Large running dogs used during the Middle Ages to seize and bring down game for the hunter to dispatch; they were described as having the body of a Greyhound with a broad and short brachycephalic-type head.[1]
Amastiff-type dog known in the Western Alps from the Middle Ages, it is sometimes claimed they were descended from dogs introduced to the area by the Romans; a short-haired dog that is believed to be the progenitor of the St. Bernard.[2]
A long-haired breed developed by the Argentine Army to act as sled dogs in the country's Antarctic bases. The creation of the Antarctic Treaty forced Argentina to remove all dogs from the continent, since they were an exotic species. The army then ended their dog breeding program and the remaining dogs were moved to Patagonia where most succumbed to diseases, since living their entire lives in Antarctica away from other dogs had made them lose their natural immunity to common diseases of dogs.
Amastiff-type breed that was used throughout the Low Countries as a draught dog, it was a large, powerful dog with a smooth coat and docked tail; its role became redundant in the 20th century and it is believed to be extinct.[3]
A French breed of pointer from the Poitou region; known for its pace compared to other French pointing breeds, it was sometimes claimed GreyhoundorSloughi blood was used in their breeding.[5]
The Celtic hounds were a breed of dogs in Gaelic Ireland described in Irish legend. Also known as the vertragus, they were popular breeds throughout many ancient civilisations. Considered to be the ancestor to modern day sighthound breeds such as the Greyhound.
A British breed of herding dog used by cattle drovers in England, it was known for its distinctive stumpy tail; it likely became extinct in the mid-19th century.[14]
A Cuban breed of mastiff originally used for bull-baiting, dog fighting and recapturing runaway slaves; believed to have been descended from introduced Spanish Mastiffs, they became extinct in the mid-20th century.[15]
A British breed of gundog that was described as being between a spaniel and a retriever in appearance; very popular with wildfowlers in the mid-19th century, it is considered the progenitor of both the Curly-Coated Retriever and the Flat-Coated Retriever (which both supplanted it in popularity) and it disappeared around the end of the 19th century.[17]
A British breed of terrier from England that was all-white in appearance; it was the progenitor of the Fox Terrier and one of several of the Bull Terrier.[18]
A French breed of scenthound from Brittany that was used to hunt wolves and wild boar; the breed became extinct in the late 19th century after the extirpation of wolves from much of France.[8]
A Hawaiian pye-dog that was kept by the native Hawaiians before European settlement; the Poi Dog was kept as both a pet and for human consumption, it also played a ceremonial role in Hawaiian culture; taking its name from poi, which was its main diet. It became extinct after the introduction of European dog breeds to the islands.[22]
A French breed of scenthound that was kept by the Kings of France from Louis XItoLouis XV; known as the Chien Blanc du Roi in French, they became extinct when Louis XV disbanded the pack in 1725.[23]
Ascenthound in the Middle Ages used to locate a stag on the morning of a stag hunt, the limer was kept on a leash and led the huntsman to the stag, which was subsequently hunted by other hound types; limers were known for their scenting ability and had to work silently to avoid alerting the quarry.[24]
The Moscow Water Dog, also known as the Moscow Diver, Moscow Retriever or Moskovsky Vodolaz, derived in the U.S.S.R. from the Newfoundland, Caucasian Shepherd Dog and East European Shepherd.
A large breed of French scenthound from Normandy believed to be one of the ancestors of the Bloodhound; it became extinct in the 19th century as hunters switched to faster hound types.[26]
A British medium-sized scenthound that was used to hunt hare, it was said to be smaller, with a sharper nose and faster than the contemporary Southern Hound; it is believed to be one of the foundation breeds of the modern English Foxhound.[27]
A British breed of specialised small mastiff-type dogs developed from the 16th century for the blood sportofbull-baiting; the prohibition of most blood sports in 1835 saw the decline of the breed, although some were retained as companion dogs and were bred into the modern Bulldog.[29]
A breed of Spanish pointing dog known from the Early Modern Period; it is considered the first of its type from which all modern pointing dog breeds descend.[30]
A terrier breed from Scotland bred primarily as a pet and show dog version of the Skye Terrier; it is considered the progenitor of the Yorkshire Terrier.
A Canadian breed used by the fishermen of Newfoundland and Labrador; descended from imported European dogs brought to the New World on fishing vessels, it is considered the progenitor of the Labrador Retriever.[32]
The Salish Wool Dog or Comox Dog is an extinct breed of white, long-haired, Spitz-type dog that was developed and bred by the Coast Salish peoples of what is now Washington state and British Columbia. It was raised for its hair, which was used like a sheep's wool.
A British medium-sized scenthound that was used for hunting hare; a slow-paced, deep-scenting hound believed to be related to the Bloodhound, they became extinct towards the end of the 18th century when faster hounds became more popular for hare hunting.[33]
An English breed of scenthound that was used for stag hunting; developed in the Middle Ages, they effectively became extinct when the last pack was sold to Germany in 1826.[34]
A British small to medium-sized white scenthound known from the Late Middle Ages; famed for its scenting ability, it was often employed pursuing criminals; it is believed to be a progenitor of the Bloodhound.[35]
A British breed that was a miniature version of the Bulldog, popular in the late Victorian era as a companion dog; it is considered the progenitor of the French Bulldog (which supplanted it in popularity) and the last record of it was in 1914.[37]
A British dog type used in larger kitchens to run in a wheel that turned a rotisserie; these short-legged dogs were known from the Middle Ages, they likely became extinct in the 19th century.[38]
Gilbey, Walter (1913). Hounds in old days. London: Vinton & Co.
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Hancock, David (2013). Gundogs: their past, their performance and their prospects. Ramsbury, Marlborough: The Crowood Press Ltd. ISBN978-1-84797-492-1.
Hancock, David (2014b). Hounds: hunting by scent. Ramsbury, Marlborough: The Crowood Press Ltd. ISBN978-1-84797-601-7.
Hancock, David (1984). Old working dogs. Botley, Oxfordshire: Shire Publications Ltd. ISBN0852636784.
Hancock, David (2001). The mastiffs: the big game hunters: their history, development and future. Ducklington: Charwynne Dog Features. ISBN9780951780114.
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Maida, Juan Carlos (2015). "Breve historia del Perro Polar Argentino" [Brief history of the Argentine Polar Dog] (PDF). Revista de Medicina Veterinaria (in Spanish). 96 (2): 15–18. ISSN1852-771X. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
Morris, Desmond (2001). Dogs: the ultimate dictionary of over 1,000 dog breeds. North Pomfret, Vermont: Trafalgar Square Publishing. ISBN1-57076-219-8.
Wilcox, Bonnie; Walkowicz, Chris (1995). Atlas of dog breeds of the world. Neptune City, New Jersey: TFH Publications.