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The Assumption of the Virgin Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de la Asunción de Jaén) is a Renaissance-style, Roman Catholic cathedral located in Santa María Square, opposite the Town Hall and the Episcopal Palace, in the center of Jaén, region of Andalusia, Spain.
| Jaén Cathedral | |
|---|---|
Spanish: Catedral de la Asunción de Jaén
| |
Aerial view of Jaén Cathedral.
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| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Catholic Church |
| Year consecrated | 1660 |
| Location | |
| Location | Jaén, Spain |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Andrés de Vandelvira Juan de Aranda Salazar Eufrasio López de Rojas |
| Type | church |
| Style | Renaissance Baroque Neoclassical |
| Groundbreaking | 1249 |
| Completed | 1724 |
| Website | |
| www.catedraldejaen.org | |
The current cathedral was conceived in the 16th century to replace a previous 15th century Gothic edifice. Construction lasted for several centuries, with the original idea maintained. Of significance are the chapter house and sacristy, masterpieces of Andrés de Vandelvira and important examples of the Spanish Renaissance; the façade, built in the Baroque style with sculptures by Pedro Roldán; and the choir, built in the Neoclassical style and known as one of the largest in Spain.
Kept in the cathedral is a copy of the Veil of Veronica which probably dates from the 14th century, and originated in Siena. Acquired by Bishop Nicolás de Biedma, it is publicly displayed to the people every year on Good Friday and the Feast of the Assumption, as well as in a side chapel every Friday.[1]
The site was once occupied by a mosque,[2] which was reconsecrated as a church dedicated to the Assumption after Ferdinand III of Castile took Jaén in 1246. It was damaged and rebuilt on numerous occasions since until the 16th century, when the current edifice began construction.
Several architects were involved in building the cathedral, Andrés de Vandelvira being the most important one. The distinctive façade, designed by Eufrasio López de Rojas, only began construction in 1660, after the cathedral itself was already consecrated; further works involving interior decoration and the chapels would only conclude in 1724. In addition, consolidation works were necessary to the north façade after the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, which also led to the construction of the Sagrario there.
The young Francisco Guerrero was the maestro de capilla of Jaén Cathedral around 1545.
In 2008, the procedure for the cathedral of Jaén to be declared a World Heritage Site,[3] considering that it served as a model for the construction of other cathedrals in Spain and the Americas.[4][5][6] On 27 January 2012 the «Jaén Cathedral (extension of the Renaissance monumental complex of Úbeda and Baeza)» was inscribed on the Spanish Indicative List of World Heritage Sites, in the category of cultural property (No. ref 5667).[2][7]
The Church of the Sagrario (Spanish: Iglesia del Sagrario) is a building attached to the north facade of the cathedral, made due to the unevenness and damage caused by the Lisbon earthquake of 1755. The project for this work was designed by the Madrid architect Ventura Rodríguez in 1764 and executed by his nephew Manuel Martín Rodríguez. It was consecrated on March 22, 1801.[8]
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)(...) sagrarios y manifestadores hechos ahora en mármol, jaspe y bronce, siguiendo las recomendaciones oficiales, o en madera policromada en verde, rojo o blanco, imitando los materiales anteriores. Se pueden citer aquí los manifestadores de mármol y bronce situados en los presbiterios de la parroquia del Sagrario o de la Catedral de Jaén, y sus correspondientes sagrarios.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Gutierre Gierero realizó el Cristo de las Misericordias de la catedral de Jaén.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)El obispo don Agustín Rubín de Ceballos gobernó la diócesis de Jaén desde 1780 hasta 1793. Durante aquel tiempo el generoso prelado contribuyó enormemente al embellecimiento de su sede metropolitana, costeando obras tan estimables como el retablo de San Eufrasio y el Tabernáculo del altar mayor. El hallazgo del testamento de don Agustín Rubín de Ceballos nos permite conocer que, asimismo, legó a la catedral de Jaén no sólo su biblioteca, sino también un valioso misal mozárabe toledano
Existe en el Archivo Histórico Diocesano de Jaén una Sección, de singular interés, por su antigüedad, (siglo XIII) y por la importancia de su valiosa documentación. A este Archivo Capitular, entre otros documentos, pertenecen las Bulas y demás Documentos Pontificios, desde 1368; las Cartas y Privilegios Reales, desde 1525; Constituciones Capitulares y Sinodales, desde 1478; Libros Corales y Misales, a partir del siglo xv; Expedientes de Limpieza de Sangre, desde 1557 y Archivo de Música, desde Palestrina (1515-1594). Con el presente estudio hemos querido ofrecer una descripción detallada pero sucinta de la rica documentación de este Archivo.
La catedral de Jaén está considerada la muestra más armónica del Renacimiento andaluz, hasta el punto que constituyó una auténtica referencia para las catedrales construidas en América en years posteriores. El templo, declarado Monumento Histórico-Artístico por Decreto de 3 de junio de 1931, se concibió como santuario del Santo Rostro está dedicado a la Asunción de Nuestra Señora. A pesar de ser el resultado de un largo proceso constructivo de tres siglos que abarca diversas obras y estilos, la catedral presenta una insólita unidad estilística, habida cuenta de los variados arquitectos que participaron en su construcción, de los diferentes prelados que marcaron su rumbo y de los gustos atísticos que se sucedieron a lo largo del tiempo.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)datos referidos a la finanzas para construir la catedral giennense, durante el siglo XVII.
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37°45′54″N 3°47′24″W / 37.765°N 3.7899°W / 37.765; -3.7899