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List of endangered languages in India





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Anendangered language is a language that is at a risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":[1]

Language Endangerment Status

byUNESCO Atlas of the World's
Languages in Danger category

Extinct (EX)
Endangered
  • Severely Endangered (SE)
  • Definitely Endangered (DE)
  • Vulnerable (VU)
  • (list)
  • (list)
  • (list)
    • Safe
    Other categories
  • Constructed (CL)
  • (list)
    • Related topics
  • Endangered Languages Project
  • Ethnologue
  • Unclassified language
  • List of languages by total number of speakers
    • UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
    UNESCO Atlas of the World's
    Languages in Danger categories
  • t
  • e
    • A light-hearted interview about Mandeali where Ishan Kashyap Hazarika is asking questions in Hindi and the interviewee is answering, largely, in Mandeali, shot at the Hidimba Devi Temple, Manali, India.

    India

    edit
    Main article: Languages of India

    The following table lists the 192 languages of India that are classified as vulnerable or endangered.

    India
    Language Status Comments ISO 639-3 Speakers
    A'tong language Severely endangered[1]   aot (undated figure of 10,000, 4,600 in India)
    Adi language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: China adi 150,000 total for the various languages (2011 census)
    Aimol language Critically endangered[1]   aim 6,000 (2001 census)
    Aiton language Severely endangered[1]   aio 1,500 (2006)
    Anal language Vulnerable[1]   anm 120,000 (2011 census)
    Angami language Vulnerable[1]   njm 150,000 (2011 census)
    Angika language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Nepal anp (740,000 cited 1997–2011)
    Ao language Vulnerable[1]   ngo 227,000 speakers(2011 census)
    Apatani language Vulnerable[1]   apt
    Asur language Definitely endangered[1]   asr
    Badaga language Definitely endangered[1]   bfq
    Baghati language Critically endangered[1]   bfz
    Balti language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Pakistan bft
    Bangani language Critically endangered[1]   gbm
    Bangni language Vulnerable[1]    
    Bawm language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: Bangladesh bgr
    Bellari language Critically endangered[1]   brw
    Bhadravahi language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: Pakistan bhd
    Bhalesi language Definitely endangered[1]   bhd
    Bharmauri language Definitely endangered[1]   gbk
    Bhumij language Vulnerable[1]   bhu
    Bhumji language Vulnerable[1]   bij
    Biete language Definitely endangered[1]   biu
    Birhor language Critically endangered[1]   biy
    Bishnupriya Manipuri language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Bangladesh bpy
    Bodo language Vulnerable[1]   brx
    Bokar language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: China adi
    Bori language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: China adi
    Brokshat language Definitely endangered[1]   bkk
    Bunan language Definitely endangered[1]   bfu
    Byangsi language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: Nepal bee
    Chambeali language Definitely endangered[1]   cdh
    Chang language Vulnerable[1]   nbc
    Chokri language Vulnerable[1]   nri
    Churahi language Definitely endangered[1]   cdj
    Dakpa language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: Bhutan dka
    Darma language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: Nepal drd
    Deori language Definitely endangered[1]   der
    Dimasa language Vulnerable[1]   dis
    Gadaba language Critically endangered[1]   gdb, gau
    Galo language Vulnerable[1]   adl
    Gangte language Definitely endangered[1]   gnb
    Garhwali language Vulnerable[1]   gbm
    Geta? language Severely endangered[1]   gaq
    Gondi language Vulnerable[1]   gon
    Gorum language Definitely endangered[1]   pcj
    Gutob language Vulnerable[1]   gbj
    Handuri language Critically endangered[1]   hii
    Hill Miri language Definitely endangered[1]   mrg
    Hmar language Vulnerable[1]   hmr
    Ho language Vulnerable[1]   hoc
    Hrangkhol language Vulnerable[1]   hra
    Hruso language Definitely endangered[1] Also known as: Aka hru
    Idu language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: China clk
    Irula language Vulnerable[1]   iru
    Jad language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: Pakistan jda
    Jangshung language Definitely endangered[1]   jna, scu, ssk
    Jarawa language Critically endangered[1]   ang
    Jaunsari language Definitely endangered[1]   jns
    Juang language Definitely endangered[1]   jun
    Kabui language Vulnerable[1]   nkf
    Kachari language Definitely endangered[1]   xac
    Kanashi language Definitely endangered[1]   xns
    Kangdi language Definitely endangered[1]   xnr
    Karbi language Vulnerable[1]   mjw
    Khamba language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: China kbg
    Khampti language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Myanmar  
    Kharia language Vulnerable[1]   khr
    Khasali language Definitely endangered[1]    
    Kheza language Vulnerable[1]   nkh
    Khiamngan language Vulnerable[1]   nky
    Khoirao language Vulnerable[1]   nki
    Khowa language Definitely endangered[1]   bgg
    Kinnauri language Definitely endangered[1]   kns, kfk, cif, tpq
    Koch language Definitely endangered[1]  Also spoken in Bangladesh, Nepal kdq
    Koda language Vulnerable[1]   cdz
    Kodagu language Definitely endangered[1]   kfa
    Koireng language Critically endangered[1]   nkd
    Kokborok language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Bangladesh trp
    Kolami language Definitely endangered[1]   kfb
    Kom language Definitely endangered[1]   kmm
    Konda language Definitely endangered[1]   kfc
    Konyak language Vulnerable[1]   nbe
    Koraga language Critically endangered[1]   kfd
    Korku language Vulnerable[1]   kfq
    Koro language Definitely endangered[1]    
    Korwa language Vulnerable[1]   kfp
    Kota language Critically endangered[1]   kfe
    Kui language Vulnerable[1]   kxu
    Kului language Definitely endangered[1]   kfx
    Kumaoni language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Nepal kfy
    Kundal Shahi language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: Pakistan  
    Kurru language Definitely endangered[1]   yeu
    Kuruba language Critically endangered[1]   kfi
    Kurukh language Vulnerable[1]   kru
    Kutchi language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Pakistan kfr
    Kuvi language Definitely endangered[1]   kxv
    Ladakhi language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: China cna, lbj, tkk
    Lamgang language Critically endangered[1]   lmk
    Lamongse language Critically endangered[1]   nik
    Langrong language Critically endangered[1]    
    Lepcha language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: Bhutan, Nepal lep
    Lotha language Vulnerable[1]   njh
    Liangmai language Vulnerable[1]   njn
    Limbu language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: Nepal lif
    Lishpa language Definitely endangered[1]    
    Luro language Critically endangered[1]   tef
    Mahasui language Definitely endangered[1]   bfz
    Malto language Definitely endangered[1]   kmj
    Manchad language Vulnerable[1]   lae
    Manda language Critically endangered[1]   mha
    Mandeali language Definitely endangered[1]   mjl
    Mao language Vulnerable[1]   nbi
    Mara language Definitely endangered[1]   mrh
    Maram language Vulnerable[1]   nma
    Maring language Vulnerable[1]   nng
    Miji language Definitely endangered[1]    
    Miju language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: China mxj
    Milang language Definitely endangered[1]   adi
    Minyong language Vulnerable[1]   adi
    Mising language Definitely endangered[1]   mrg
    Mizo language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Myanmar lus
    Motuo Menba language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: China tsj
    Moyon language Definitely endangered[1]   nmo
    Mra language Critically endangered[1] Also spoken in: China  
    Mundari language Vulnerable[1]   muw
    Muot language Critically endangered[1]   ncb
    Mzieme language Vulnerable[1]   nme
    Na language Critically endangered[1] Also spoken in: China  
    Nahali language Definitely endangered[1]   nlx
    Naiki language Critically endangered[1]   nit
    Nihali language Critically endangered[1]   nll
    Nocte language Vulnerable[1]   njb
    Nruanghmei language Vulnerable[1]   nbu
    Nyishi language Vulnerable[1]   dap
    Onge language Critically endangered[1]   oon
    Padam language Vulnerable[1]    
    Padri language Vulnerable[1]   bhd
    Paite language Vulnerable[1]   pck, smt
    Pangvali language Critically endangered[1]   pgg
    Parji language Critically endangered[1]   pci
    Pasi dialect of Adi Definitely endangered[1]   adi
    Pengo language Critically endangered[1]   peg
    Phom language Vulnerable[1]   nph
    Pochuri language Vulnerable[1]   npo
    Pu language Critically endangered[1]   caq
    Purik language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Pakistan prx
    Purum language Critically endangered[1]    
    Rabha language Vulnerable[1]   rah
    Remo language Severely endangered[1]   bfw
    Rengma language Vulnerable[1]   nnl, nre
    Rongpo language Vulnerable[1]   rnp
    Sanenyo language Critically endangered[1]   crv
    Sangtam language Vulnerable[1]   nsa
    Sentinelese language Critically endangered[1]   std
    Sherdukpen language Vulnerable[1]   sdp
    Sherpa language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: China, Nepal xsr
    Shompen language Critically endangered[1]   sil
    Simi language Vulnerable[1]   nsm
    Singpho language Definitely endangered[1]   sgp
    Sirmaudi language Critically endangered[1]   srx
    Sora language Vulnerable[1]   srb
    Spiti language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Pakistan spt
    Sulung language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: China suv
    Tagin language Vulnerable[1]    
    Tai Nora language Critically endangered[1]    
    Tai Phake language Severely endangered[1]   phk
    Tai Rong language Critically endangered[1]    
    Takahanyilang language Critically endangered[1]   nik
    Tamang language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Nepal taj, tge, tmk, tsf, tdg
    Tangam language Critically endangered[1]   adi
    Tangkhul language Vulnerable[1]   nmf
    Tangsa language Vulnerable[1]   nst
    Tarao language Critically endangered[1]   tro
    Taruang language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: China, Burma mhu
    Tawang language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Bhutan, China twm
    Thado language Vulnerable[1]   tcz
    Tinan language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: China lbf
    Tiwa language Definitely endangered[1]   lax
    Toda language Critically endangered[1]   tcx
    Toto language Critically endangered[1]   txo
    Tshangla language Vulnerable[1] Also spoken in: Bhutan, China tsj
    Tulu language Vulnerable[1]   tcy
    Turi language Definitely endangered[1]   trd
    Saurashtra language Vulnerable[1]   trd
    Wancho language Vulnerable[1]   nnp
    Yimchungru language Vulnerable[1]   yim
    Zakhring language Definitely endangered[1] Also spoken in: China zkr
    Zangskari language Definitely endangered[1] zau
    Zeme language Vulnerable[1]   nzm

    References

    edit
    1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Retrieved 2015-04-11.

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_endangered_languages_in_India&oldid=1213284391"
      



    Last edited on 12 March 2024, at 02:48  





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