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Alady-in-waiting of the Imperial Russian Court (придворные дамы) was a woman of high aristocracy at the service of a woman of the Imperial family. They were organised according to the strict hierarchy of Peter the Great's table of ranks, following the woman's chin (rank) established on January 24, 1722.
All the ancient occupations of the women at the Court of Russia, traditionally held by boyarynias (wives of boyars), nurses, housekeepers, servants, nannies etc., were abolished and replaced by a new hierarchy inspired by Versailles Court's etiquette and German models, although many Muscovite and post-reform positions were in charge of identical functions. The new hierarchy used German terminology.
The seven strict ranks were reduced to five by the mid 18th century and their names evolved as well. The four first ranks were only granted to 82 women at the end of the 18th century and only 18 in 1915.
During the official ceremonies, the ladies-in-waiting had to wear specific Court dresses according to a regulation of 1834 fixing the clothing, the manner and the colors allowed for each one. A Hofmeisterin, StatsdameorKammer-Fräulein wore a miniature portrait of the Empress on their right shoulder and were called dames à portrait, one of the most prestigious positions at Court. After they left active service, they would wear it on their left shoulder. The Fräulein would only wear the EmpressorGrand Duchess' initials in diamonds, pinned to their left shoulder. In the 18th century, some of them were granted the right to wear curls.
Founded by Catherine II in 1764, the Smolny Institute near the Smolny convent, used to be a nursery for future ladies-in-waiting.
