This list of place names in Canada of Indigenous origin contains Canadian places whose names originate from the words of the First Nations, Métis, or Inuit, collectively referred to as Indigenous Peoples. When possible, the original word or phrase used by Indigenous Peoples is included, along with its generally believed meaning. Names listed are only those used in English or French, as many places have alternate names in the local native languages, e.g. Alkali Lake, British ColumbiaisEsket in the Shuswap language; Lytton, British ColumbiaisCamchin in the Thompson language (often used in English however, as Kumsheen).
The name Canada comes from the word meaning "village" or "settlement" in the Saint-Lawrence Iroquoian[1] language spoken by the inhabitants of Stadacona and the neighbouring region near present-day Quebec City in the 16th century.[2] Another contemporary meaning was "land."[3] Jacques Cartier was first to use the word "Canada" to refer not only to the village of Stadacona, but also to the neighbouring region and to the Saint-Lawrence River.
In other Iroquoian languages, the words for "town" or "village" are similar: the Mohawk use kaná:ta',[4][5] the Senecaiennekanandaa, and the Onondaga use ganataje.[6]
Provinces and territories whose official names are aboriginal in origin are Yukon, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Nunavut.
Manitoba: Either derived from the Cree word manito-wapâw meaning "the strait of the spirit or manitobau" or the Assiniboine words mini and tobow meaning "Lake of the Prairie", referring to Lake Manitoba.
Beaver Hills (includes today's Elk Island Park) translation of Cree, Blackfoot and Nakoda place names for the feature.[9] Cree name for area was amiskwaciy, Cree name for Edmonton House was amiskwaciwâskahikan (Beaver Mountain House,[10]
Blood Reserve 148 (formerly Indian reserve) Kinai First Nation, name roughly translated as Blood in the past
Bow River English translation of Blackfoot name for the river – Makhabn, "river where bow reeds grow" (Blackfoot), reeds there were good for making bows with which to shoot arrows.[11]
Bow Valley Natural Area (see Bow River)
Calgary roads (trails) named after Indigenous Nations and an element of Metis lifestyle—Stoney, Blackfoot, Metis, Shaganappi, Sarcee, and Peigan Trails are all named in honour of the first people on this continent, although the latter two have since changed their names. The Peigan are now known as the Piikani Nation and the Sarcee are now the Tsuut’ina Nation, but both street names remain.[12]
Cooking Lake is a translation of its Cree place name opi-mi-now-wa-sioo, indicating a cooking place.
Crowfoot Crossing—named after Crowfoot (Blackfoot name Sahpo Muxika) (born c. 1836; died April 24, 1890), chief of the SiksikaFirst Nation and signatory of Treaty. He was instrumental during the Treaty 7 negotiations and acted as a representative of his people.[12]
Edmonton wards (municipal election districts) all bear names of Indigenous origin, since 2020.[15]
Nakoda Isga: Sioux, "the people," referring to the Alexis Nakota Sioux Nation.
O-day’min: Anishinaabe, "strawberry," literally "heart berry," invoking the image of "the heart [of the city] through which the North Saskatchewan River runs."
Anirniq – Pronunciation: /əˈnɜːrknɪk/ə-NURK-nik: Inuktun, "breath of life," honouring Inuit people who were brought to Edmonton in the 1950s and 1960s for treatment for tuberculosis, being separated from their families for long periods and often mistreated; many died and were buried in Edmonton.
James Mowatt Trail. James Mowatt (Metis, born in St. Andrews, Manitoba) carried message from Edmonton to Calgary during 1885 Rebellion, asking for military assistance for Edmonton, which was thought to be under threat of Native uprising. He made the trip in only 36 hours, a record at that time. He later was a gold-rusher and then moved back to Manitoba.[18][19][20]
Kaskitayo: Edmonton community. Originally spelled Kaskiteeo, this name is derived from the Cree word, noted by J. B. Tyrrell in the 1870s as kas-ki-tee-oo-asiki, meaning 'blackmud creek'. (Neighbourhood names in the Kaskitayo area honour Aboriginal leaders – Bearspaw, Big Bear, Ermineskin, Kainai)[23]
Kikino Trail, Edmonton. The name of this trail, a major walkway in the Thorncliff neighbourhood, reflects the theme of most of Edmonton’s walkways, which are named for prominent Aboriginal people or have a relationship with Aboriginal heritage. Kikino is said to be the Cree word for “our home.” Kikino Trail is one of a number of trail names approved between 1969 and 1971. This name has been in use since 1895. While its origin is not recorded, the name is taken from the Cree word kinokamâw, which means “a long lake.”[24]
Kimiwan: Cree word for rainy
Kitaskino Nuwenëné Wildland Provincial Park (Wood Buffalo Park). Kitaskino Nuwenëné is both Cree and Dene meaning “our land.”
Maskepetoon Park (Red Deer) after Chief Maskepetoon (1807–1869). Said to be the "Gandhi of the Plains", he made temporary peace between the Cree and the Siksika before being killed by an enemy.[30]
Maskwa Creek near Wetaskiwin (Cree for 'black bear')
Maskwacis (formerly known as Hobbema) collection of several First Nations name translates as 'bear hills'.
Matchayaw Lake Cree for bad spirit. Palliser translated the name as Little Manitoo in 1865.[25]
Medicine Hat: Translation of the Blackfoot word saamis, meaning "headdress of a medicine man".
Meeting Creek. English translation of the Cree name nukh-kwa-ta-to, which references the frequent meeting between the Cree and Blackfoot there.[25]
Minaik: Cree (also Nakoda) "Minahik" for evergreen (pine or tamarack)
Michichi: Cree for 'hand' (nearby Hand Hills has same source).
Ministik (in the Beaver Hills UNESCO Biosphere Reserve) a former school district (Ministik School District #1796). Ministik Lake is nearby. Ministik means island in Nehiyawewin (Cree).[32]
Moose Lake. Known to early French-Canadian fur traders as lac d'Orignal, meaning Moose Lake. This may have been a direct translation of the local Cree name of the same meaning, Mōswa sākahikan.[35]
Namaka (hamlet) Blackfoot name "near the water", referring to nearby Bow River or Eagle Lake.[36]
Nemiskam (locality S of Medicine Hat). Blackfoot place name trans. as between two coulees.[37]
Neutral Hills Name commemorates the place where the Cree and Blackfoot made peace and chose to share the area's bison, ending decades-long fighting there.[38]
Nose Creek within limits of Calgary. Name is trans. of Cree place name os-kewun.[39]
Nose Hill northeast of Coronation. Name is translation of Cree name os-ke-wu-na-chio[40]
Nose Hill within the limits of Calgary. Named prior to whie man's arrival due to resemblance to the nose of a Native chief, or due to a nose being bitten off there during a fracas in the old days.[41]
Notikewin (hamlet) and Notikewin River. The name derives from nôtinikewin, the Cree word for "battle".[42][43]
Old Women's Buffalo Jump, 60 kms S of Calgary. Name is derived from Blood legend about Old Man (see Oldman River) not finding a wife among the women at the buffalo jump and turning himself into a lone pine tree on the site.[44]
Oldman River. The Piikani Nation of the Blackfoot Confederacy named the river after their traditional sacred ground at its headwaters, said to the "Old Man's Playing Ground," sacred ground of Napi, the Old Man, the Great Creator.[45]
Otoskwan school district and railway siding on outskirts of Edmonton, now within Edmonton. Named after Cree name for nearby water-course Blackmud Creek. Otoskwan translates as big tributary. (William Peter Baergen, Pioneering with A Piece of Chalk)
Pakan locality (formerly Victoria Settlement) south of Smoky Lake. The Chief at the Whitefish Reserve bore the name Pakan. He was also known as James Seenum. Nearby Pakan Lake and Pakan Creek arise from the same source.)
Pakkwaw Lake northeast of Innisfail -- The Cree name for the shallow slough translates as dry or shallow [46]
Papaschase Industrial Park (Edmonton) named after Chief Papaschase (Papastayo) (ca. 1838–1918) or his band. (South Edmonton Saga)
Peace Hills in Wetaskiwin area. Peace treaty between Cree and Blackfoot arranged there in 1867. Name of City of Wetaskiain nearby has same source[47]
Peace River translation of Dane-zaa language river name unjigah,[48] which is derived from peace made in late 1700s between two groups along its shores.[9]
Pekisko from Blackfoot place name pik-isko translates as "rough ridge" or "rolling hills".[9][50]
Pembina River -- corruption of the Cree name neepinmenaw, "summer berry"[51] the names of the Pembina locality, southwest of Drayton Valley, and Pembina River Provincial Park come from same source.)[52]
Piikani 147 Indian Reserve (on which Brocket is located) owned by Piikani Nation (formerly the Peigan Nation).[53]
Pipestone River translation of Cree and possibly Nakoda place name, derived from it being source of stone to make pipes.[9]
Rabbit Hill (Edmonton): translation of Cree place name.[9]
Red Deer River: Name derived from Cree place name was-ki-sioo (elk). Early Scottish settlers in area thought area's elk were same as the red deer of their home country.[54]
Red River: colour of water in river (red from its high iron content).[9]
Redearth Creek: soil on its shores used by Natives as body paint.[9]
Redearth Pass: soil in pass used by First Nations as body paint.[9]
Redwater (river and town): translation of Cree name "red water".[9]
Redwillow Creek: form of translation of Cree place name literally "red feathers/bristles small river".[9]
Sakaw (neighbourhood in southside Edmonton)
Saskatchewan River, North and South Saskatchewan River. Derived from the Cree name for the Saskatchewan River, kisiskāciwani-sīpiy, meaning "swift flowing river"
Saskatoon Mountain Natural Area
Seven Persons translation of Blackfoot name kitsikitapi-itsinitupi "seven persons were killed" (Hugh A. Dempsey, Indian Names for Alberta Communities, p. 17) (see Hugh A. Dempsey, "A Blackfoot Winter Count" for full story.)
Shaganappi Trail (Calgary). Shaganappi are rawhide strips. Used to repair a myriad of objects, it was the duct tape of its time.
Skoki Mountain and Skoki valley. Stoney Nakoda word for swamp. There are several in the area.[55]
Skyrattler (neighbourhood in southside Edmonton)
Slave Lake: "Slave" was a mis-translation of the Cree word for foreigner to describe the Athabaskan people living there. (see Slave River, NWT, below)
Smoky Lake: This town's name comes from the Cree name for the almost-now-disappeared lake nearby. Wood Cree named it Smoking Lake for either the large number of campfires around it often, or smouldering coal-fires in the ground, or the unusually large quantities of mist that came off it at sunset. (Hugh A. Dempsey, Indian Names for Alberta Communities, p. 17)
Sounding Lake, in the Neutral Hills. Name is based on Native legend wherein a Great Eagle, Mikisew, emerges from the waters and takes off across the hills, its great wings making a noise like thunder.[38]
Spirit River translation of Cree name for nearby water-course chipi-sipi "spirit river" (Hugh A. Dempsey, Indian Names for Alberta Communities, p. 17)
Stony Plain translation of Cree name asinipwat-muskatayo "Stony (Native) plain" (Hugh A. Dempsey, Indian Names for Alberta Communities, p. 18)
Sucker Creek translation of Cree name nimipi-sipisis "sucker (fish) creek" (Hugh A. Dempsey, Indian Names for Alberta Communities, p. 18)
Tongue creek (trib. of Highwood River). Name harkens to Native legend of Old Man being tricked by Wolf and Mouse eating his elk tongues. Cree place name natsina (tongue)[61]
Twin Butte may be derived from Blackfoot name natsikapway-tomo "double hill" (Hugh A. Dempsey, Indian Names for Alberta Communities, p. 18)
Two Hills (town) about 120 kilometres east of Edmonton in 54-12-4. May be derived from Cree name misoyik-kispakinasik "two hills" (Hugh A. Dempsey, Indian Names for Alberta Communities, p. 18)
Two Hills Lake 55-1-4. named due to proximity to two hills. trans. of Cree place name nis-wa kis-pa-tin-ak, also rendered as The Two Big hills.[61][25]
Unipouheos Indian Reserve #121 northwest of Lloydminster named after Chief Unipouheos who was chief in 1879 [62]
Valley of Ten Peaks includes three peaks named after the numerals of the Stoney language:
Wenkchemna Peak (no. 10).[1] (Another peak in the valley, Mount Tuzo, was named Shagowa, Stoney for 7, in 1894 but name changed after its first ascent by Henrietta L. Tuzo in 1907.)[61]
Vermilion River (Alberta) translation of Cree name for the water-course, weeyaman-sipi "red paint river" (Hugh A. Dempsey, Indian Names for Alberta Communities, p. 18)
Vermilion, Alberta see Vermilion River, which is nearby. (Name for Vermilion River County #24, Vermilion Provincial Park, Vermilion Park Lake comes from same source.)[63]
Wabamun: (lake and town west of Edmonton) is a Cree word for "mirror" or "looking glass"
Wabasca hamlet, lakes, river, and oil field. Also Wabasca 166, a group of Indian reserves. from Cree languagewapuskau, grassy narrows. formerly spelled Wabiskaw in name of Wabiskaw lakes (80-26-4) and Wabiskaw River (trib. of Peace River)[64]
Wahsatnow Lake 25-58-13-4, named after Native farmer in area perhaps ca. 1900 (likely reference to same family that was source of place name Waskatenau)[65]
Wahstao post office, 59-15-4. corruption of Cree word wahsato, spritiual light. Named in 1907 by Peter Erasmus.[66]
Wapiabi creek (trib of Brazeau River) Stoney word for grave, due to presence of a grave along its banks when named in 1910.[67]
Wapiti River: from the Cree word for "elk", waapiti (literally "white rump").
Waskahigan River (trib. of Little Smoky River) Cree for house[68]
Waskatenau: village and creek. Pronounced with silent "k." In 1880s area was home to the Wah-Sat-Now (Cree) band, which later moved to the Saddle Lake reserve.[69] The band was also known as the Muskegwatic Band.[2] Cree term for "opening in the banks", in reference to the cleft in the nearby ridge through which the Waskatenau Creek flows.[70] (see Wahsatnow)
Bella Coola: Named for the usual term for the local indigenous people, who call themselves Nuxalk. Bella Coola is an adaption of [bəlxwəla], the Heiltsuk name for the Nuxalk; their meaning is not limited to the band at Bella Coola but to all Nuxalk.
Botanie Mountain, Botanie Creek, Botanie Valley etc., meaning "covered", "covering" or "blanketed all over" in Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), which is thought to be a reference to its shroud of cloud or fog in times of bad weather, or else a reference to the abundant plant cover in the area. An 1894 account of a Secwepemc (Shuswap) meaning is "many root place" (the upper end of the Botanie Valley is near the limit of Secwepemc territory)
Cariboo: from the Mi'kmaq languagexalibuorQalipu via French caribou (1610) cariboeuforcarfboeuf: "pawer" or "scratcher".[74][75][Notes 1] A mountain subspecies of caribou were once numerous.
Cayoosh Creek: Cayoosh is a Lillooet-area variant of cayuse, originally from the Spanish caballo – "horse", although in Lillooet and the Chilcotin this word specifies a particular breed of Indian mountain pony. There are two versions of the name's meaning. In one account, someone's pony dropped dead in or at the creek after an arduous journey over the pass at the head of its valley. In the other, the crest of standing waves in the rushing waters of the creek are said to resemble bucking horses and their manes.
Cheam: Halqemeylem for "(place to) always get strawberries". The Halqemeylem term refers to an island across from the present-day reserve and village. This name is used in English for Mount Cheam (Cheam Peak), the most prominent of the Four Sisters Range east of Chilliwack, which in Halqemeylem is called Thleethleq (the name of Mount Baker Kulshan's wife, turned to stone).
Cheekye River and the locality of Cheekye near Squamish: from Nch'kay, the Squamish language name for Mount Garibaldi, meaning "dirty place" in reference to that mountain's ash-stained snows
Chehalis and Chehalis River: probable meanings vary from "the place one reaches after ascending the rapids" or "where the 'chest' of a canoe grounds on a sandbar'. The sandbar or rapids in question would be the old "riffles" of the Harrison River where it empties into the Fraser River out of Harrison Bay (the riffles were dredged out in gold rush times). The Chehalis people refer to themselves, however, as Sts'ailes, "beating heart".
Chemainus: Named after the native shaman and prophet Tsa-meeun-is, which means "Broken Chest" or "bitten breast"(Hulquminum language), a reference to the bitemarks possible during a shamanic frenzy, which the local horseshoe-shaped bay is thought to have resembled.
Chilliwack: "Going back up" in Halqemeylem. Other translations are "quieter water on the head" or "travel by way of a backwater of slough", all a reference to the broad marshlands and sloughs of the Chilliwack area, which lies between the Fraser River's many side-channels and Sumas Prairie (much of formerly Sumas Lake). Older spellings are Chilliwhack, Chilliwayhook, Chil-whey-uk, Chilwayook, and Silawack.
Chinook Cove: on the North Thompson River, a reference to the Chinook salmon rather than to the language, wind or people of the same name.
Clayoquot Sound: an adaption of the Nuu-chah-nulth language Tla-o-qui-aht, which has a variety of translations: "other or different people", "other or strange house", "people who are different from what they used to be"; in Nitinaht the phrase translates as "people of the place where it becomes the same even when disturbed".
Coquitlam: "small red salmon" in Halqemeylem (Upriver Halkomelem). Derived from the name of the Kwikwetlem people. Another and more usual translation is "stinking of fish slime" or "stinking fish", thought to be a reference to the Kwikwetlem people's role as slaves to the Katzie and Kwantlen as fish butchers.
Cowichan: from Quwutsun, "land warmed by the sun" or "warm country" (Hulquminum)
Cultus: "bad, of no value, worthless" in Chinook jargon. In First Nations legend, this popular recreational lake south of Chilliwack was said to be inhabited by evil spirits.
Cumshewa, Cumshewa Inlet, Cunshewa Head: Cumshewa was a prominent Haida chief in the late 18th century, noted for the killing of the crew of the US trading vessel Constitution in 1794. His name means "rich at the mouth" (of the river)" and was conferred from the language of the Heiltsuk, who were allies of the Cumshewa Haida.
Eddontenajon: "child crying in the water" or "a little boy drowned" in Tahltan
Cape Edensaw: Edenshaw, in its modern spelling, remains an important name in modern Haida society, known mostly nowadays for the dynasty of famous carvers of that name, all descendants of the early 19th century chief of this name, one of the powerful chiefs of Masset
Hunlen Falls, from the name of a chief whose trapline was in the area of the falls
Incomappleux River is from the LakesorColville-Okanagan word nk'mapeleqs, meaning "point at end (of lake)". The name of the former town of Comaplix and adjacent mountain and creek are derived from the name of the river.
Kitlope River, var. of Gitlope, the Tsimshian language name for the Gitlope, "people of the rocks", now amalgamated with the Gitamaat band as the Haisla First Nation.
Kwadacha River "white water" in Sekani (indigenous spelling Kwàdàta or Kwodàch). The river contains high amounts of rock flour, so "white" is reference to the colour of the water, not to rapids.[78]
Lillooet: adapted from the proper name for the Lower St'at'imc people, the Lil'wat of Mt. Currie. Lil'wat means "wild onions". The old name of Lillooet was Cayoosh Flat (1858–1860), derived from the name of one of the streams converging into the Fraser at the town (cayoosh is the local variant of Chinook Jargon for "horse" or "Indian pony").
Nadina River, Nadina Mountain – the name of the river is derived from that of Nadina Mountain, which is near its source, the name of which means "standing up alone" in the Carrier language. The river's actual name in Carrier, not adopted by the geographical names board, is "Nadinako".[80]
Osoyoos: From suius in the Okanagan language, meaning "Narrowing of the waters"; the O- prefix was added by English speakers to harmonize with Okanagan and other O-placenames in the area such as Omak, Oroville and Oliver.
Skaha Lake: from the Okanagan language word for "dog" (sqexe). Skaha Lake in frontier times was often called Dog Lake, although that is the Shuswap language meaning of skaha; in the Okanagan language it means "horse" or "pony".
Skookumchuck: "strong (skookum) ocean/water (chuck); that is: "strong tide, strong ocean current, rapids" in Chinook Jargon (three different locations – Sechelt Inlet, Lillooet River, Columbia River/East Kootenay, though also has a general meaning of a tidal rapids, usually at the mouth of an inlet).
Similkameen: From "Similkameugh" or "Samilkameigh" or "Samilkumeigh" meaning "white swan", one of the twelve tribes of the Okanagan people. The "-meen" ending was "forced by the whites" on this name to harmonize with the name of the river's tributary, the Tulameen.
Slocan and Slocan River: Slhu?kin Meaning "speared in the head" in the Lakes dialect of the Colville-Okanagan language and in reference to the traditional method of spear fishing in the region with a three pronged fish spear, a "lhumin."
Yuquot, the Nuu-chah-nulth language name, meaning "winds come from all directions", for the village usually known in English as Friendly Cove, on Nootka Sound
Apohaqui – translated from the Maliseet language, and means "The joining of two waters" or "the joining of two rivers". (Apohaqui is where the Millstream and the Kennebecasis River join.)
Miramichi : the name, which may be the oldest recorded name of aboriginal origin in Canada, may come from the Montagnais word for "country of the Micmac."
Nackawic, which gets its name from the Maliseet word meaning "straight" or "not in the direction it seems to be", alluding to the illusion created at the intersection of the Nackawic Stream and the Saint John River.
Penobsquis is a blend of Micmac terms for stone and brook.
Petitcodiac – term is derived from a Mi'kmaq word meaning "bends like a bow" (contradicts the popular belief that the name derived from the French term "petit coude", meaning "little elbow")[89]
Aguathuna: possibly derives from the Beothukaguathoonetoraquathoont, "grindstone", imposed perhaps in the mistaken belief that it meant "white rock" for the limestone abundant in the area [90]
Makkovik: Vik is the Inuktitut word for "place". Makko- may have one of the following origins:
it may be a corruption of the name Maarcoux, after Pierre Marcoux, a French trader in Labrador in the late 18th century [3]; or
from the Inuktitutmaggok, "two"; thus Makkovik would mean "two places". Around Makkovik are two inlets, Makkovik Bay and Makkovik harbour, and two main brooks floating into the two inlets. "Two Buchten Machovik", meaning "two bays Makkovik", is mentioned in a 1775 writing by the German MoravianmissionaryJohann Ludwig Beck.[4]
Torngat Mountains: from the Inuktitut name for the region, turngait, meaning "spirits"; Inuit legends hold that here the spirit and physical worlds overlap.[96]
Cobequid: Derived from the Mi'kmaq word "Wakobetgitk", meaning "end of the rushing or flowing water".[102][103]
Ecum Secum: Derived from the Mi'kmaq language, meaning "a red house".
Eskasoni: Derived from the Mi'kmaq word We'kwistoqnik, meaning "Where the fir trees are plentiful".
Kejimkujik National Park: "Kejimkujik" has been translated as meaning "attempting to escape" or "swollen waters", but the park's official translation means "tired muscles".
Consecon: reportedly (see Squire’s Site archaeological dig, Consecon Lake) derived from either or some combination of ‘lake of many pickerel/fish’ (con ho con) or, according to Rev Bowen P. Squire, ‘water opening’ (Khan ho Kharon); however, according to an Anishinaabe elder, the name in Ojibwemowin means ‘waters overtaking’
Kanata: Mohawk word meaning "village" or "settlement."
Kapuskasing: Of Cree origin, possibly meaning "bend in river."
Kawartha Lakes: An Anglicization of the word ka-wa-tha (from ka-wa-tae-gum-maugorgaa-waategamaag), a word coined in 1895 by Martha Whetung of the Curve Lake First Nation, meaning "land of reflections" in the Anishinaabe language. The word was subsequently changed by tourism promoters to Kawartha, with the meaning "bright waters and happy lands."
Madawaska: Named after an Algonquian band of the region known as Matouweskarini, meaning "people of the shallows".
Magnetawan: Derived from the word for "swiftly flowing river."
Manitoulin Island: "Manidoo Minis", Spirit Island. Manitoulin is the English version, via French, of the Old Odawa name Manidoowaaling, which means "cave of the spirit".
Opeongo, derived from the Algonquin word opeauwingauk meaning “sandy narrows”.
Oshawa: from the Ojibwe term aazhaway, meaning "crossing to the other side of a river or lake" or just "(a)cross".[110][111]
Otonabee: From the Ojibwe term "Odoonabii-ziibi" (Tullibee River). Otonabee comes from the words ode which means "heart" and odemgat that comes from "boiling water". It translates into "the river that beats like a heart in reference to the bubbling and boiling water of the rapids along the river"
Penetanguishene: believed to come from either the Wyandot language or from the Abenaki language via the Ojibwa language, meaning "land of the white rolling sands".
Petawawa: From Algonquin meaning "where one hears the noise of the water"
Timiskaming: from the Algonquin language TemikamiorTemikaming, meaning "deep waters".
Toronto: from an Iroquoian language, but of uncertain derivation.[112] Another story says it is derived from the Mohawk word "tkaronto" meaning "trees standing in the water".
Ogema: "Omega" is Greek for "end", being "the end of the rail-line". Two communities had the same name, so two letters were switched to become "Ogema". Ogema is an Anishinaabemowin word meaning Chief.
Piapot: Named for Chief Piapot, meaning Hole in the SiouxorOne Who Knows the Secrets of the Sioux.
^Bruce G. Trigger and James F. Pendergast. (1978), "Saint-Lawrence Iroquoians", in Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 15. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 357–361
^Afable, Patricia O. and Madison S. Beeler (1996). "Place Names". In "Languages", ed. Ives Goddard. Vol. 17 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pg. 191
