mink's term in the 107th Congress. Had not been a candidate for the next term.
Vacant		January 3, 2003 — January 4, 2003	108th		2003–2013
Ed Case (Honolulu)	Democratic	January 4, 2003 — January 3, 2007	108th 109th	Elected to finish Mink's term in the 108th Congress. Re-elected in 2004. Retired to run for U.S. senator.
Mazie Hirono (Honolulu)	Democratic	January 3, 2007 — January 3, 2013	110th 111th 112th	Elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Re-elected in 2010. Retired to run for U.S. senator.
Tulsi Gabbard (Honolulu)	Democratic	January 3, 2013 — January 3, 2021	113th 114th 115th 116th	Elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Retired to run for U.S. president.	2013–2023
Kai Kahele (Hilo)	Democratic	January 3, 2021 — January 3, 2023	117th	Elected in 2020. Retired to run for Governor of Hawaii.	2013–2023
Jill Tokuda (Kāne'ohe)	Democratic	January 3, 2023 — present	118th	Elected in 2022.	2023–present

Election results

1970

1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[6]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent)	91,038	100.00%
Total votes			91,038	100.0%
	Democratic win (new seat)

1972

1972 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[7]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent)	79,856	57.08%
	Republican	Diana Hansen-Young	60,043	42.92%
Total votes			139,899	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1974

1974 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent)	86,916	62.58%
	Republican	Carla W. Coray	51,984	37.42%
Total votes			138,900	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1976

1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka	124,116	79.51%
	Republican	Hank Inouye	23,917	15.32%
	Independents for Godly Government	Bill Penaroza	3,461	2.22%
	People's Party	Dexter Cate	2,408	1.54%
	Libertarian	Don Smith	2,197	1.41%
Total votes			156,099	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1978

1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (Incumbent)	118,272	85.73%
	Republican	Charlie Isaak	15,697	11.38%
	Libertarian	Amelia L. Fritts	3,988	2.89%
Total votes			137,957	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1980

1980 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (Incumbent)	141,477	89.90%
	Libertarian	Don Smith	15,903	10.10%
Total votes			157,380	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1982

1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[12]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (Incumbent)	132,072	89.23%
	Nonpartisan candidate	Gregory B. Mills	9,080	6.14%
	Libertarian	Amelia L. Fritts	6,856	4.63%
Total votes			148,008	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1984

1984 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[13]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (Incumbent)	112,377	82.18%
	Republican	A.D. (Al) Shipley	20,000	14.63%
	Libertarian	Amelia L. Fritts	4,364	3.19%
Total votes			136,741	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1986

1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[14]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (Incumbent)	123,830	76.05%
	Republican	Maria M. Hustace	35,371	21.73%
	Libertarian	Ken Schoolland	3,618	2.22%
Total votes			162,819	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1988

1988 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Daniel Akaka (Incumbent)	144,802	88.94%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	18,006	11.06%
Total votes			162,808	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1990 (Special)

1990 Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink	51,841	37.35%
	Democratic	Mufi Hannemann	50,164	36.14%
	Democratic	Ron Menor	23,629	17.02%
	Republican	Andy Poepoe	8,872	6.39%
	Republican	Stanley Monsef	2,264	1.63%
	Democratic	Duane A. Black	1,242	0.90%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	791	0.57%
Total votes			138,803	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1990

1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent)	118,155	66.27%
	Republican	Andy Poepoe	54,625	30.64%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	5,508	3.09%
Total votes			178,288	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1992

1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[18]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent)	131,454	72.65%
	Republican	Kamuela Price	40,070	22.14%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	9,431	5.21%
Total votes			180,955	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1994

1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent)	124,431	70.14%
	Republican	Robert H. (Lopaka) Garner	42,891	24.18%
	Libertarian	Larry Bartley	10,074	5.68%
Total votes			177,396	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1996

1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent)	109,178	60.33%
	Republican	Tom Pico Jr.	55,729	30.80%
	Nonpartisan candidate	Nolan Crabbe	7,723	4.27%
	Libertarian	James M. Keefe	4,769	2.64%
	Natural Law	Amanda (Mandy) Toulon	3,564	1.97%
Total votes			180,963	100.0%
	Democratic hold

1998

1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent)	144,254	69.40%
	Republican	Carol J. Douglass	50,423	24.25%
	Libertarian	Noreen Leilehua Chun	13,194	6.35%
Total votes			207,871	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2000

2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent)	112,856	61.59%
	Republican	Russ Francis	65,906	35.97%
	Libertarian	Lawrence G.K. Duquesne	4,468	2.44%
Total votes			183,230	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2002

2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Patsy Mink (Incumbent) †	100,671	56.16%
	Republican	Bob McDermott	71,661	39.98%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	4,719	2.63%
	Natural Law	Nick Bedworth	2,200	1.23%
Total votes			179,251	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2002 (Special)

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, November 30, 2002^[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ed Case	23,576	51.44%
	Democratic	John Mink	16,624	36.27%
	Republican	John Carroll	1,933	4.22%
	Republican	Whitney Anderson	942	2.06%
	No party	34 others	2,754	5.96%
Total votes			46,216	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2003 (Special)

Hawaii's 2nd congressional district special election, January 4, 2003^[25]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ed Case (Incumbent)	33,002	43.24%
	Democratic	Matt Matsunaga	23,050	30.20%
	Democratic	Colleen Hanabusa	6,046	7.92%
	Republican	Barbara Marumoto	4,497	5.89%
	Republican	Bob McDermott	4,298	5.63%
	No party	39 others	5,435	7.12%
Total votes			76,328	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2004

2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[26]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Ed Case (Incumbent)	133,317	62.77%
	Republican	Mike Gabbard	79,072	37.23%
Total votes			212,389	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2006

2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[27]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Mazie Hirono	106,906	61.04%
	Republican	Bob Hogue	68,244	38.96%
Total votes			175,150	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2008

2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Mazie Hirono (Incumbent)	165,748	76.06%
	Republican	Roger B. Evans	44,425	20.39%
	Independent	Shaun Stenshol	4,042	1.86%
	Libertarian	Lloyd Jeffrey Mallan	3,699	1.70%
Total votes			217,914	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2010

2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[29]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Mazie Hirono (Incumbent)	132,290	72.19%
	Republican	John W. Willoughby	46,404	25.32%
	Libertarian	Pat Brock	3,254	1.78%
	Nonpartisan candidate	Andrew V. Von Sonn	1,310	0.72%
Total votes			183,258	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2012

2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[30]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Tulsi Gabbard	168,466	80.54%
	Republican	Kawika Crowley	40,697	19.45%
		Blank Votes	5,631	N/A
		Over Votes	73	N/A
Total votes			214,867	100%
	Democratic hold

2014

2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent)	142,010	78.7%
	Republican	Kawika Crowley	33,630	18.6%
	Libertarian	Joe Kent	4,693	2.6%
Total votes			180,333	100%
	Democratic hold

2016

2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[32]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent)	170,848	76.23%
	Republican	Angela Aulani Kaaihue	39,668	17.70%
		Blank votes	13,483	6.02%
		Over votes	134	0.05%
Total votes			224,133	100%
	Democratic hold

2018

2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii^[33]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Tulsi Gabbard (Incumbent)	153,271	77.4%
	Republican	Brian Evans	44,850	22.6%
Total votes			198,121	100.0%
	Democratic hold

2020

2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	Kai Kahele	172,517	63.0%	14.4
	Republican	Joe Akana	84,027	30.9%	8.3
	Libertarian	Michelle Rose Tippens	6,785	2.5%	2.5
	Aloha ʻĀina	Jonathan Hoomanawanui	6,453	2.4%	2.4
	Independent	Ron Burrus	2,659	1.0%	1.0
	American Shopping	John Giuffre	661	0.2%	0.2
Total votes			273,112	100.0%	N/A
	Democratic hold

2022

2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Jill Tokuda	127,995	62.3
	Republican	Joe Akana	72,455	35.2
	Libertarian	Michelle Tippens	5,108	2.5
Total votes			205,558	100.0
	Democratic hold

Historical district boundaries

2003–2013

2013–2023

See also

References

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present Archived April 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

^ "United States Census". Retrieved October 5, 2023.

^ "My Congressional District". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 5, 2023.

^ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.

^ Cocke, Sophie (November 18, 2019). "Former Kauai Mayor Bernard Carvalho endorses Kai Kahele for Congress". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved November 28, 2019.

^ Hawaii Office of Elections: Election results separated by year. Archived November 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Accessed February 11, 2015.

^ 1970 Election Results

^ 1972 Election Results

^ 1974 Election Results

^ 1976 Election Results

^ 1978 Election Results

^ 1980 Election Results

^ 1982 Election Results

^ 1984 Election Results

^ 1986 Election Results

^ 1988 Election Results

^ 1990 Special Election Results

^ 1990 Election Results

^ 1992 Election Results

^ 1994 Election Results

^ 1996 Election Results

^ 1998 Election Results

^ 2000 Election Results

^ 2002 Election Results

^ 2002 Special Election Results

^ 2003 Special Election Results

^ 2004 Election Results

^ 2006 Election Results

^ 2008 Election Results

^ 2010 Election Results

^ 2012 Election Results

^ "Hawaii General Election 2014" (PDF). Hawaii Office of Elections. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2014.

^ "PRIMARY ELECTION 2016 – State of Hawaii – Statewide". State of Hawaii Office of Elections. August 16, 2016. p. 1. Retrieved November 18, 2016.

^ "Statewide Summary" (PDF). Office of Elections. State of Hawaii. Retrieved November 20, 2018.

19°48′35″N 155°30′22″W / 19.80972°N 155.50611°W / 19.80972; -155.50611

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