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Help:IPA/Colognian





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< Help:IPA
  

This article includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Colognian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Colognian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Colognian.

Consonants
IPA Colognian examples English approximation
b Ball, dubbel ball
d dann, Saddel done
dʒ Dschungel, wadschele jungle
f Faß, Waffel fuss
ɡ waggele gust
h hatt, Buhai, Bah hut
ɧ Schimie, Weechter, biestig bush
j[1] Jack, wääje yuck
ʒ[1] Geniere, nuschele pleasure
k Kiß, frickele, Pek kiss
l Lack, welle luck
m Mai, summe, öm may
n Noht, Jewenner, Sun not
ŋ senge, lang long
p Peck, Appel, Kapp peck
ʁ Rään, ware gutturalr
s faste, Baß bus
ʃ schäl, Mösche, Bösch bush
t Toon, kötte, Bütt tone
ts Zupp, Mätze, Fuz pizza
tʃ tschöⓘ, letsche, Matsch chat
v Vas, övver vast
w wat will
x Woche, Loch Scottishloch
z Sunn, lässe zone
ʔ |it, be|erdije, perdü| uh-oh
Pitch accent
IPA Colognian
examples		 English
approximation		 Explanation
ˈ Bahnhoffstrohße intonation primary stress
ˌ Bahnhoffstrohße secondary stress
◌̂ /ˈʃtîːf/ "stiffness",
/ˈhûːs/ "house (dat.)",
/ˈʃlɛ̂ːʃ/ "beats (n. pl.)",
/ˈzêi/ "sieve",
/ˈkân/ "(tea)pot, jug"[2] 		falling tone
(Stoßton,
Accent 1)
Vowels
IPA Colognian examples English approximation
aː Plaat, Bar, Ahle, Bahn bra
a Ax, spack,
eː Elend, Feez, Beet somewhat likeplay
e enjonn, seze bed
ɛː Ääpel, Pääd, nääⓘ, äänz, Nähl likebed, but long
ɛ Eck, hätt, dä! bed
iː Ieß, Pief, di, ieser, Dier, auwieh! eat
i mi city
ɪ in, Friko sit
ɔː Ooß, Pooz, booh, Ohß, Pohl, jo bore
ɔ offe, doll, mer on
œː Ööschel, pöze, Blööh, Öl, Pöhl somewhat like urgent
œ Öschel, Pött
øː Ööz, kööze, bleu, Rösje, Bröh
ø Öllije, Kött, ?ömjonn
oː Ooschel, koot, Ohm, Dooch, Nivoh go
o op, lovve, do hot
ʊː Pattevuel took
ʊ us, Hunk, do, ?Bunn
uː uze, Pluute, Schmu, Uhr, Bud, esu ooze
u Ussel, Fuz took
yː üüßerlech, süht, Üül, Lüüß, perdü somewhat likecute
y üvver, müje
ʏ üch, tüntele
aɪ ei, Eiter, Weihnaach, zwei, Eier, Weiher, Pavei I, idle, byte, tie
aːʊ Auto, Strauß, mau out, tower, how
aʊ Auflach, Zauß, Schabau, ?zaubere, ?Kakau
eɪ ei, eins, Zeidung, sei, eine, zeije, Schnei alien, mania, bay
iɐ̯ Liehr, ?Zottier similar todear
oʊ Auge, Baum, hau, Aug, sauge, Hau similar to over, stow
ɔʏ Schnäuzer, Heu, Häuche, Häu similar to oil, boy
øʏ Sträuf, Späu, Äujelche, Bäum, neuⓘ
Reduced vowels
ɐ verdonn, Vatter nutor sofa (but not balance)[3]
ə e, en, bedon, de balance (but not sofa)[3]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b The phone [ʒ] occurs also often as a positional allophoneof[j] when a final [ʃ]or[ɧ] of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, [j] is used to transcribe these.
  • ^ Only occurs on stressed vowels. Though a falling tone in Cologne, realizations vary by dialect and accent. Compare these "accent 1" words with their "accent 2" words /ˈʃtiːf/ "stiff", /ˈhuːs/ "house (nom./​acc.)", /ˈʃlɛːʃ/ "bad", /zei/ "she", /kan/『(I/​he) can』without Stoßton
  • ^ a b As several other Germanic languages, Colognian has mid [ə] and open [ɐ] schwas. Care must be taken to clearly distinguish between the two. In English, the former appears in words such as balance, cannon and chairman and the latter variably in sofa, China (especially at the very end of utterance) and, in some dialects, also in ago and again, but one needs to remember that Colognian [ɐ] has no such free variation and is always open, just as [ə] is always mid. In some English dialects, /ʌ/ in words such as nut and strut is a perfect replacement for Colognian [ɐ], but the latter is an unstressed-only vowel that can also appear in open syllables, which generally cannot be said about the English /ʌ/.

    • Bibliography

    edit

    For another simpler phonemic writing system of West Middle German and Meuse-Rhenish including Colognian, see:

    See also

    edit

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Colognian&oldid=1177110102"
      



    Last edited on 26 September 2023, at 01:09  


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